Isis (band)

This article is about the American metal band. For the 1970s band, see Isis (horn-rock band). For the Australian band, see Isis (Brisbane band).
Isis

Isis performing live at the Great American Music Hall in San Francisco. Visible from left to right are: Michael Gallagher, Jeff Caxide, Aaron Turner, Bryant Clifford Meyer. In the background is drummer Aaron Harris.
Background information
Origin Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Genres Post-metal, sludge metal, progressive metal
Years active 1997–2010
Labels Ipecac, Robotic Empire, Hydra Head, Neurot, Escape Artist
Associated acts Agoraphobic Nosebleed, House of Low Culture, Melvins, Old Man Gloom, Pig Destroyer, Red Sparowes, Tool, Palms, Deftones
Website www.isistheband.com
Past members See members

Isis (stylized as ISIS) was a Los Angeles-based post-metal band, founded in Boston, Massachusetts, with a career spanning from 1997 to 2010. They borrowed from and helped to evolve a sound pioneered by the likes of Neurosis and Godflesh, creating heavy music consisting of lengthy songs that focus on repetition and evolution of structure.

The band's last album, Wavering Radiant, was released on 5 May 2009. They disbanded in June 2010, just before the release of a split EP with the Melvins.

History

Formation and early releases (1997–2001)

Several sessions of experimentation in Boston, Massachusetts led friends Aaron Turner (guitar/vocals; also the owner of Hydra Head Records and its subsidiary, HH Noise Industries), Jeff Caxide (bass guitar), Chris Mereschuk (electronics/vocals) and Aaron Harris (drums) to form Isis in late 1997. As Turner states, "Isis formed as a result of the dissatisfaction with past bands of the founding members. None of us were happy with what we were doing musically at the time, two of us lived together, we had similar tastes and similar record collections."[1] Isis released a demo and their first EP, Mosquito Control, in 1998, with this line-up. During a show at the Middle East in Boston, MA, they sold copies of Mosquito Control attached to a circular sawblade as a very limited print edition. After an East Coast tour in the summer of 1998 where they were joined by Randy Larsen of Cable on guitar, Mereschuk left the band. Jay Randall (now of Agoraphobic Nosebleed) soon replaced him, working on Red Sea (1999). However, his stay would not last long. Isis then recruited guitarist/keyboardist Bryant Clifford Meyer (formerly of The Gersch) and guitarist Michael Gallagher (formerly of Cast Iron Hike) in 1999. After releasing their full-length debut entitled Celestial and its sister EP, SGNL›05 (on Neurot Recordings), in 2000, Isis gained national underground attention in the metal/hardcore scene through tours with Cave In and Neurosis. Isis remained with this lineup until their dissolution in 2010.

For the SGNL›05 EP, they contacted Justin Broadrick (then of Godflesh) through their friends in Neurosis to remix the title track from Celestial, which they used as the EP's closer. Following SGNL›05, the band felt a need to expand its ambit, both artistically and in terms of distributive reach.[2] The entire band were avid fans of Melvins, so their label – Mike Patton's Ipecac Recordings – was instantly put forward as an ideal candidate. Turner's friend James Plotkin was already working with Ipecac, so he showed some material to Patton, who, unknown to the band, was already a fan.[2] After discussion, they signed with Ipecac, who went on to issue the band's subsequent studio albums.[2]

Oceanic (2002–2004)

Whereas Celestial was still deeply rooted in heavy metal and hardcore, 2002's follow-up, Oceanic, saw the band acquire new characteristics comparable to post-rock and ambient music, significantly aiding in the birth of the genre of post-metal in what many saw as a logical progression.[3] While much of the material on the album retained the band's former "metallic" intensity, this departure saw the band appeal to a far wider audience; as a result, Oceanic may be the group's most noted album to date, and is widely considered a turning-point in the history of the band.[4][5][6] Turner himself describes it as their "quintessential album".[7] It was at the time their most successful release, receiving album-of-the-year accolades from Rock Sound and Terrorizer in 2002,[8] In late 2003, Isis relocated to Los Angeles.[9]

The distinctive tone of material since and including Oceanic had a noticeable impact on avant-garde metal,[10] helping develop the sound of several contemporaries; Cult of Luna, Pelican, Tides, Rosetta, and Russian Circles all cite Isis as an influence.[11][12] This underground success attracted the attention of the likes of Mogwai,[13] with whom they have toured on numerous occasions.

Oceanic Remixes and Reinterpretations was released in 2004, featuring reinterpretations of songs from Oceanic by a number of influential artists requested by the band. Both Oceanic and Oceanic Remixes feature female vocals by Maria Christopher of the band 27. The album featured another remix by Justin Broadrick, who has supported Isis on tours with his band, Jesu, which is signed to Hydra Head Records.

Panopticon (2004–2006)

2004 saw the release of Isis' third album, Panopticon. It signified a further progression many had predicted since Oceanic, with a more advanced post-rock feel to the music both structurally and in terms of sound. Justin Chancellor of Tool makes an appearance on the track, "Altered Course". Overall, it was a very well received album, being awarded 'album of the year' accolades from Rock Sound[14] and reaching No. 47 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums charts; their first entry into any mainstream charts.[15] Before touring the United States, the band performed a free concert at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, in a manifestation of the widespread recognition the band had acquired in artistic circles since the release of Oceanic.[16] Reacting to the impact of Oceanic and Panopticon, Revolver named Isis the twelfth heaviest band of all time in December 2004.[17] On 23 July 2006, they performed Oceanic in full at KOKO in London as part of All Tomorrow's Parties Don't Look Back season.[18]

Clearing the Eye, the band's only DVD, documenting performances over the past five years throughout the world, was released by Ipecac on 26 September 2006.[19] Also in September 2006, a collaboration with Aereogramme entitled In the Fishtank 14 was released as part of a project of Dutch label Konkurrent in which two artists are given two days' studio time to write and record their work.

In the Absence of Truth (2006–2008)

An Isis stage during the tour of Panopticon.

The band finished recording their fourth full-length album, In the Absence of Truth, on 9 July 2006. It was released on 31 October 2006 on Ipecac. The record sees the band again evolving in a manner similar to Oceanic and Panopticon, this time adding new elements of electronics, song structure, drumming complexity, and vocal techniques. It sees the emergence of a more melodic sound than before, and leanings away from previous "drone" inclinations and towards more traditional metal elements, predominantly in the heavier sections.[20] It was also their most commercially successful release, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers chart.[15]

Isis were the opening act for Tool's late 2006 North American tour in support of their new album, 10,000 Days.[21] This led to increased exposure for the band; however, the band members are not particularly comfortable with fame, and tend to keep their affairs private. Turner has stated that "We never imagined that Isis would become as successful or as popular as it has",[22] and confesses: "[Fans] taking a deeply personal interest in who I am, it fucking freaks me out. And I really do feel like sometimes when I get approached, I’m retreating into my shell."[11]

Wavering Radiant and break up (2009–2010)

In April 2009, the band won in the category "Best Underground Metal Act" at Revolver's 'Golden Gods' awards ceremony.[23] The band's fifth studio album, Wavering Radiant, was released shortly afterwards by Ipecac. The CD saw release on 5 May 2009, and a limited vinyl edition on 29 April 2009. It was produced by "Evil" Joe Barresi after years of working with Matt Bayles had grown "routine" for the band.[24]

The album's sound continued Isis' legacy of lengthy songwriting, and presents a slight departure from the soft-loud dynamics which characterised previous releases.[25] Critical appraisal was largely positive;[26] it went on to place well on a handful of best-of lists at the close of the year.[27] Commercially, it was Isis' most successful release ever, breaching the Billboard 200 for the first time and gaining international chart presence.[28]

Extensive touring followed the album's release, taking in headlining shows across the United States, Europe, Japan and Australia with bands including Baroness, Big Business, Cave In and Melvins.[29][30] The tour took in the 2010 Bonnaroo Music Festival in Manchester, Tennessee,[31] as well as the Soundwave (Australian music festival) in Australia.[32]

On 18 May 2010, Isis announced their decision to break up following their final tour, with their final show to be in Montreal – the location of the band's very first show – on 23 June 2010.[33] Isis collectively stated they have "done everything we wanted to do, said everything we wanted to say," and, as part of an agreement made by the band at its formation, it did not wish to be faced with the possibility that it would "push past the point of a dignified death."[34]

Post-breakup

In the wake of their breakup, they released a split EP with the Melvins in July 2010, featuring the Japanese Wavering Radiant bonus track "Way Through Woven Branches" and the unreleased song "The Pliable Foe",[35][36] and Hydra Head Records have announced that the entire series of live albums will see digital re-release from May to July 2011.[37] On November 6, 2012 a compilation double album titled Temporal was released on Ipecac Recordings. The release contained various demo recordings, unreleased tracks and remixes from throughout Isis' history.[38]

On June 5, 2013, it was announced that a remastered version of their debut album, Celestial would be re-issued by Ipecac Recordings with new artwork from Aaron Turner.[39] This release was followed on April 29, 2014 with a remastered version of the album Panopticon, and on November 4, 2014 with a remastered version of the album Oceanic, both of which were released by Ipecac Recordings.

In August 2014, Isis changed their Facebook name to "Isis the band" in order to avoid any confusion with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[40]

Genre

Aaron Turner, guitarist and vocalist.

Turner cites Swans, Melvins, Tool, Godflesh, and Neurosis as influences to Isis' sound, saying "those bands laid the groundwork for us [...] we're part of a recognizable lineage."[41] Early releases were derided as imitative of predecessors Neurosis, and he admits that the comparisons weren't "completely unjustified". However, material since (and including) Oceanic has not been so often likened to Neurosis; in fact, it has become the case that it is Isis who are being imitated in a burgeoning post-metal scene.[11][42]

In terms of categorisation, Isis have been described as post-rock, a genre which leans away from the traditional elements of choruses, verses, repetitive vocals, or fast riffing – what Turner describes as "guitar theatrics."[43] However, post-rock has what is essentially a halcyon sound: one devoid of aggressive vocals and distorted guitars. Isis, however, have hardcore/sludge origins (especially in their pre-Celestial era) and hardcore-like vocals. Their music includes elements of hardcore, drone, sludge, ambient music, and post-rock; yet none of these labels defines their sound fully. Critic Dan Epstein notes that "though [Isis were] originally lumped in with the hardcore and doom-metal scenes, the band has long since transcended the musical boundaries of those genres".[16] However, their ongoing acceptance within the pantheon of hardcore music is attested to by Converge's Jacob Bannon, who has gone on record saying that "if I wanna listen to emotional music which I guess is contemporary [...] I'll listen to Isis or something like that - something that is emotional, powerful music."[44]

Turner, when asked to define Isis, described their sound as "avant-garde, drone-oriented rock, but that doesn't completely cover the bases".[45] At the same time, he is reticent about settling on one label exclusively, and steers away from the use of specific genre labels – "'heavy, atmospheric, droning, post-epic, post-metal, shoegazer blah blah blah.'"[11] When asked how he reacts to being asked to define Isis' sound, he admits "I never know what to say. I'm almost afraid of perpetuating a new tag."[46] Likewise, he also describes their music using a slightly more open-ended tag: as "thinking man's metal";[41] however, this tag refers to the intellectual elements behind the music, as opposed to exclusively aural ones.

Due to the difficulty in pigeonholing, some fans and critics label Isis as post-metal.[8][11] This genre is accepted to contain similar-sounding contemporaries such as Pelican, Cult of Luna and Callisto; however, Isis are often credited with the formulation of the genre with the release of Oceanic.[47]

The music of Isis is not suitable for mainstream release or commercial radio playtime due to extensive song length and niche appeal; as guitarist Michael Gallagher states, "we've never tried to be on the radio, and we've never tried to please others. We've simply done whatever we've wanted to do, and we've all decided to be happy with the results."[48]

Conceptual elements

Turner has gone on record saying "I like the idea of preserving at least a little shred of mystery and making the band to be more an entity—without hopefully sounding too pretentious — as a work of art [than a traditional rock band]".[13] Turner has also said in an interview in New Zealand music magazine Rip It Up that "we don't want to hand-feed everything to the listener. We just want to have a sense of mystery". There is a definite attitude that art and music are interchangeable and synonymous to the band; he feels that "the songwriting and the artwork come from the same place".[13] This logic relates to visual and aural aspects as well as overt intellectualisation, through literary references and driving philosophies.[1][43] Books such as Don Quixote, House of Leaves, Labyrinths and the philosophies of Jeremy Bentham have all played a role in shaping the themes of Isis' releases.[11]

There is an overt intention of progressing heavy music present in Isis' output; a desire to further the intellectual cause that pushes them forward.[49] This is evident within the clear progression of their sound from release to release, their influence on heavy music, and their acceptance in art circles where other metal bands are not so readily embraced. Their stated goal is "not to break away from the scene that [they] came from, but to expand upon it".[13] Publications such as Terrorizer attest to how Turner has completed his goal, explaining that "Aaron Turner has loosened hardcore from its geographical roots, and in the process created an intimate, yet immeasurable vision all of his own".[50] Turner has complained that "metal in general has long been unjustly maligned as solely the province of knuckle-dragging meatheads [...] That said, there's never been a group of musicians like there is now, who are helping to advance the form."[41]

Themes

Bryant Clifford Meyer

Most of Isis' releases revolve around a theme.[10] While each release has its own unique theme, many of the major releases interconnect. Turner has stated: "we wanted to have albums that weren't just grab-bags of songs but rather a cohesive experience from beginning to end, from the music to the lyrics to the layout of the record."[43]

No Isis album contains an explicit diegesis, or story arc, instead focusing on themes rather than stories. As such, releases are defined by some as "pseudo-concept albums".[22] The band see lyrics as important, but at the same time, Turner does not feel it necessary to enunciate every word.[11][51] Instead, any connections made are mainly conjecture, and the formation of a theme takes into account the album artwork, previous albums, track titles and the use of metaphor just as much as lyricism. Oceanic tells a convoluted tale involving love, incest and suicide by drowning.[52] This relates to the theme of the all-powerful female, present lyrically in every album except Panopticon. Turner does not explicitly acknowledge an "overtly feminine theme"; however, he does state: "I just think it's interesting to include that as part of what we do, simply because metal, especially, is considered to be this very male-oriented, testosterone-driven art form, and I feel like it's important to recognize the other side of our nature. As manly as we might or might not be, we have to acknowledge that there is a feminine part of our persona, and that the world isn't made up of absolutes. To achieve balance, you have to recognize every facet of yourself and everyone else around you."[22] Certain threads do reappear between albums, notes Turner. "There are certain themes which reoccur in my work just because of what I'm interested in and what is aesthetically pleasing for me", he says. "The idea of futuristic utopias and dystopias is probably something that does consciously and subconsciously return time and time again [...] and sometimes I just can't help the fact that these themes creep into my work whether it's conscious or not".[53] The other two ongoing motifs in the lyrics and artwork are that of towers and mosquitos.[54]

Panopticon was an overtly political release, and arguably the clearest statement made within their music yet.[10] It displayed fears of surveillance and of tacit governmental influence; its namesake, the panopticon, was Jeremy Bentham's concept for a prison system in which all the prisoners can be viewed by one guard in a central tower, without being able to know whether they are being observed or not. Bentham described the Panopticon as "a new mode of obtaining power of mind over mind, in a quantity hitherto without example."[55] Quizzed on government conspiracies, Turner states: "I do believe that each and every day our government and the huge corporate entities of this country lie to us about numerous subjects. In this respect we are all victims of a huge conspiracy—most of those in power are only concerned with the advancement of their agendas and have no qualms about deceiving and hurting the American people."[1]

After constantly explaining concepts and story outlines to interviewers and fans, Turner chose to keep the thematic basis of In the Absence of Truth quiet. "Through explaining the last two albums time and time again, I just started to become weary of the topic, and I started to feel like I was losing my connection to the music and the lyrics simply from having repeated it so many times [...] I feel there's a lot of emphasis these days placed on explaining everything in such a fashion that there's really nothing left for the listener or reader to explore themselves. It's all spelled out," Turner continues. "So it's interesting to leave some of that stuff open-ended so they have to do a little bit of legwork themselves."[22] He was similarly reticent about revealing much which went into Wavering Radiant, beyond noting that Carl Jung's theories, and dreams, served as inspiration.[56]

Members

Jeff Caxide

Last active line-up

Past

Collaborators

Aaron Harris

Side projects



Discography

Main article: Isis discography

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Aaron Turner interview". Feast of Hate and Fear. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 Hill, Mike (13 May 2011). "Isis' Aaron Turner: Musical Renaissance Man – Exclusive Interview". Noisecreep. AOL. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  3. ↑ Serba, John. "Review of Oceanic". allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
  4. ↑ Martinelli, Roberto. "Review of Oceanic". Maelstrom Zine. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  5. ↑ "Isis" (Press release). Ipecac Recordings. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  6. ↑ Downey, Ryan J. "Isis". allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 3 December 2006.
  7. ↑ Diver, Mike. "In The Presence Of Truth: DiS meets Aaron Turner of Isis". Drowned in Sound. Retrieved 2 January 2007.
  8. 1 2 "Isis > Biography" (Press release). Southern Records. Retrieved 11 November 2006.
  9. ↑ Grow, Kory (2004). "Isis". CMJ (129): 10. Retrieved 2 July 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 Lee, Cosmo. "Review of In the Absence of Truth". Stylus Magazine. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Bonazelli, Andrew. "Isis". Decibel. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
  12. ↑ "An Interview with Donny, Rob, Benny, and Augie of Tides...". StonerRock.com. 31 August 2005. Retrieved 20 September 2006.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Young, Craig. "Isis". earpollution. Retrieved 23 November 2006.
  14. ↑ Bennet, J (November 2004). "Review of Panopticon". Rock Sound (66).
  15. 1 2 "Artist Chart History - Isis". Billboard. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  16. 1 2 Epstein, Dan (February 2005). "The Art of War". Revolver. Archived from the original on 1 January 2008. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  17. ↑ "The 50 Heaviest Bands Ever". Revolver (31): 58. December 2004.
  18. ↑ Diver, Mike (3 April 2006). "Literally OMG: Isis to play Oceanic in London". Drowned in Sound. Retrieved 2 January 2007.
  19. ↑ Kerr, Dave (13 October 2006). "Just a group of guys, throwing it down". The Skinny. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  20. ↑ Bennet, J. (August 2006). "Isis: Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil". Rock Sound (87): 32–4.
  21. ↑ "Tours: Isis / Tool". Punknews. 10 July 2006. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
  22. 1 2 3 4 D'Andrea, Niki (22 February 2007). "Covert Concepts: Inside the intellectual mystery metal of Isis". Phoenix New Times. Village Voice Media. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
  23. ↑ "REVOLVER'S GOLDEN GODS REVEALED!". Revolver. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2009.
  24. ↑ Debenedictus, Matt (5 May 2009). "Behind 'Wavering Radiant', an Interview With Aaron Harris of Isis". Noisecreep. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  25. ↑ Cole, Matthew (6 May 2009). "Isis: Wavering Radiant". Slant. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  26. ↑ "Isis: Wavering Radiant (2009)". Metacritic. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  27. ↑ Lists Wavering Radiant appeared on included:
  28. ↑ "Wavering Radiant Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
  29. ↑ Summers, Geoff (28 April 2009). "Tombs to Join Isis, Pelican on Tour". Noise Creep. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  30. ↑ "Isis Announce New UK Dates". Rock Sound. 3 September 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
  31. ↑ "Bonnaroo 2010: Isis In Concert". NPR. 12 June 2010. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  32. ↑ Edney, Cameron. "Interview: Aaron Turner". Utopia Records. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
  33. ↑ Barton, Chris (19 May 2010). "L.A.-based band Isis calls it quits". Pop & Hiss. LA Times. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
  34. ↑ ISIS: Good Night!
  35. ↑ Yancey, Bryne (27 May 2010). "Isis / Melvins split on the way". Punknews.org. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  36. ↑ "Torche / Boris Split 10" and Melvins / Isis Split 12" In Stores.... Yesterday!!!". Hydra Head Records. 14 July 2010. Retrieved 30 July 2010.
  37. ↑ "Isis says goodbye with five live albums". Punknews. 9 May 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  38. ↑ Robinson, Iann. "Review: Isis - 'Temporal'". Crave Online. Crave Online. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  39. ↑ "ISIS Reissuing ‘Celestial’ – Remastered and New Artwork". Nefarious Realm. 2013-06-05. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
  40. ↑ "Fans Of The 'ISIS' Rock Band Say They Won't Wear Their T-Shirts Anymore". Business Insider. 9 August 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  41. 1 2 3 Caraminica, Jon (20 September 2005). "The alchemy of art-world heavy metal". The New York Times. News Corporation. Retrieved 20 October 2006.
  42. ↑ Jurek, Thom. "In the Absence of Truth". allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
  43. 1 2 3 Berrett, Chuck. "The Inevitable Evolution of Isis". Slugmag. Archived from the original on 16 May 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2006.
  44. ↑ Martin, Jim (October 2004). "Resistance is Fertile". Terrorizer (124): 10.
  45. ↑ "Aaron Turner video interview". wenn's rockt! WebTV (in German). Retrieved 26 August 2006.
  46. ↑ Birk, Nathan T. (January 2007). "Isis: A Glorious Burden". Metal Maniacs: 8–11.
  47. ↑ Thompson, Ed (22 November 2006). "One thing is true – this album rocks". IGN. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  48. ↑ Porosky, Pamela. "Aaron Turner and Michael Gallagher interview". Guitar Player. Retrieved 6 September 2006.
  49. ↑ Harris, Chris (26 August 2006). "Tool Opening Act Isis Say They're Ready To Be Booed By Meatheads". MTV. Retrieved 17 January 2007.
  50. ↑ Ipecac Recordings. Isis: Biography 2004. Press release. Retrieved on 9 February 2007. (See specifically: Terrorizer January/February 2003.)
  51. ↑ Locks, Jesse (March 2005). "Isis". Thrasher Magazine. Retrieved 23 December 2006.
  52. ↑ Kelly, Scott (2006). "The Show". Combat Music Radio. Retrieved 24 January 2008.
  53. ↑ Pitchon, Avi (October 2004). "The Vision Divine". Terrorizer (124): 20–2.
  54. ↑ Buts, Jeroen. "5.1". The Thematical and Stylistic Evolution of Heavy Metal Lyrics and Imagery From the 70s to Present Day. pp. 82-83. "Isis's lyrics for example centred such concepts as that of the mosquito swarm on their entire first album 'Mosquito Control', a theme which they would refer to very subtly in future lyrics, visual art, and titles by using words such as 'swarm', 'sting', 'hive' or 'cocoon' and images of mosquito's. Examples are 'Collapse and Crush', 'Swarm Reigns (Down)' and 'Gentle Time' on their album 'Celestial', which also added imagery of signals and signalling communication towers."
  55. ↑ Bentham, Jeremy (1787). "Preface". Panopticon; or the Inspection-House.
  56. ↑ Bennett, J. (June 2009). "Five Alive". Decibel (56): 68–73.
  57. ↑ York, William. "Old Man Gloom". allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  58. ↑ "House of Low Culture Artist Page". Neurot Recordings. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  59. ↑ "Lotus Eaters, feat. Stephen O'Malley, Aaron Turner, & James Plotkin, get vinyl treatment (and stain barrier for added protection)". Tiny Mix Tapes. 18 March 2011. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  60. ↑ Hopkin, Kenyon. "Red Sparowes". allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
  61. ↑ "Windmills by the Ocean: Windmills by the Ocean CD". Blue Collar Distro. Archived from the original on 30 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  62. ↑ "The Gersch". Time Out NYC. Retrieved 13 July 2006.
  63. ↑ Jaschke, Magnus (November 2005). "Interview Isis/MGR". Creative Eclipse. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  64. ↑ "Mamiffer (Faith Coloccia & Isis’s Aaron Turner) – "We Speak In The Dark" (Stereogum Premiere)". Stereogum. Buzzmedia, Inc. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  65. ↑ "Taiga CORE093 onesheet" (PDF) (Press release). Conspiracy Records. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  66. ↑ "SPYLACOPA Featuring THE DILLINGER ESCAPE PLAN, CANDIRIA, ISIS Members: Debut EP Due In November". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. 25 August 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  67. ↑ Turner, Luke (18 November 2009). "Greymachine: Justin Broadrick and Aaron Turner United". The Quietus. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  68. ↑ Harris, Aaron. "Discography". Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  69. ↑ Brandon, Stosuy (30 January 2007). "Isis Frontman Joins Black Metal Supergroup Twilight". Pitchfork Media. Archived from the original on 9 February 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2008.

External links

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