IRF3

Interferon regulatory factor 3

PDB rendering based on 1j2f.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1J2F, 1QWT, 1T2K, 1ZOQ, 2O61, 2O6G, 2PI0, 3A77, 3QU6

Identifiers

Symbol

IRF3

External IDs

OMIM: 603734 MGI: 1859179 HomoloGene: 1208 GeneCards: IRF3 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• regulatory region DNA binding • DNA binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription cofactor activity • protein binding • identical protein binding • protein homodimerization activity
Cellular component	• nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • cytosol
Biological process	• toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • apoptotic process • cellular response to DNA damage stimulus • viral process • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway • negative regulation of type I interferon production • positive regulation of type I interferon production • positive regulation of interferon-alpha production • positive regulation of interferon-beta production • toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway • TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MDA-5 signaling pathway • positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling • response to exogenous dsRNA • innate immune response • type I interferon biosynthetic process • positive regulation of cytokine secretion • defense response to virus • interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway • type I interferon signaling pathway • positive regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to dsRNA • macrophage apoptotic process • programmed necrotic cell death
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 19:
49.66 – 49.67 Mb

Chr 7:
45 – 45 Mb

PubMed search

Interferon regulatory factor 3, also known as IRF3, is an interferon regulatory factor.^[1]

Function

IRF3 is a member of the interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF) family.^[1] IRF3 was originally discovered as a homolog of IRF1 and IRF2. IRF3 has been further characterized and shown to contain several functional domains including a nuclear export signal, a DNA-binding domain, a C-terminal IRF association domain and several regulatory phosphorylation sites.^[2] IRF3 is found in an inactive cytoplasmic form that upon serine/threonine phosphorylation forms a complex with CREBBP.^[3] This complex translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of interferons alpha and beta, as well as other interferon-induced genes.^[4]

IRF3 plays an important role in the innate immune system's response to viral infection.^[5] Aggregated MAVS have been found to activate IRF3 dimerization.^[6] A recent study shows phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING and TRIF at a conserved pLxIS motif recruits and specifies IRF3 phosphorylation and activation by the Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1, thereby restricts the production of type-I interferons.^[7]

Signaling pathway of toll-like receptors. Dashed grey lines represent unknown associations

Interactions

IRF3 has been shown to interact with IRF7.^[8]

References

1 2 Hiscott J, Pitha P, Genin P, Nguyen H, Heylbroeck C, Mamane Y, Algarte M, Lin R (1999). "Triggering the interferon response: the role of IRF-3 transcription factor". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 19 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1089/107999099314360. PMID 10048763.
↑ Lin R, Heylbroeck C, Genin P, Pitha PM, Hiscott J (Feb 1999). "Essential Role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 in Direct Activation of RANTES Chemokine Transcription". Mol Cell Biol 19 (2): 959–66. PMC 116027. PMID 9891032.
↑ Yoneyama M, Suhara W, Fujita T (2002). "Control of IRF-3 activation by phosphorylation". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 22 (1): 73–6. doi:10.1089/107999002753452674. PMID 11846977.
↑ "Entrez Gene: IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3".
↑ Collins SE, Noyce RS, Mossman KL (Feb 2004). "Innate Cellular Response to Virus Particle Entry Requires IRF3 but Not Virus Replication". J Virol 78 (4): 1706–17. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.4.1706-1717.2004. PMC 369475. PMID 14747536.
↑ Hou F, Sun L, Zheng H, Skaug B, Jiang QX, Chen ZJ (Aug 5, 2011). "MAVS Forms Functional Prion-Like Aggregates To Activate and Propagate Antiviral Innate Immune Response". Cell 146 (3): 448–61. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.041. PMC 3179916. PMID 21782231.
↑ Liu S, Cai X, Wu J, Cong Q, Chen X, Li T, Du F, Ren J, Wu Y, Grishin N, and Chen ZJ (Mar 13, 2015). "Phosphorylation of innate immune adaptor proteins MAVS, STING, and TRIF induces IRF3 activation.". Science 347 (6227): aaa2630. doi:10.1126/science.aaa2630. PMID 25636800.
↑ Au WC, Yeow WS, Pitha PM (Feb 2001). "Analysis of functional domains of interferon regulatory factor 7 and its association with IRF-3". Virology 280 (2): 273–82. doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0782. PMID 11162841.

External links

Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
FactorBook IRF3

PDB gallery

1j2f: X-ray crystal structure of IRF-3 and its functional implications

1qwt: Auto-inhibitory interferon regulation factor-3 (IRF3) transactivation domain

1t2k: Structure Of The DNA Binding Domains Of IRF3, ATF-2 and Jun Bound To DNA

1zoq: IRF3-CBP complex

Cell signaling: carrier proteins: signal transducing adaptor proteins

JAK-STAT

see JAK-STAT signaling pathway

Growth factor receptor-bound protein

Other

14-3-3 YWHAE YWHAZ Caveolin Cortactin Death-inducing signaling complex Paxillin MYD88 SMAD TRAF TRAF1 TRAF2 TRAF3 TRAF4 TRAF5 TRAF6) BIN1 SH3BP2 LDB3

CHM CHML

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor AATF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AP-1 c-Fos FOSB FOSL1 FOSL2 JDP2 c-Jun JUNB JunD BACH 1 2 BATF BLZF1 C/EBP α β γ δ ε ζ CREB 1 3 L1 CREM DBP DDIT3 GABPA HLF MAF B F G K NFE 2 L1 L2 L3 NFIL3 NRL NRF 1 2 3 XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 AhR AHRR ARNT ASCL1 BHLH 2 3 9 ARNTL ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK EPAS1 FIGLA HAND 1 2 HES 5 6 HEY 1 2 L HES1 HIF 1A 3A ID 1 2 3 4 LYL1 MESP2 MXD4 MYCL1 MYCN Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 Neurogenins 1 2 3 NeuroD 1 2 NPAS 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Pho4 Scleraxis SIM 1 2 TAL 1 2 Twist USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 MAX MXD3 MITF MNT MLX MXI1 Myc SREBP 1 2

(1.4) NF-1	NFI A B C X SMAD R-SMAD 1 2 3 5 9 I-SMAD 6 7 4)

(1.5) RF-X	RFX 1 2 3 4 5 6 ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2 α β γ δ ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR

subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX

subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ

subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1

subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1

subfamily 6	GCNF

subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI-Krüppel family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
KLF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 17
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
SP
- 1
- 2
- 4
- 7
- 8
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 295
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain	ARX CDX 1 2 CRX CUTL1 DBX 1 2 DLX 3 4 5 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 FHL 1 2 3 HESX1 HHEX HLX Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 HOPX IRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKX LMX 1A 1B MEIS 1 2 MEOX2 MNX1 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 6-1 6-2 NOBOX PBX 1 2 3 PHF 1 3 6 8 10 16 17 20 21A PHOX 2A 2B PITX 1 2 3 POU domain PIT-1 BRN-3: A B C Octamer transcription factor: 1 2 3/4 6 7 11 OTX 1 2 PDX1 SATB2 SHOX2 SIX 1 2 3 4 5 VAX1 ZEB 1 2

(3.2) Paired box	PAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PRRX 1 2 RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F 1 2 3 4 5 FOX proteins A1 A2 A3 C1 C2 D3 D4 E1 E3 F1 G1 H1 I1 J1 J2 K1 K2 L2 M1 N1 N3 O1 O3 O4 P1 P2 P3 P4

(3.4) Heat shock factors	HSF 1 2 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF 2 4 5 EGF ELK 1 3 4 ERF ETS 1 2 ERG SPIB ETV 1 4 5 6 FLI1 Interferon regulatory factors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MYB MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor 1 2 3 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5

(4.2) STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6

(4.3) p53	p53 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF TP63

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B LEF1 SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF 3 4 TOX 1 2 3 4

(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

Signaling pathway: TLR signaling pathway

Receptor

TLR 4

TLR 1 TLR 2 TLR 6

TLR 5 TLR 10

Other external

Internal

adaptor: MYD88 TRIF TIRAP TRAF6 TOLLIP

IRAK1 IRAK4

IRF3

TLR 3 TLR 7 TLR 8 TLR 9

JAK-STAT signaling pathway

Ligand

Cytokine

Cytokine receptor

Janus kinase

Adaptor proteins

STAT	STAT1 STAT2 STAT3 STAT4 STAT5 STAT6

PIAS	PIAS1 PIAS2 PIAS3 PIAS4

SOCS	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 CISH

IRF	IRF1 IRF2 IRF3 IRF4 IRF5 IRF6 IRF7 IRF8

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IRF3

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading

External links