Ikshvaku dynasty

The Ikshvaku dynasty, in Puranic literature, was a mythical dynasty^[1] founded by Rishabha, also known as Ikshvaku. Ikshvaku, literally means sugar cane". The dynasty is also known as Sūryavaṁśa (the Solar dynasty). Rama, hero of the Ramayana belonged to this dynasty.^[2] Twenty-two out of the twenty-four Jain Tirthankara belonged to this dynasty.^[3] Rishabha is present in both Hindu as well as Jain mythology. Both refers to the same person.

The important personalities belonging to this royal house are Bharata, Harishchandra, Dilīpa, Sagara,^[4] Raghu, Rama and Prasenajit. Although, both the Hindu Puranas and the Buddhist texts include Shuddodhana, Gautama Buddha and Rahula in their accounts of the Ikshvaku dynasty, but according to the Buddhist texts, Mahasammata, an ancestor of Ikshvaku was the founder of this dynasty,^[5] who was elected by the people as the first king of the present era. According to the Puranas, supreme preceptor of the Ikshvaku dynasty was sage Vashishta.

Hinduism

In Hinduism, Ikshvaku, is the grandson of Vivasvan or Surya and son of Vaivasvata Manu. They ruled from the Kosala Kingdom, today known as Oudh in the state of Uttar Pradesh along the banks of river Sarayu with saketa, Ayodhya today as their capital. Ikshvaku is the first king who executed the Manusmrti or religious rules of Hindu living which were composed by his father Manu. Ikshvaku, ruled as Monarch at the beginning of the Satya Yuga or First yuga, had hundred sons. His estates descended to his eldest son Vikukshi.^[6]

Ikshvaku dynasty lineage

The lists of kings of Ikṣvāku or Aikṣvāka dynasty are found in the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Harivamsha and the Puranas. The Raghuvamsha of Kalidasa also mentions the names of the kings of this dynasty.^[7][8]

To Kusha

The genealogy of the Ikshvaku dynasty to Rama is mentioned in the Ramayana in two lists . The only difference between the two lists is that, Kukshi is mentioned only in the second list . In the first list, Vikukshi is mentioned as the son of Ikshvaku.^[9] The genealogy is as follows:

In the Ramayana, we find that, Lava and Kusha were the sons of Rama.

Kusha to Brihadbala

The Puranas provide a genealogical list from Kusha to Brihadbala, who was killed by Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata war. This list is corroborated by the Raghuvamsha till Agnivarna:^[10]

from Sri Rama to Brihadbalam 36 generation were passed in ikshvakuvansha. Avarage lifespan of Ikshvakuvanshi Kings in Dwaparayuga was 24,682 years. Maximume Lifespan of human became 200 years in last 400 years of Dwaparayuga.

Brihadbala to Sumitra

The Puranas also provide the list of the kings from Brihadbala to the last ruler Sumitra. But these lists mention Shakya as an individual, and incorporate the names of Shakya, Shuddodhana, Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha) and Rahula between Sanjaya and Prasenajit. The names of the kings are:^[11]

.

From, Mahabharata War (BCE 3138) to last king Sumitra (BCE 383) 29 generation passed in 2755 years.

So,Avarage life span of Ikhvakuvanshi Kings was 95 years in Kaliyuga.

King Parikshita(BCE 3138-BCE 3042) who was son of Abhimanyu or grand son of Arjuna lived 96 years.

Gautama Buddha(BCE 563-BCE 483) lived 80 years.

Founder of Nanda dynasty(BCE 432-BCE 322) King Mahapadma Nanda(BCE 450-BCE 362) lived 88 years.

In Buddhist tradition

The Buddhist text, Mahavamsa (II, 1-24) traces the origin of the Shakyas to king Okkaka (Pali equivalent to Sanskrit Ikshvaku) and gives their genealogy from Mahasammata, an ancestor of Okkaka. This list comprises the names of a number of prominent kings of the Ikshvaku dynasty, namely, Mandhata and Sagara.^[12] The genealogy according to the Mahavamsa is as follows:^[13][14]

1. Okkaka
2. Okkamukha
3. Sivisamjaya
4. Sihassara
5. Jayasena
6. Sihahanu
7. Suddhodana
8. Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha)
9. Rahula

In Jain tradition

The Ikshvaku dynasty has a significant place in Jainism, as twenty-two Tirthankaras were born in this dynasty.^[15]

• Origin
  • Rishabhanatha (son of King Nabhi), the founder of Jainism in the present Avasarpani era (descending half time cycle as per Jain cosmology) is said to have founded the Ikshvaku dynasty. Ikshvaku is considered to be his another name.^[16] He is said to have taught the people how to extract sugarcane juice. Hence, name for the Ikshvaku dynasty comes from the word ikhsu (sugarcane) because of this event.^[17]
  • Bharata Chakravarti (first Chakravartin) and Bahubali (first Kamadeva), sons of Rishabha
  • Arkakirti and Marichi, son of Bharata
• at the time of Ajitanatha
  • Jitashatru (father of Ajitanatha) and his younger brother Sumitra (father of Sagara)
  • Ajitanatha (the 2nd Tirthankara) and Sagara (2nd Chakravartin)
  • Janhu (eldest son of Sagara), the one who flooded village of Nagas with waters of Ganga leading to turning of sixty thousand sons of Sagara into ashes by Jawalanprabha (emperor of Nagas)
  • Bhagiratha (eldest grandson of Sagara)
• at the time of Sambhavanatha
  • Jitari (father of Sambhavanatha)
  • Sambhavanatha, the 3rd Tirthankara
• at the time of Abhinandananatha
  • Sanvara (father of Abhinandananatha)
  • Abhinandananatha, the 4th Tirthankara
• at the time of Sumatinatha
  • Megha (father of Sumatinatha)
  • Sumatinatha, the 5th Tirthankara
• at the time of Padmaprabha
  • Sidhara (father of Padmaprabha)
  • Padmaprabha, the 6th Tirthankara
• at the time of Suparshvanatha
  • Pratishtha (father of Suparshvanatha)
  • Suparshvanatha, the 7th Tirthankara
• at the time of Chandraprabha
  • Mahasena (father of Chanraprabha)
  • Chandraprabha, the 8th Tirthankara
• at the time of Pushpadanta
  • Sugriva (father of Pushpadanta)
  • Pushpadanta, the 9th Tirthankara
• at the time of Shitalanatha
  • Dridharatha (father of Shitalnatha)
  • Shitalanatha, the 10th Tirthankara
• at the time of Shreyanasanatha
  • Vishnu (father of Shreyanasanatha)
  • Shreyanasanatha, the 11th Tirthankara
• at the time of Vasupujya
  • Vasupujya (father of Tirthankara Vasupujya)
  • Vasupujya, the 12th Tirthankara
• at the time of Vimalanatha
  • Kritavarma (father of Vimalanatha)
  • Vimalanatha, the 13th Tirthankara
• at the time of Anantanatha
  • Simhasena (father of Anantanatha)
  • Anantanatha, the 14th Tirthankara
• at the time of Dharmanatha
  • Bhanu (father of Dharmanatha)
  • Dharmanatha, the 15th Tirthankara
• at the time of Shantinatha
  • Visvasena (father of Shantinatha)
  • Shantinatha, the 16th Tirthankara and 5th Chakravarti
  • Chakrayudha, son of Shantinatha
  • Kuruchandra, son of Chakrayudha^[18]
• at the time of Kunthunatha
  • Sura (father of Kunthunatha)
  • Kunthunatha, the 17th Tirthankara and 6th Chakravarti
• at the time of Aranatha
  • Sudarsana (father of Aranatha)
  • Arahnatha, the 18th Tirthankara and 7th Chakravarti
• at the time of Mallinatha
  • Kumbha (father of Mallinatha)
  • Māllīnātha, the 19th Tirthankara
• at the time of Munisuvrata (Munisuvrata himself was not from Ikshvaku, but Harivamsa)^[19]
  • Dasharatha (father of Rama)
  • Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, Shatrughna
  • Luv and Kusha (twin sons of Rama)
• at the time of Naminatha
  • Vijaya (father of Naminatha)
  • Naminatha, the 21st Tirthankara
• at the time of Parshvanatha
  • Asvasena (father of Parshvanatha)
  • Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara
• at the time of Mahavira
  • Siddhartha (father of Mahavira)
  • Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara

See also

• Kshatriya
• Shakya
• Koliya

Notes

References

• Shah, Natubhai (2004), Jainism: The World of Conquerors, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1938-2 
• Jain, Kailash Chand (1991), Lord Mahavira and his times, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-0805-8 
• Zimmer, Heinrich (1952), Joseph Campbell, ed., Philosophies Of India, London, E.C. 4: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, ISBN 978-81-208-0739-6 
• Genealogical tables of the deities, princes, heroes, and remarkable personages, of the Hindus, with an intr. and index, by F. Hamilton