Ilyushin Il-38

Il-38
Ilyusin Il-38SD of the Indian Navy in 2007.
Role anti-submarine warfare and Maritime patrol aircraft
Design group Ilyushin
First flight 20 July 1971[1]
Primary users Soviet Naval Aviation
Russian Naval Aviation
Indian Naval Air Arm
Number built 58
Developed from Ilyushin Il-18

The Ilyushin Il-38 "Dolphin"[1] (NATO reporting name: May) is a maritime patrol aircraft and anti-submarine warfare aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. It was a development of the Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop transport.

Design and development

The Il-38 is an adaptation of the four-engined turboprop Ilyushin Il-18 for use as a maritime patrol aircraft for the Soviet Navy. It meets a requirement to counter American ballistic missile submarines. The Communist Party Central Committee and the Council of Ministers issued a joint directive on 18 June 1960, calling for a prototype to be ready for trials by the second quarter of 1962. The fuselage, wing, tail unit and engine nacelles were the same as the Il-18 and it had the same powerplant and flightdeck. An aerodynamic prototype of the Il-38 first flew on 28 September 1961,[2] with the first production aircraft following in September 1967. Production continued until 1972, when the longer range and more versatile Tupolev Tu-142 derivative of the Tupolev Tu-95 strategic bomber had entered service.[3]

The airframe is based on the Il-18, with the wings moved forward 3 m (9.84 ft).[4] Unlike the Il-18, only the forward fuselage of the Il-38 is pressurized. The tail contains a MAD, while under the forward fuselage a Berkut ("Golden Eagle") search radar (named "Wet Eye" by NATO) is housed in a bulged radome. There are two internal weapons bays, one forward of the wing, housing sonobuoys and one behind the wing housing weapons.[2]

Some Western sources say 58 were produced;[3] the commander of the ASW squadron at Ostrov has stated Soviet Naval Aviation received 35,[1] of which about thirty remain in service with Russian Naval Aviation.[5] Five were passed to India in 1977/8.[1] In the mid-1990s it seems the Tu-204/Tu-214 airliner won a competition against the Beriev A-40/Be-42 amphibious plane to replace the Il-38 in Russian service,[1] but a lack of funds crippled the project. More recently an A-40 variant seems to be under development to replace the Il-38.

India received three ex-Soviet Naval Aviation Il-38s in 1977, with two more arriving in 1983. Indian modifications included fitting pylons to the fuselage side to carry the Sea Eagle anti-ship missile.[6] The Il-38s of the Indian Navy have been sent back to Russia for upgrades. They will incorporate the new Sea Dragon avionic suite, incorporating a new radar, a Forward looking infrared (FLIR) turret under the nose and an electronic intelligence (ELINT) system housed in a box-like structure mounted on struts above the forward fuselage.[5] Three upgraded aircraft, designated Il-38 SD, have been delivered to the Indian Navy.[7] There are reports of efforts towards adding the capability to fire the Indo-Russian Brahmos cruise missile from this aircraft. Mockups have been displayed with air-launched Brahmos attached to underwing pylons on the Indian Navy aircraft.

Operational history

One prototype was lost in the early 1970s when it was forced to ditch in the sea.[1]

The Il-38 was operated by units in the Soviet Northern, Pacific and Baltic fleets. In March 1968 a squadron of Il-38s deployed to Cairo in Egypt, flown by Soviet crews but in Egyptian markings, until being withdrawn in 1972. Il-38s continued to deploy overseas through the Cold War, flying from Aden in South Yemen, Asmara in what was then Ethiopia, Libya and Syria. Two Il-38s were attacked on the ground in a commando raid and at least one was destroyed by Eritrean People's Liberation Front fighters in 1984 at Asmara.[3] Following the end of the Cold War and the break-up of the Soviet Union, Il-38s continue in service with the Russian Navy's Arctic and Pacific Fleets.[5]

The type made its first visit to a NATO base in 1995, at NAS Jacksonville.[1] Its first appearance at an airshow in the West was at the 1996 Royal International Air Tattoo in the UK.[1]

A tragic mid-air crash occurred on 1 October 2002, during the Indian squadron's silver jubilee celebrations. IN302 and IN304, which were flying parallel to each other, had a mid-air collision above the Dabolim airport in Goa. All twelve aircrew (six aboard each aircraft) were killed and both aircraft were also destroyed.[8]

On December 7, 2010, two Russian Navy Il-38s appeared over the Japan Sea near the Noto Peninsula, interrupting a combined US-Japan Navy drill. The exercises were temporarily halted because of concern that Il-38s might be carrying out surveillance missions on US/Japan naval activities.

Variants

An unmarked Ilyushin IL-38, which was later delivered to the India Navy in 1983 and was the navy's first Il-38 to be modernised to SD standard.
Il-38
Production aircraft
Il-38M
Modified variant with a receiver probe as part of a hose and drogue air refuelling System, did not enter service
Il-38MZ
Was a modified tanker variant of the Il-38, did not enter service
Il-38N
Improved variant sometimes referred to as Il-38SD for Sea Dragon the new search and tracking system. Version for the Russian Navy is equipped with the Novella system.[9] Il-38N is able to find air targets at ranges of up to 90 kilometers and follow the surface objects within a radius of 320 kilometers. 5 aircraft have been delivered to the Russian Navy.[10] Modernized anti-submarine planes have entered into service with Russia’s Pacific Fleet.[11]

Operators

Il-38 of the Indian Navy at INS Hansa in Goa, with a Tupolev Tu-142 in the foreground.
 India
 Russia
 Soviet Union

Specifications (Il-38)

Data from Russian Navy at RIAT 1996[1]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ilyushin Il-38.
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Borst, Marco P.J. (Summer 1996). "Ilyushin IL-38 May- the Russian Orion" (pdf). Airborne Log (Lockheed): 8–9.
  2. 1 2 Lake 2005, p.31.
  3. 1 2 3 Lake 2005, p.32.
  4. ↑ Gordon 2004, p.92.
  5. 1 2 3 Lake 2005, p.36.
  6. ↑ Lake 2005, pp.32-33.
  7. ↑ http://lenta.ru/news/2010/02/19/il38sd/
  8. ↑ India navy planes collide in mid-air
  9. ↑ http://lenta.ru/news/2012/03/05/il38n/
  10. ↑ http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2081186
  11. ↑ http://sputniknews.com/military/20150923/1027429782.html#ixzz3mvps17Pn
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