Irish Dominion League

Irish Dominion League
Leader Sir Horace Plunkett
Founded 1919
Dissolved 1921 (1921)
Merger of the Irish Centre Party and the Irish Reconstruction Association
Newspaper Irish Statesman
Ideology United Ireland
Irish unionism
Political position Centre-right

The Irish Dominion League was an Irish political party and movement in the British Isles which advocated Dominion status for Ireland within the British Empire, and opposed partition of Ireland into separate southern and northern jurisdictions.[1] It attracted modest support from middle-class Dubliners of moderate unionist and nationalist backgrounds, anxious to achieve a compromise in the face of the escalating conflict between the Irish Republican Army and the British.[2] It operated between 1919 and 1921.

History of the League

The League was launched in June 1919 by Sir Horace Plunkett, with a 12-point manifesto signed by Plunkett and 43 others,[3] including many who had participated in the Irish Convention of 1917–18 and several Anglo-Irish members of the House of Lords.[4][5] Plunkett had founded the Irish Reconstruction Association at the time of the November 1918 election, after the failure of the Irish Convention. The new League merged the Irish Reconstruction Association with the Irish Centre Party,[6] founded months earlier by Stephen Gwynn, formerly of the pro-home rule Irish Parliamentary Party.[7] The Unionist Anti-Partition League of St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton discussed joining but decided the platform was too nationalist.[8] The founders also approached John Dillon but were rebuffed.[7] Many of the League's senior members were drawn from the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society.

The manifesto was based on an earlier "Proposals for an Irish Settlement" drafted anonymously by Diarmuid Coffey and Frank Cruise O'Brien (father of Conor Cruise O'Brien).[7] The chairman of the London committee of the League, Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon, introduced a Dominion of Ireland Bill in the House of Lords in 1920 in line with the League's views.[9] The debate surrounding the proposed bill helped to raise the prominence of the League, although it failed to gain support in the British parliament.[10] Monteagle's bill was defeated at second reading on 1 July 1920 and the government of David Lloyd George proceeded instead with its own bill, which became the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The League was dissolved in November 1921 following the establishment of the Irish Free State.[11] In 1922 Warre B. Wells wrote, "The Irish Dominion League did not attract a great deal of active support in Ireland, but it was hardly expected to do so inasmuch as it was chiefly a propagandist organisation".[12] Within Ireland, the moderate position of the League failed to convince sufficient members of either the unionist or nationalist communities to support its position. At Westminster, the League's small group of supporters were caught between the more numerous Liberals, who believed that the partition of Ireland should take place, and the Conservatives, who argued against any home rule for Ireland.

Irish Statesman

The Irish Statesman, a weekly journal promoting the views of the Irish Dominion League, ran from 27 June 1919 to June 1920.[13] It was edited by Warre B. Wells, with contributions from W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, and George William Russell.[14] The League's manifesto was first published in the journal's first issue.[15] The title was revived in 1923, after the League was defunct, with the new series running till 1930.

References

  1. ↑ John Kendle, Ireland and the Federal Solution: The Debate over the United Kingdom Constitution, 1870-1920 (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Jan 1989), 231.
  2. ↑ Richard Bennett, The Black and Tans (Pen and Sword, 10 Nov 2010), 195.
  3. ↑ Gaughan, J. Anthony (1989). Alfred O'Rahilly 2. Kingdom Books. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-0-9506015-7-1.
  4. ↑ Desmond Keenan, Ireland 1850-1920 (Xlibris Corporation, 11 May 2005), 472.
  5. ↑ Wells 1922, p.92
  6. ↑ Colin Reid, 'Stephen Gwynn and the Failure of Constitutional Nationalism in Ireland, 1919 - 1921', The Historical Journal, 53, 3 (2010), pp. 723–745
  7. 1 2 3 Wells 1922, pp.89–90
  8. ↑ Wells 1922, p.90
  9. ↑ "DOMINION OF IRELAND BILL. [H.L.]". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Lords. 22 June 1922. "DOMINION OF IRELAND BILL. [H.L.]". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Lords. 1 July 1922.
  10. ↑ D. George Boyce, Alan O'Day, Defenders of the Union: A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801 (Routledge, 4 Jan 2002), 153.
  11. ↑ Hancock, William Keith; Latham, Richard Thomas Edwin (1967). Survey of British commonwealth affairs 1. Oxford University Press. p. 129. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  12. ↑ Wells 1922, p.93
  13. ↑ The Western Argus (Tuesday 9 September 1919) http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article34211372
  14. ↑ Allen, Nicholas (2003). George Russell (AE) and the new Ireland, 1905-30. Four Courts Press. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-85182-691-9.
  15. ↑ Wells 1922, p.88
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