La Loma tree frog
| Hyloscirtus colymba | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | Hyloscirtus |
| Species: | H. colymba |
| Binomial name | |
| Hyloscirtus colymba (Dunn, 1931) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Hyla colymba Dunn, 1931 | |
The La Loma tree frog (Hyloscirtus colymba) is a species of frog in the Hylidae family found in Costa Rica, Panama, and expected but not confirmed in Colombia.[2] Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland and montane forests, with breeding taking place in streams. It is threatened by habitat loss and chytridiomycosis.[1]
The common name refers to La Loma, its type locality on the trail between Chiriqui Lagoon and Boquete, in the Bocas del Toro Province of Panama.[2]
Description
This attractive, small, green or brown, stream-breeding frog has a faint orange or creamy eye stripe, with occasional dark flecking and webbed fingers and toes. Adult males are 31–37 mm long, while females can be larger, growing up to 39 mm. Adult males have a creamy colored mental gland on the chin, a pale bluish-green throat and a single gular sac, and no nuptial pads. It can be distinguished morphologically from Hyloscirtus palmeri, which lacks the eye stripe, and from Isthmohyla angustilineata, which has a stripe continuing to the groin area and no finger webbing.[3]
Larvae
Tadpoles are large and bronze colored, with large, irregular gold flecks, and can grow up to 37 mm long, and metamorphs are 17–19 mm. Larvae are well-equipped for grazing, with an inferior oral disc consisting of a beak and 6-7/7-10 denticle rows.[3] They tend to live in fast-flowing streams in rock piles, and are nocturnal.
Breeding
Males make high-pitched cricket-like chirps from beneath rocks and plants near swift-flowing streams, and stop calling at the slightest disturbance, making them very difficult to catch. Field observations from Pamama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project operations in Cerro Brewster found the males were unusually prominent when sick with chytridiomycosis.[4]
Conservation
Where extant, these frogs are probably more abundant than people realize, because of their highly secretive behavior. However, H. colymba adults have completely disappeared from stream sites in western Panama due to chytridiomycosis.[5] Tadpoles are also susceptible, exhibiting loss of keratinized mouthparts when infected.[5] Because they have now disappeared from much of their western chytridiomycosis-infected range, these frogs were ranked as high priority for ex situ conservation in an amphibian ark assessment.[6] An ex situ assurance colony has been established by the Panama Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Project based in Panama City, where the species was first bred in captivity in 2010.[7]
References
- 1 2 Frank Solís, Roberto Ibáñez, Gerardo Chaves, Jay Savage, César Jaramillo, Querube Fuenmayor, Federico Bolaños, Karen Lips (2008). "Hyloscirtus colymba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- 1 2 Frost, Darrel R.; The American Museum of Natural History (2014). "Hyloscirtus colymba (Dunn, 1931)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- 1 2 Savage, J. (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica, University of Chicago Press
- ↑ http://www.amphibianrescue.org (2010)Press release: Panama amphibian rescue challenged by rapid spread of chytrid fungus
- 1 2 Lips, K. R. (1999). "Mass mortality and population declines of anurans at an upland site in western Panama". Conservation Biology 13: 117–125. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97185.x. JSTOR 2641570.
- ↑ Amphibian Ark (2008) Species Prioritization, Panama. Downloaded on Nov 28, 2010
- ↑ http://www.amphibianrescue.org (2010)Rescue Project First To Breed Critically Endangered Tree Frog