Hessdalen lights

The Hessdalen lights are unexplained nocturnal lights observed in a 7.5-mile-long (12 km) Hessdalen valley in rural central Norway.[1]

History and description

The Hessdalen lights are of unknown origin. They appear at night, and seem to float through and above the valley. They are usually bright white, yellow, or red and can appear above and below the horizon. The duration of the phenomenon may be from a few seconds to longer than an hour. Sometimes the lights move with enormous speed, and at other times, seem to slowly sway back and forth. On yet other occasions, they hover mid‑air. Some hypothesise that the light is ionised iron dust.

Unusual lights have been reported in the region since at least the 1930s.[2] Especially high activity occurred between December 1981 and mid-1984, at which point the lights were being observed 15–20 times per week, which attracted many overnight tourists.[3] As of 2010, the lights were observed 10–20 times per year.

Research

Since 1983, there has been ongoing scientific research often nicknamed "Project Hessdalen", initiated by UFO-Norge and UFO-Sweden. The project was active as field investigations during 1983–1985. A group of students, engineers, and journalists collaborated as "The Triangle Project" in 1997–1998 and recorded the lights in a pyramid shape that bounced up and down.[4][5] In 1998, the Hessdalen Automatic Measurement Station (Hessdalen AMS) was built in the valley and registers and records the appearance of lights.

Later, the EMBLA programme was initiated. It brings together established scientists and students into researching these lights. Leading research institutions are Østfold University College (Norway) and the Italian National Research Council.

Hypotheses

Despite the ongoing research, there is no convincing explanation for the phenomenon. However, there are numerous working hypotheses.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Leone, Matteo (2003). "A rebuttal of the EMBLA 2002 report on the optical survey in Hessdalen" (PDF). Comitato Italiano per il Progetto Hessdalen. pp. 1–29. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-02-07.
  2. Zanotti, Ferruccio; Di Giuseppe, Massimiliano; Serra, Romano. "Hessdalen 2003: Luci Misteriose in Norvegia" (PDF) (in Italian). Comitato Italiano per il Progetto Hessdalen. pp. 4–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-01-04.
  3. Pāvils, Gatis (2010-10-10). "Hessdalen lights". Wondermondo. Archived from the original on 2015-07-02.
  4. Ballester Olmos, Vicente‑Juan; Brænne, Ole Jonny (2008). "11 October 1997". Norway in UFO Photographs: The First Catalogue. FOTOCAT 4. Torino: UPIAR. p. 94. LCCN 2010388262. OCLC 713018022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-29.
  5. Olsen, Andreas, ed. (1998). "The Triangle Project". Archived from the original on 2002-10-17.
  6. Johansen, Karl Hans (2007-07-16). "Fenomenet Hessdalen" (in Norwegian). Norsk rikskringkasting. Archived from the original on 2015-07-03.
  7. Hauge, Bjørn Gitle (2007). Optical spectrum analysis of the Hessdalen phenomenon (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-08-30.
  8. 1 2 Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, Carlton A. (2010). "A hypothetical dusty plasma mechanism of Hessdalen lights". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 72 (16): 1200–1203. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2010.07.022. ISSN 1364-6826. OCLC 5902956691. (subscription required (help)).
  9. 1 2 Teodorani, Massimo (2004). "A Long-Term Scientific Survey of the Hessdalen Phenomenon" (PDF). Journal of Scientific Exploration (Petaluma, California) 18 (2): 217–251. ISSN 0892-3310. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-28.
  10. Johnston, Hamish (2007-08-15). "Helices swirl in space-dust simulations". Physics World. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28.
  11. Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, Carlton A. (2011). "Hessdalen Lights and Piezoelectricity from Rock Strain" (PDF). Journal of Scientific Exploration (Petaluma, California: Society for Scientific Exploration) 25 (2): 265–271. ISSN 0892-3310. OCLC 761916772. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-28.
  12. Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, Carlton A. (2012). "Cluster formation in Hessdalen lights". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar‑Terrestrial Physics 80: 336–339. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2012.02.020. ISSN 1364-6826. OCLC 4934033386. (subscription required (help)).
  13. Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, Carlton A. (2011). "Color Distribution of Light Balls in Hessdalen Lights Phenomenon". Journal of Scientific Exploration 25 (4): 735–746. ISSN 0892-3310.
  14. Chamberlain, J.W., Physics of the Aurora and Air-glow (Academic Press Inc. , New York, 1961)
  15. Mehr, F J; Biondi, M A (1969). "Electron temperature dependence of recombination O2+ and N2+ ions with electrons". Phys. Rev. 181: 264–271.
  16. Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, C. A. (2012). "A mechanism to explain the spectrum of Hessdalen Lights phenomenon". Met. Atm. Phys. 117: 1–4. doi:10.1007/s00703-012-0197-5.
  17. Paiva, Gerson S.; Taft, C. A (2011). "Color Distribution of Light Balls in Hessdalen Lights Phenomenon". J. Sc. Expl. 25: 735.

External links

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