Holbeach

For the place where the 1605 Gunpowder plot was foiled, see Holbeche House.
Holbeach

Mosaic in Holbeach
Holbeach
 Holbeach shown within Lincolnshire
Population 10,458 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceTF358248
   – London 85 mi (137 km)  S
DistrictSouth Holland
Shire countyLincolnshire
RegionEast Midlands
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town SPALDING
Postcode district PE12
Dialling code 01406
Police Lincolnshire
Fire Lincolnshire
Ambulance East Midlands
EU Parliament East Midlands
UK ParliamentSouth Holland and The Deepings
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire

Coordinates: 52°48′13″N 0°00′55″E / 52.8037°N 0.0154°E / 52.8037; 0.0154

Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) from Spalding; 17 miles (27 km) from Boston; 20 miles (32 km) from King's Lynn; 23 miles (37 km) from Peterborough; and 43 miles (69 km) by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515.

The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate.[2]

History

A number of Roman and Romano-British pottery finds have been made in and about the town.[3]

The town's market charter was awarded in 1252 to Thomas de Moulton, a local baron. All Saints' Church was built in the 14th century and the porch, which was built around 1700, probably incorporated parts of de Moulton's ruined castle.[4] The associated All Saints' Hospital, for a warden and fifteen poor persons, was founded by Sir John of Kirton, in 1351. It had ceased to exist before the suppression of chantries and hospitals. The antiquarian William Stukeley reported that his father removed the ruins from the site now occupied by the Chequers Inn.[5]

Until the beginning of the 17th century, the sea came to within 2 miles (3.2 km) of the town and there were severe floods recorded in the 13th and 16th centuries. The land drainage programmes that followed moved the coastline of the Wash to 9 miles (14 km) away, leaving Holbeach surrounded by more than 23,000 acres (93 km2) of reclaimed fertile agricultural land. In 1615, nominees of the Earl of Argyll were entitled to land which was reclaimed from the sea in Wigtoft, Moulton, Whaplode, Holbeach and Tydd St Mary. The Earl paid for the work, but differences of opinion stalled the project after 1634.[6] Further enclosure of marshes were recorded in 1660, in Gedney, Whaplode, Holbeach and Moulton.[7] The work included the building of an embankment, and resulted in 9,798 acres (39.65 km2) being added to Holbeach parish. A second embankment was built under the provisions of the South Holland Embankment Act (1793), and added another 2,059 acres (8.33 km2). Following unsuccessful attempts in the 1830s, the rest of Holbeach Marsh was enclosed in 1840. The project was directed by Mr Millington, and the total area added to the parish by all these enclosures was 12,390 acres (50.1 km2).[8]

The Spalding and Norwich Railway, (later incorporated in the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway), opened Holbeach railway station in 1862. Like the rest of the M&GN route it closed to passengers in 1959 (before the Beeching Axe) and the line closed entirely in 1965.[9]

The 19th century also saw the building of several small churches, including a Wesleyan chapel, built on Chapel Street in 1808,[10] and a Baptist chapel, which was built on Albert Street in 1845 using red brick and colourwashed render.[11]

The Second World War defences constructed at nearby Lawyers Creek comprise a number of pillboxes including the rare Ruck machine gun post.[12]

Geography

All Saints' churchyard
Holbeach signpost

The name "Holbeach" also applies to the civil parish of Holbeach. The parish is one of the largest by area in England, and extends from Cambridgeshire to the Wash, measuring 16 miles (26 km) north to south, and about 4 miles (6.4 km) east to west. The total population of the parish is almost 24,000 with approximately 5,000 in Holbeach town.

With the town of Holbeach proper, the name is found in a number of villages in the Lincolnshire Fens: Holbeach Bank, Holbeach Clough, Holbeach Drove, Holbeach Fen, Holbeach Hurn, Holbeach St Johns, Holbeach St Marks and Holbeach St Matthew. This repetition of a name for a collection of close-lying villages is not unknown in the Fens: Gedney, Tydd, and Walpole are other examples. Holbeach itself has the most inhabitants and services compared to the villages surrounding it which incorporate its name.

The drainage of land around Holbeach is now the responsibility of the South Holland Internal Drainage Board,[13] part of the Water Management Alliance, formerly known as the King’s Lynn Consortium of Internal Drainage Boards.

Economy

Much of the economy has been based on food processing and bulb growing. The United Kingdom's largest supplier of tulip and daffodil bulbs is situated to the north of the town and flour milling continues at Barrington Mill.[14]

Community

Local public houses are the Horse & Groom, the Mansion House and Chequers Hotel on High Street, the Crown Hotel on West Street and the String of Horses on Boston Road South. The Station Inn, Red Lion, the Exchange and the Black Bull on Fleet Street have closed.

The Royal Air Force maintains a bombing range, known officially as RAF Holbeach, on salt marshland at the coast of Holbeach parish, near the village of Gedney Drove End. The RAF station is situated approximately 11 miles (18 km) north west of Holbeach town centre.

The town is served by the local South Holland radio station Tulip Radio from nearby Spalding.

Education

There are two primary schools in Holbeach – Holbeach Primary School and William Stukeley Church of England Primary School.

The local secondary school on Park Road was called the George Farmer Technology & Language College. In September 2011 it became the University Academy Holbeach.

Holbeach is the base for a campus of the University of Lincoln, redeveloped in 2004 on the Park Road site of the former Holbeach Agricultural Centre and now known as Holbeach Technology Park. The campus specialises in food manufacturing technology.[15]

Sport

The local football club is Holbeach United, founded in 1929. The team plays in the United Counties League, part of the English football league system, and are known as the Tigers in reference to 'Fen Tigers', 18th-century local people who adopted guerrilla tactics in an attempt to stop the destruction of their way of life through the draining of the Fens.

Speedway racing took place at nearby Bell End. Details of the events are sketchy and some reports suggest the venue had grass-surfaced straights and dirt-surfaced bends. The venue is known to have operated in the immediate post-war era.

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Parish population 2011". Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  2. ↑ Greenwich Meridian
  3. ↑ "Archaeological Implications of the Reappraisal of Holbeach Conservation Area" (PDF). South Holland District Council. p. 1. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  4. ↑ Historic England. "Church of All Saints (1064486)". National Heritage List for England.
  5. ↑ "National Monument Record for the medieval hospital".
  6. ↑ Darby 1956, p. 44.
  7. ↑ Darby 1956, p. 82.
  8. ↑ Wheeler 1896, pp. 123–124.
  9. ↑ "National Monument Record for Railway station".
  10. ↑ "Holbeach Parish Plan" (PDF). 2008. p. 27. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  11. ↑ Historic England. "Baptist Chapel, Albert Street (1308789)". National Heritage List for England.
  12. ↑ Foot 2006, pp. 150–155.
  13. ↑ "South Holland IDB web presence".
  14. ↑ Smiths Flour Mills website
  15. ↑ "College web site".
  16. ↑ "Sporting glory days remembered", This is Lincolnshire. Retrieved 24 October 2011
  17. ↑ Holbeach Parish Plan 2088. Communitylincs.com. Retrieved 24 October 2011

Further reading

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, January 16, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.