Husino rebellion
| Husino rebellion | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Date | 21–28 December 1920 | ||
| Location | Husino, Tuzla, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | ||
| Parties to the civil conflict | |||
| |||
| Number | |||
| |||
| Casualties | |||
| Death(s) | 7 | ||
| Arrested | c. 400 | ||
Husino rebellion (Bosnian: Husinska buna) was a short-lived miners strike and armed rebellion against industrial slavery in the new, post-World War I state known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. 7,000 miners from Tuzla, Breza and Zenica in central Bosnia, participated in the strike. When the local government tried to force the miners back to work, they resisted with firearms and the uprising was put down with great violence. Seven workers were killed and four-hundred arrested. The uprising was put down, but its memory was preserved as part of Tuzla’s anti-authoritarian legacy.
The rebellion, named after the village Husino in Tuzla where it took place, has been called one of the most important historical events in the former Yugoslavia and has remained an example of class struggle against injustice and oppression.[1][2]
Etymology
Usually called Husinska buna in Bosnian, the event has been referred to in English as "Husino rebellion", Husino Uprising, "Husino Revolt", Uprising of Husino Village, or the Husino Miner's Revolt.
The name of the village Husino is attributed to either a man named Huso, an Ottoman who reigned on the area in the 15th century, or the name could derive from the word husa, which is an old Slavic word meaning trap or ambush.
Event
A miners' strike began on 21 December 1920 in Husino when the miners requested a rise of wages of 30-45% to counter the gallop inflation which had paralyzed the economy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (+60% between August and December 1920). Even with threats in the event of refusal of the authorities, the miners began a general strike. This very badly accommodated by the authorities who took radical measures to counter it. On the night of 27–28 December 1920, they sent a troop of 19 gendarmerie and police officers, who were ordered to evacuate the houses of the strikers in order to capture them and to counterbalance them, to Husino, which was then regarded as general headquarter of the strike movement.
The 7,000 miners, armed with simple stones and pickaxes, quickly decimated the gendarmes and police officers, which caused the anger of the authorities who sent two battalions of the army as well as heavy artillery and 50 gendarmes that same evening. Vis-à-vis the army, the miners had only one choice: to surrender and give up their requirements. The rebellion was choked in blood by the Yugoslav government and the miners and their families' homes were confiscated, women were raped, over 400 people were arrested and some were expatriated.
The uprising of the Husino village constitutes one of the most important and intense combats of the working class for its rights in ex-Yugoslavia.
Thirteen months later, the revolt got an epilogue in a trial conducted in Tuzla in January–February 1922. The indictment charged the c. 350 miners, including the leader of the uprising, Juro Kerošević, who was originally sentenced to death by hanging for allegedly killing gendarmerie officers. However, under pressure from domestic and international publicity the penalty was commuted to 20 years in prison.[3][4] 32 miners were sentenced to death and 10 other miners were penalized with prison time ranging from 1–15 months.
Aftermath
The steles of the victims installed in the municipal park of Husino testify still today to that dark time in the recent history of the village. A monument to memorialize the Husino miners was erected in 1956, showing a miner dropping his pick for a rifle.[5] In SFR Yugoslavia, 21 December was celebrated as Miners' Day throughout the country, because of the Husino Uprising. [6][7][8]
During the Bosnian War of the 1990s, a boot camp in Tuzla was named Husinska buna.
In February 2014, multiple Bosnian newspapers including Oslobođenje called the 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the "new Husino Uprising".[9][10][11][12]
In popular culture
A folk song called Konjuh planinom (Konjuh Mountain) was inspired by the uprising in the Husino village. It was first sung by Pejo Marković, who was killed in 1944 during World War II. Televizija Sarajevo produced a television film about the Husino Uprising called Husinska buna (Husino Rebellion, 1980).
See also
References
- ↑ "Husinska buna - Dan rudara Bosne i Hercegovine". Abras Media. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War; Page 125". Google Books. 1 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Zaboravljene vrijednosti: Dan rudara i Husinska buna". Slobodna Evropa. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Husinska buna u vremenu tranzicije". Novo vrijeme. 2 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Roots of Bosnian Protests Lie in Peace Accords of 1995". The New York Times. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "21. decembar - Dan rudara". BH Reporter. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Rudari BiH danas slave svoj dan". RTV Slon. 21 December 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Sjećanje na Husinsku bunu, najveću pobunu bosanskih rudara". depo. 21 December 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Bosansko proljeće: Počela je nova Husinska buna". Oslobođenje. 6 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Tuzlanska «nova Husinjska buna»". Vreme. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "Mediji u BiH: Nova Husinska buna". b92. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ↑ "'Počela je nova Husinska buna'". TPortal. 7 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.