Holden Astra

Holden Astra

Holden AH Astra CD 5-door Hatchback
Overview
Manufacturer Nissan (1984–1989)
Opel (General Motors (1996–2009, from 2015)[1]
Production 1984–1989
1995–2009
2015–

The Holden Astra is a compact car marketed by Holden in Australia. Spanning six generations, the original, Australia-only Astra of 1984 was a derivative of the locally produced Nissan Pulsar, as was the 1987 Astra. It was succeeded by the Holden Nova in 1989—another unique-to-Australia model line. From 1995, the Holden Astra name was used in New Zealand, for a badge engineered version of the Opel Astra, which had been sold locally as an Opel since 1993. The following year, Holden discontinued the Nova line in Australia in favour of the Opel-based Holden Astra. On 1 May 2014, Holden announced to import the Opel Astra J GTC and Opel Astra J OPC with Holden badges to Australia and New Zealand.[2][3]

First generation (LB, LC; 1984–1987)

First generation (LB, LC)
Overview
Also called Nissan Pulsar (N12)
Production 1984–1987
Body and chassis
Body style 5-door hatchback

The original Holden Astra, introduced in August 1984 as the LB series was a badge engineered Nissan Pulsar (N12). The Pulsar, a Japanese designed model, sold alongside the unique to Australia Astra line-up. The Pulsar for Australia was assembled in Clayton, Victoria; however, for the Astra the body panels were pressed at Holden's Elizabeth, South Australia facility. Unlike its Nissan counterpart, the Astra was only offered as a five-door hatchback, with the three-door hatchback and four-door sedan body styles omitted from the range due to fears they would overlap with Nissan's own Pulsar range. However, Holden's continuation of the Gemini sedan range was the nearest equivalent of this in the range.

1984–1986 Holden LB Astra SL/E

The only engine available was a Nissan-designed 1.5 litre engine, locally manufactured, this engine produced 52 kilowatts (70 hp) and 115 newton metres (85 ft·lbf) of torque. Transmission options were a five-speed manual or a three-speed automatic.

Compared to the N12 Pulsar, the Astra LB sported a distinctive grille, the work of Australian stylist Paul Beranger housing the Holden lion insignia in the centre. Also unique were Astra-only tail lamps, badging and decals.

A revised LC model was released in April 1986.[4] Unleaded-fuel requirements uprated the engine displacement to 1.6 litres, power by 0.6 kilowatts (0.80 hp) and torque to 124 newton metres (91 ft·lbf). Model and trim changes were also a part of the update, including a new grille insert, and the addition of an SL model positioned below the SL/X and SL/E levels.[5]

The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by Monash University, found that first generation Astras (LB/LC) provide a "significantly worse than average" level of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident.[6]

Specification levels

Two trim levels, the SL/X and the SL/E were offered in the LB Astra series, although a basic SL model arrived in 1986 with the LC upgrade.

Second generation (LD; 1987–1989)

Second generation (LD)
Overview
Also called Nissan Pulsar (N13)
Production 1987–1989
Body and chassis
Body style 5-door hatchback
1987–1989 Holden Astra (LD) SLX hatchback

For the second generation LD Astra, the Nissan Pulsar was again used as the basis, this time using the latest N13 series. Unlike before, the LD was the result of a proper joint venture development programme. That is, Nissan provided the bodywork and Holden supplied powertrains for fitment in both applications. Launched concurrently in July 1987, both the LD Astra and N13 Pulsar were offered in four-door sedan and five-door hatchback body styles. Outside of Australia though, three-door hatchback and station wagon body variants of the Nissan were also available.

Both 1.6 (55 kilowatts (74 hp); 135 newton metres (100 ft·lbf)) and 1.8 litre (79 kilowatts (106 hp); 151 newton metres (111 ft·lbf)) displacements of Holden's Family II engine were offered in the Astra-Pulsar models. Badged as "1.6-" and "1.8 injection", respectively, the term injection denoted the utilisation of fuel injection. In July 1989, all associations with Nissan were severed and a new agreement between Toyota was formed. This relationship, known as the United Australian Automobile Industries (UAAI) was a continuation of the Australian Government's Button Plan that started with Nissan. Nissan continued to use the Holden engines until 1991 before replacing their N13 Pulsar line with the N14, while at the same time entering a new model sharing alliance with Ford.

The Used Car Safety Ratings evaluation from 2008 found that LD series Astras provide a "worse than average" level of occupant protection in the event of an accident.[6]

Specification levels

Of the three trim specifications offered, the SLX and SLE nameplates no longer featured the "/" symbol, as in SL/X.[7] Besides this anomaly, the LD range mirrored that of the LC Astra:

HSV Astra SV1800

In September 1988, Holden Special Vehicles (HSV) launched the HSV Astra SV1800, which was a tuned version of the LD Astra. Most of the 65 or so examples employed the sedan body style. Upgrades from the standard Astra were limited to cosmetic and suspension changes, with both "Stage 1" and "Stage 2" suspension setups offered.[8]

Third generation (TR; 1995–1998)

Third generation (TR)

Holden Astra (TR) City hatchback
Overview
Also called Opel Astra
Opel Optima
Vauxhall Astra
Chevrolet Astra
Production 1995–1998
Body and chassis
Body style 4-door sedan
5-door hatchback
Holden Astra (TR) GL hatchback

In 1995, Holden began selling the Astra again in the New Zealand market as a four-door sedan and five-door hatchback. Imported from Vauxhall's Ellesmere Port plant in Cheshire, England, this third-generation Astra model known as the TR series, was derived from the Opel Astra F in Germany; Opel being another General Motors subsidiary.

Holden in Australia did not recommence the selling of Astras until September 1996,[9] after the dissolution of Australian Government Button car plan. This resulted in the collapse of UAAI, the Holden-Toyota alliance, and as result Holden opted to return to marketing rebadged General Motors vehicles. Between 1989 and 1996, the Astra's role was fulfilled by the Nova, Holden's version of Toyota's Corolla (E90 and E100). During this period of badge engineering in Australia, General Motors New Zealand had used Opel as one of its main marques alongside Holden and Isuzu. Because the Button plan or local equivalent never existed in New Zealand, the two initial generations of Holden Astra (LB/LC and LD) were thus never available in that market.

Like the two previous generations, TR Astras were assessed in the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings, and shown to provide an "average" level of protection.[6]

Specification levels

Fourth generation (TS; 1998–2005)

Fourth generation (TS)

2001–2004 Holden Astra CD 5-door
Overview
Also called Chevrolet Astra
Chevrolet Viva
Opel Astra
Vauxhall Astra
Production 1998–2005
Body and chassis
Body style 2-door convertible
3-door hatchback
4-door sedan
5-door hatchback
1998–1999 Holden Astra CD 5-door
2003–2004 Holden Astra SRi Turbo 3-door

In September 1998, the Astra was replaced again with a German Opel-engineered, Belgium-built version.[10] Known as the TS Astra, it was equipped with either a 90-kilowatt (120 hp) 1.8- or a 2.2-litre petrol engine and was offered in City, CD, CDXi, SXi and SRi specifications. The SRi was three-door hatchback only, and the standard Astra was only available with a 1.8-litre 16-valve engine. Models with a 5-stud wheel pattern have the ABS option factory-installed. The Astra CD gained 15-inch alloy wheels as standard equipment in circa 1999, replacing the steel wheels with hubcaps previously standard.

The TS Astra model change followed that of the Opel Astra G range, including the sedan, hatchback and convertible. However, the coupé by Bertone was not offered with a Holden badge. The drivetrain was identical to other cars in the Astra lineup, and as such, was not a bona-fide sports car. Like the Astra F, the Astra G was available as a wagon in New Zealand, but not Australia. In 2003, a 147-kilowatt (197 hp) 2.0-litre turbo engine became available. The standard Astra was only available with a 1.8-litre 16-valve engine, and lived on until 2005 as the Holden Astra Classic, alongside the new model. The philosophy behind this was for Holden to remain competitive in the market until the cheaper Viva model was introduced.

In accordance to the Monash University's 2008 update to the Used Car Safety Ratings, TS Astra models were rated "better than average" in the field of crash safety protection.[6]

Specification levels

2005–2006 Holden Astra convertible
Interior
Limited editions

Fifth generation (AH; 2004–2009)

Fifth generation (AH)
Overview
Also called Chevrolet Astra
Chevrolet Vectra
Opel Astra
Saturn Astra
Vauxhall Astra
HSV VXR
Production 2004–2009
Body and chassis
Body style 2-door coupé convertible
3-door hatchback
5-door hatchback
5-door station wagon
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,614 mm (102.9 in) (5-door hatchback)
Length 4,249 mm (167.3 in) (5-door hatchback)
Width 1,753 mm (69.0 in) (5-door hatchback)
Height 1,460 mm (57 in) (5-door hatchback)

The fifth generation AH Astra, based on the T-platform Opel Astra H came in November 2004[11] as a five-door hatchback only, manufactured in Belgium, selling alongside a now Polish-built Astra TS sedan and hatchback. The sedan and hatchback TS Astra models carried "Astra Classic" badges, but were finally dropped in late 2005, replaced by the Holden Viva, a rebadged Daewoo Lacetti. Between 2003 and 2004, the Lacetti was marketed in Australia as a Daewoo before Holden withdrew the brand from Australia due to unsustainable sales.

Like the previous generation, the AH series was found to provides a "better than average" level of safety according to the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings.[6] At launch, AH Astras came with front- and side-impact airbags as standard inclusions, allowing the Astra to receive a four-star ANCAP crash safety rating. Higher-specified models were able to achieve the full five-stars due to the addition of standard safety equipment.

Holden suspended importation of the Astra on 20 April 2009, citing currency fluctuations and commodity price issues.[12] Holden's import cessation, which resulted in no Astras arriving during June and July 2009, coincided with the introduction of the Holden Cruze, reported to be the direct replacement for the Holden Viva.[13] On 31 August 2009, Holden confirmed that the cessation of Astra imports will remain of a permanent basis, with no intention of further imports of either the then current AH series or the next generation car. Holden stated their small car efforts would be focused on the Cruze.[14]

Model year changes

Specification levels

Special editions

HSV VXR

HSV VXR

The Opel Astra OPC (even though its donning Vauxhall's V-grille and VXR badge) was marketed in Australia as the HSV VXR by Holden Special Vehicles from 2006 to 2009, fitted with the Z20LEH engine. In July 2008, HSV released a "Nürburgring" special edition.

A HSV VXR Turbo driven by Dutchman Ivo Breukers and Australians Morgan Haber and Damian Ward, won Class E for "Production (Performance)" cars at the 2013 Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 Hour in Australia on 10 February. The trio finished 18th outright and covered 229 laps of the 6.213 km (3.861 mi) Mount Panorama Circuit, a total distance of 1,422.77 km (884 mi).

Sixth generation (PJ; 2015–2016)

Sixth generation

Holden Astra GTC Sport (PJ)
Overview
Also called Opel Astra
Vauxhall Astra
Production May 2015-late 2016
Assembly Gliwice, Poland
Body and chassis
Body style 3-door hatchback
Platform Delta II platform
Related Buick Verano
Cadillac ELR
Holden Cruze
Holden Volt
Holden Cascada
Opel Zafira Tourer
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,675 mm (105.3 in)
Length 4,466 mm (175.8 in)
Width 2,020 mm (79.5 in)
Height 1,482 mm (58.3 in)

The sixth generation Astra is based on General Motors' Delta II platform and went on sale in 2015. The same car was part of a failed attempt by Opel to establish itself in Australia between 2012 and 2013.[15]

The range included only the Astra GTC and VXR three-door hatchbacks, sold at significant lower prices than the preceding Opel models.[16] The VXR featured a turbocharged 2.0 L direct injection engine with a power of 206 kW (280 PS; 276 hp) and torque of 400 N·m (300 lb·ft).

Seventh generation (2016–)

Holden announced in early 2015 that the fifth-generation Opel Astra will be sold in Australia,[17] from 2016[18] with the Holden Cruze's future uncertain. In late 2015, Holden announced that the Astra and second-generation Cruze will be sold alongside each other.[19]

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holden Astra.
  1. "Holden Adds Performance Opel Models To Vehicle Lineup". GM Authority.
  2. "Opel to Build Vehicles for Holden in Australia and New Zealand". media.gm.com.
  3. Carscoop Carscoop (1 May 2014). "Holden to Bring Astra VXR, Cascada and Insignia VXR to Australia and New Zealand". Carscoops.
  4. "Holden Astra LC Astra 1986–1987". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  5. The Red Book Identification Manual, May 1987, page 65
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Used Car Safety Ratings 2008" (PDF). Monash University. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
  7. Bebbington (1998), p. 151. "SLX and SLE nameplates no longer featured the '/' symbol (as in SL/E)."
  8. Bebbington (1998), p. 151. "Late in 1988, HSV offered the SV1800 [...] which featured suspension and body enhancements. Available in stages 1 or 2, these were some of HSV's few four-cylinder variants."
  9. "Holden Astra TR Astra 1996–1998". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  10. "Holden Astra TS Astra 1998–2004". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  11. "Holden Astra AH Astra 2004–2007". Goauto.com.au. Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  12. "Holden suspends Astra imports". Australian Car Advice. 24 April 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  13. Blackburn, Richard (20 April 2009). "Holden to ditch Astra?". Drive. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  14. Pettendy, Marton (31 August 2009). "European Astra skips Australia". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
  15. "Opel Australia closure: how it happened and where to from here". CarAdvice.com.au.
  16. Aiden Taylor. "2015 Holden Astra GTC and VXR - new car sales price". CarsGuide.
  17. "2017 Holden Astra spy pics". WheelsMag.com.au.
  18. "New Holden Astra revealed, 2016 launch confirmed". WheelsMag.com.au.
  19. "2017 Holden Cruze, 2017 Holden Astra competing for hearts, wallets". WheelsMag.com.au.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Monday, January 18, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.