Hertfordshire

Hertfordshire
County
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Trust and fear not"
Hertfordshire shown within England
Coordinates: 51°54′N 0°12′W / 51.9°N 0.2°W / 51.9; -0.2Coordinates: 51°54′N 0°12′W / 51.9°N 0.2°W / 51.9; -0.2
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	East
Established	Ancient
Ceremonial county
Lord Lieutenant	Dione Grimston
High Sheriff	Fiona Trenchard
Area	1,643 km2 (634 sq mi)
– Ranked	36th of 48
Population (mid-2014 est.)	1,119,800
– Ranked	13th of 48
Density	682/km2 (1,770/sq mi)
Ethnicity	80.8% White British 1.5% White Irish 0.1% White Gypsy or Irish Traveller 5.1% Other White 0.8% White & Black Caribbean 0.3% White & Black African 0.8% White & Asian 0.6% Other Mixed 2.6% Indian 1.1% Pakistani 0.5% Bangladeshi 0.8% Chinese 1.6% Other Asian 1.8% Black African 0.8% Black Caribbean 0.3% Other Black 0.2% Arab 0.4% Other
Non-metropolitan county
County council	Hertfordshire County Council
Executive	Conservative
Admin HQ	Hertford
Area	1,643 km2 (634 sq mi)
– Ranked	26th of 27
Population	1,119,800
– Ranked	6th of 27
Density	682/km2 (1,770/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2	GB-HRT
ONS code	26
GSS code	E10000015
NUTS	UKH23
Website	www.hertfordshire.gov.uk
Districts of Hertfordshire
Districts	Three Rivers Watford Hertsmere Welwyn Hatfield Broxbourne East Hertfordshire Stevenage North Hertfordshire St Albans Dacorum
Members of Parliament	List of MPs
Police	Hertfordshire Constabulary
Time zone	GMT (UTC)
– Summer (DST)	BST (UTC+1)

Hertfordshire (ⁱ/ˈhɑːrtfərdʃɪər/^{[n 1]}; abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south.

Four towns have between 50,000 and 100,000 residents: Hemel Hempstead, Stevenage, Watford and St Albans. The county town, Hertford, once the main market town for the medieval agricultural county ranks 13th in population today deriving its name from a hart (stag) and a ford used as the components of the county's coat of arms and flag. Elevations are high for the region in the north and west. These reach over 240m in the western projection around Tring which is in the Chilterns. The county's borders are approximately the watersheds of the Colne and Lea, which flow southwards each accompanied by a canal. Hertfordshire is at the edge of the London Basin and most of its undeveloped land is agricultural and protected as Metropolitan Green Belt. The volume of intact medieval and Tudor buildings surpasses London, in places in well-preserved conservation areas, especially in St Albans which includes some remains of Verulamium, the town where in the third century AD an early recorded British martyrdom took place. Saint Alban, a Romano-British soldier, took the place of a Christian priest and was beheaded on Holywell Hill. His martyr's cross of a yellow saltire on a blue background is reflected in the flag and coat of arms of Hertfordshire.

The county's landmarks span many centuries, ranging from the six 'Hills', next to the New Town of Stevenage built by inhabitants during the Roman Britain centuries, to Leavesden Film Studios. Leavesden filmed much of the UK-based $7.7 Bn box office Harry Potter film series and has the country's studio tour. The largest sector of the economy of the county is services and it has a large proportion of residents who are City of London commuters. Ten railway lines and three motorways pass through or reach into the county.

In 2013, the county had a population of 1,140,700^[1] living in an area of 634 square miles (1,640 km²).^[2]

History

Hertfordshire was the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature in many county emblems.

There is evidence of humans living in Hertfordshire from the Mesolithic period. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.

Following the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43, the aboriginal Catuvellauni quickly submitted and adapted to the Roman life; resulting in the development of several new towns, including Verulamium (St Albans) where in c. 293 the first recorded British martyrdom is traditionally believed to have taken place. Saint Alban, a Romano-British soldier, took the place of a Christian priest and was beheaded on Holywell Hill. His martyr's cross of a yellow saltire on a blue background is reflected in the flag and coat of arms of Hertfordshire as the yellow background to the stag or Hart representing the county. He is the Patron Saint of Hertfordshire.

With the departure of the Roman Legions in the early 5th century, the now unprotected territory was invaded and colonised by the Anglo-Saxons. By the 6th century the majority of the modern county was part of the East Saxon kingdom. This relatively short lived kingdom collapsed in the 9th century, ceding the territory of Hertfordshire to the control of the West Anglians of Mercia. The region finally became an English shire in the 10th century, on the merger of the West Saxon and Mercian kingdoms.

A century later the victorious William of Normandy received the surrender of the surviving senior English Lords and Clergy, at Berkhamsted, resulting in a new Anglicised title of William the Conqueror. He then embarked on an uncontested entry into London and coronation at Westminster.

After the Norman conquest, Hertfordshire was used for some of the new Norman castles at Bishop's Stortford and at the royal residence of Berkhamsted and at King's Langley, a staging post between London and the royal residence of Berkhamsted.

The Domesday Book recorded the county as having nine hundreds. Tring and Danais became one—Dacorum—from Danis Corum or Danish rule harking back to a Viking not Saxon past. The other seven were Braughing, Broadwater, Cashio, Edwinstree, Hertford, Hitchin and Odsey.

As London grew, Hertfordshire became conveniently close to the English capital; much of the area was owned by the nobility and aristocracy, this patronage helped to boost the local economy. However, the greatest boost to Hertfordshire came during the Industrial Revolution, after which the population rose dramatically. In 1903, Letchworth became the world's first garden city and Stevenage became the first town to redevelop under the New Towns Act 1946.

From the 1920s until the late 1980s, the town of Borehamwood was home to one of the major British film studio complexes, including the MGM-British Studios. Many well-known films were made here including the first three Star Wars movies (IV, V, & VI). The studios generally used the name of Elstree (the adjoining village). American director Stanley Kubrick not only used to shoot in those studios but also lived in the area until his death. In more recent times, Elstree has had the likes of Big Brother UK and Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? filmed there, whilst EastEnders is also filmed at the studios. Also Hertfordshire has seen development in other film studio complexes, Leavesden Film Studios were developed on the Leavesden Aerodome site, north of Watford. The Harry Potter series was filmed at the studios, whilst the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye was also filmed there.^[3]

On 17 October 2000, the Hatfield rail crash killed four people with 170 injured. The crash exposed the shortcomings of Railtrack, which consequently saw speed restrictions and major track replacement. On 10 May 2002, the second of the Potters Bar rail accidents occurred killing seven people; the train was at high speed when it derailed and flipped into the air when one of the carriages slid along the platform where it came to rest.

In early December 2005, the 2005 Hemel Hempstead fuel depot explosions occurred at the Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal.

In 2012, the canoe and kayak slalom events of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games took place in the town of Waltham Cross, within the borough of Broxbourne.

Following a proposal put forward by The Welwyn Garden Heritage Trust, town-planner Andrés Duany has suggested that designated "Garden Villages" could be built within Hertfordshire to relieve some of the pressure for new homes, with perhaps a third Garden City to follow.

Geography

Hertfordshire is the county immediately north of London and is part of the East of England region, a mainly statistical unit.^[4] A significant minority of the population across all districts are City of London commuters. To the east is Essex, to the west is Buckinghamshire and to the north are Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.

The county's boundaries were roughly fixed by the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 which eliminated exclaves; amended when, in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963, East Barnet Urban District and Barnet Urban District were abolished, their area was transferred to form part of the present-day London Borough of Barnet and the Potters Bar Urban District of Middlesex was transferred to Hertfordshire.

The highest point in the county is at 245m (AOD) on the Ridgeway long distance national path, on the border of Hastoe near Tring with Drayton Beauchamp, Buckinghamshire.

As at the 2011 census of the ten Districts, East Hertfordshire had the minimal, 290 people per km², whereas Watford had the maximal 4210 people per km²

An unofficial status, the purple star-shaped flower with yellow stamens, the Pasqueflower is among endemic county flowers.^[5]

Geology

The rocks of Hertfordshire belong to the great shallow syncline known as the London Basin. The beds dip in a south-easterly direction towards the syncline's lowest point roughly under the River Thames. The most important formations are the Cretaceous Chalk, exposed as the high ground in the north and west of the county, forming the Chiltern Hills and the younger Palaeocene, Reading Beds and Eocene, London Clay which occupy the remaining southern part. The eastern half of the county was covered by glaciers during the Ice Age and has a superficial layer of glacial boulder clays.

Natural resources and environment

Despite the spread of built areas, much of the county is given over to agriculture. One product, now largely defunct, was water-cress, based in Hemel Hempstead and Berkhamsted supported by reliable, clean chalk rivers.

Some quarrying of sand and gravel occurs in the St Albans area. In the past, clay has supplied local brick-making and still does in Bovingdon, just south-west of Hemel Hempstead. The chalk that is the bedrock of much of the county provides an aquifer that feeds streams and is also exploited to provide water supplies for much of the county and beyond. Chalk has also been used as a building material and, once fired, the resultant lime was spread on agricultural land to improve fertility. The mining of chalk since the early 18th century has left unrecorded underground galleries that occasionally collapse unexpectedly and endanger buildings.^[6]

Fresh water is supplied to London from Ware, using the New River built by Hugh Myddleton and opened in 1613. Local rivers, although small, supported developing industries such as paper production at Nash Mills.

Hertfordshire affords habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. One bird common in the shire is the Royston crow, which is the eponymous name of the regional newspaper, the Royston Crow published in Royston.

Urban areas

In November 2013, the uSwitch Quality of Life Index listed Hertfordshire as the third-best place to live in the UK.^[7]

Economy

This is a table of trends of regional gross value added of Hertfordshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.^[8]

Year	Regional Gross Value Added[n 2]	Agriculture[n 3]	Industry[n 4]	Services[n 5]
1995	11,742	96	3,292	8,354
2000	18,370	77	4,138	14,155
2003	20,937	82	4,348	16,507

Hertfordshire has headquarters of many large well-known UK companies. Tesco, the UK's largest employer, is based in Cheshunt. Hemel Hempstead is home to DSG International. Welwyn Garden City hosts Roche UK's headquarters (subsidiary of the Swiss pharmaceutical firm Hoffman-La Roche) and Cereal Partners production facilities, Pure the DAB radio maker is based in Kings Langley. JD Wetherspoon is in Watford. Comet and Skanska are in Rickmansworth, GlaxoSmithKline has plants in Ware and Stevenage. Hatfield used to be connected with the aircraft industry, as it was where de Havilland developed the world's first commercial jet liner, the Comet. Now the site is a business park and new campus for the University of Hertfordshire. This major new employment site is home to, among others, EE, Computacenter and Ocado. A subsidiary of BAE Systems, EADS and Finmeccanica in Stevenage, MBDA, develops missiles. In the same town EADS Astrium produces satellites. The National Pharmacy Association (NPA), the trade association for all of the UK's community pharmacies, is based in St. Albans. Warner Bros. also owns and runs Warner Studios in Leavesden.

Landmarks

Below is a list of notable visitor attractions in Hertfordshire:

• Aldenham Country Park
• Ashridge. The estate surrounding the neo-Gothic house by James Wyatt (not open to the public) is National Trust land
  • Bridgewater Monument built in 1832 in memory of Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater. 108 feet (33 m) tall and open to the public to ascend to the top
• Berkhamsted Castle
• Butterfly World, Chiswell Green
• Cedars Park, Broxbourne – a historic public park on the site of a Tudor palace
• de Havilland Aircraft Heritage Centre, between London Colney and South Mimms
• Gardens of the Rose, Chiswell Green, near St Albans. Home of the Royal National Rose Society
• Hatfield
  • Hatfield House – Jacobean house, gardens and park
  • Mill Green Watermill in Hatfield
• Henry Moore Foundation, Much Hadham – sculpture park on the work of Henry Moore
• Knebworth House, 250 acres (1.0 km²) of country park, venue of regular rock and pop festivals
• Leavesden Film Studios, home of the Warner Bros. Making of Harry Potter studio tour
• Letchworth Garden City World's first Garden City. Home of the first planned Green Belt, the UK's first roundabout, and a number of experiments in early town planning and house and factory design
  • Spirella Building
• Magic Roundabout (Hemel Hempstead) a complex road junction
• Royston Cave – in Royston town centre
• Rye House Gatehouse in Hoddesdon (part of the Rye House Plot to assassinate King Charles II)
• St Albans
  • Beech Bottom Dyke – large scale iron age defensive or boundary ditch
  • Sopwell Nunnery
  • St Albans Cathedral
  • Verulamium – Roman town remains, including museum of Roman life and the remains of a Roman amphitheatre
• Scott's Grotto, Ware in its protected rural buffer area
• Shaw's Corner, Ayot St Lawrence – home of George Bernard Shaw
• Stevenage – the first UK New Town
  • Six Hills Roman barrows site
• Therfield Heath – a local nature reserve in the north of the county
• University of Hertfordshire – a public research university based in Hatfield
• Welwyn Viaduct to the north of Welwyn Garden City
• Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum, Tring a museum-annotated collection of dead mammals, birds, reptiles and insects.
• Watford Museum, fine art and local artefacts

Main national footpaths

• The Ridgeway
• Icknield Way
• Grand Union Canal Walk
• Harcamlow Way
• Hertfordshire Way

Intra-county notable footpaths

• Hertfordshire Chain Walk

Transport

Hertfordshire lies across major road and rail routes connecting London to the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland. As one of the home counties, many towns in the county form part of the London commuter belt.

The county has some of the principal roads in England: A1, A1(M), A5, A6, A41, M1, M11, and M25.

Four principal national railway lines pass through the county:

• the West Coast Main Line from London Euston. London Midland provides local commuter and regional services in the far west of the county. Virgin Trains also operates high speed inter-city services via Watford Junction to the Midlands, North Wales, the North West England and Scotland
• the East Coast Main Line from London Kings Cross. Local commuter and regional services are provided by Great Northern. Virgin Trains East Coast runs high speed inter-city services via Stevenage to Yorkshire, North East England and Scotland
• the Midland Main Line which forms part of the Thameslink route between Bedford and Brighton via Central London with services are provided by Thameslink. East Midlands Trains also provide inter-city services along the line from London St. Pancras to the East Midlands and Yorkshire
• the West Anglia Main Line from London Liverpool Street. Local commuter and regional services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia mainly in the east of the county

A number of other local rail routes also cross Hertfordshire:

• the London to Aylesbury Line from London Marylebone runs via Rickmansworth and Chorleywood
• the Abbey Line, a local line from Watford to St Albans Abbey
• the Cambridge Line, a branch of the East Coast line which runs via Royston and Letchworth to Cambridge

Three commuter lines operated by Transport for London enter the county:

• the Lea Valley Lines, a suburban metro line from Liverpool Street to Cheshunt via Seven Sisters
• the Watford DC Line, a suburban metro line from Euston to Watford Junction
• five stations on the London Underground Metropolitan line— Chorleywood, Croxley, Moor Park, Rickmansworth and Watford — are in Hertfordshire.

Stansted and Luton are within 10 miles (16 km) of the county's borders. A commercial airfield is at Elstree for light aircraft.

The Grand Union Canal passes through much of the far west of Hertfordshire: Rickmansworth, Watford, Hemel Hempstead, Berkhamsted and Tring.

Local bus services are run by a number of private operators. Intalink is an organisation run by the county council that manages transport and funds bus services in rural areas.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transport in Hertfordshire.

Education

Hertfordshire has 26 independent schools and 73 state secondary schools. The state secondary schools are entirely comprehensive, although 7 schools in the south and southwest of the county are partially selective (see Education in Watford). All state schools have sixth forms, and there are no sixth form colleges. The tertiary colleges, each with multiple campuses, are Hertford Regional College, North Hertfordshire College, Oaklands College and West Herts College. The University of Hertfordshire is a modern university based largely in Hatfield. It has more than 23,000 students.

Literature

Hertfordshire is the location of Jack Worthing's country house in Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest.

Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice is primarily set in Hertfordshire. Topographical scholars place the town of Meryton either as Hertford or Hemel Hempstead, based on how far Mr Collins travels on the post from Watford, in either an easterly or westerly direction. The former location places the Bennet family home Longbourn as the town of Ware.

The location of Mr Jarndyce's Bleak House in Charles Dickens's Bleak House is near St. Albans in Hertfordshire.

The eponymous residence in E. M. Forster's novel, Howards End was based on Rooks Nest House just outside Stevenage. In the novel, Forster describes Hertfordshire as "England at its quietest".^[9]

George Orwell based his book Animal Farm on the village of Wallington, Hertfordshire where he lived between 1936 and 1940. Manor Farm and The Great Barn both feature in the novel.

Notable residents

Acclaimed seventeenth-century poet and romance writer Hester Pulter was a resident of Broadfield, Hertfordshire.^[10] The town of Berkhamsted was home to the Christian poet and hymn-writer William Cowper and to novelist Graham Greene. American composer Jeff Wayne (his musical version of The War of the Worlds) resides in Hertfordshire. Hertfordshire was the origin of the only English pope, Pope Adrian IV, and Cecil Rhodes, the founder of the southern African territory of Rhodesia.

Other present day notable people born in Hertfordshire include Sarah Brightman, Geri Halliwell, Greg James, Vinnie Jones, Simon Le Bon, Guy Ritchie, and Stelio Stefanou.^[11]

See also

• Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire
• High Sheriff of Hertfordshire
• Custos Rotulorum of Hertfordshire – Keeper of the Rolls
• Hertfordshire (UK Parliament constituency) – Historical list of MPs for Hertfordshire constituency
• List of Jewish communities in Hertfordshire
• Hertfordshire GAA

Notes

References

External links

• Hertfordshire at DMOZ
• Hertfordshire County Council website

Neighbouring counties

	Bedfordshire	Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire	Cambridgeshire
	Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire		Essex
		Hertfordshire
	Buckinghamshire	Greater London	Essex

Links to related articles Ceremonial county of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire Portal Boroughs or districts Borough of Broxbourne Borough of Dacorum District of East Hertfordshire Borough of Hertsmere District of North Hertfordshire City and District of St Albans Borough of Stevenage District of Three Rivers Borough of Watford Borough of Welwyn Hatfield Major settlements Baldock Berkhamsted Bishop's Stortford Borehamwood Broxbourne Buntingford Bushey Cheshunt Harpenden Hatfield Hemel Hempstead Hertford Hitchin Hoddesdon Kings Langley Letchworth Potters Bar Rickmansworth Royston Sawbridgeworth St Albans Stevenage Tring Waltham Cross Ware Watford Welwyn Garden City See also: List of civil parishes in Hertfordshire Topics Hertfordshire County Council Elections Flag Parliamentary constituencies European Parliament constituency Boundary changes Places Settlements by population Lost settlements SSSIs Grade I listed buildings Grade II* listed buildings History Lord Lieutenants High Sheriffs Schools Museums Windmills King George V Playing Fields 1974–1996 ←   Ceremonial counties of England   → current Bedfordshire Berkshire City of Bristol Buckinghamshire Cambridgeshire Cheshire Cornwall Cumbria Derbyshire Devon Dorset Durham East Riding of Yorkshire East Sussex Essex Gloucestershire Greater London Greater Manchester Hampshire Herefordshire Hertfordshire Isle of Wight Kent Lancashire Leicestershire Lincolnshire City of London Merseyside Norfolk Northamptonshire Northumberland North Yorkshire Nottinghamshire Oxfordshire Rutland Shropshire Somerset South Yorkshire Staffordshire Suffolk Surrey Tyne and Wear Warwickshire West Midlands West Sussex West Yorkshire Wiltshire Worcestershire London commuter belt Home counties Berkshire Buckinghamshire Essex Hertfordshire Kent Surrey Urban areas Greater London Built-up Area Reading/Wokingham Urban Area Southend Urban Area Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area Luton/Dunstable Urban Area High Wycombe Urban Area Medway Towns Urban Area Cities and towns (100k+) Chelmsford Crawley High Wycombe London Luton Reading Slough Southend-on-Sea Towns (25k–99k) Aldershot Ashford, Surrey Aylesbury Basildon Basingstoke Billericay Bishop's Stortford Borehamwood Bracknell Brentwood Burgess Hill Camberley Canvey Island Chatham Cheshunt Dartford Dunstable Epsom Ewell Earley Farnborough Farnham Fleet Gillingham Guildford Gravesend Grays Harlow Harpenden Hatfield Hemel Hempstead Horsham Hitchin Leighton Buzzard Letchworth Loughton Maidenhead Maidstone Rayleigh, Essex Redhill Rochester Royal Tunbridge Wells Sittingbourne St Albans Stevenage Strood Sunbury-on-Thames Tonbridge Ware Watford Welwyn Garden City Wickford Windsor Woking Wokingham Woodley Towns (10k–25k) Addlestone Amersham Ashtead Baldock Beaconsfield Berkhamsted Broxbourne Buckhurst Hill Bushey Chertsey Chesham Chigwell Corringham Croxley Green Dorking East Grinstead East Malling Englefield Green Epping Frimley Frogmore Godalming Hadleigh Haywards Heath Hertford Hoddesdon Horley Houghton Regis Knaphill Marlow Potters Bar Reigate Rickmansworth Rochford Sandhurst Sevenoaks Snodland Shepperton South Benfleet Southborough, Kent Staines-upon-Thames Stanford-le-Hope Stanwell Swanley Thundersley Tilbury Tring Waltham Abbey Waltham Cross Yateley Local authorities in Hertfordshire County council Hertfordshire District councils Broxbourne Dacorum East Hertfordshire Hertsmere North Hertfordshire St Albans Stevenage Three Rivers Watford Welwyn Hatfield Civil parishes of Hertfordshire Broxbourne Unparished areas Cheshunt Hoddesdon Dacorum Parishes Aldbury Berkhamsted Bovingdon Chipperfield Flamstead Flaunden Great Gaddesden Kings Langley Little Gaddesden Markyate Nash Mills Nettleden with Potten End Northchurch Tring Tring Rural Wigginton Unparished areas Hemel Hempstead East Hertfordshire Albury Anstey Ardeley Aspenden Aston Bayford Bengeo Rural Benington Bishop's Stortford Bramfield Braughing Brent Pelham and Meesden Brickendon Liberty Buckland and Chipping Buntingford Cottered Datchworth Eastwick and Gilston Furneux Pelham Great Amwell Great Munden Hertford Hertford Heath Hertingfordbury High Wych Hormead Hunsdon Little Berkhamsted Little Hadham Little Munden Much Hadham Sawbridgeworth Standon Stanstead Abbots Stanstead St Margarets Stapleford Stocking Pelham Tewin Thorley Thundridge Walkern Ware Wareside Watton-at-Stone Westmill Widford Wyddial Hertsmere Parishes Elstree and Borehamwood Ridge Shenley South Mimms Unparished areas Bushey Potters Bar North Hertfordshire Parishes Ashwell Barkway Barley Bygrave Caldecote and Newnham Clothall and Luffenhall Codicote Graveley Great Ashby Hexton Hinxworth Holwell Ickleford Kelshall Kimpton King's Walden Knebworth Langley Lilley Nuthampstead Offley Pirton Preston Radwell Reed Royston Rushden and Wallington Sandon St Ippolyts St Paul's Walden Therfield Weston Wymondley Unparished areas Baldock Hitchin Letchworth Garden City St Albans Parishes Colney Heath Harpenden Harpenden Rural London Colney Redbourn Sandridge St Michael St Stephen Wheathampstead Unparished areas St Albans Three Rivers Parishes Abbots Langley Chorleywood Croxley Green Sarratt Watford Rural Unparished areas Rickmansworth Welwyn Hatfield Parishes Ayot St Lawrence Ayot St Peter Essendon Hatfield North Mymms Northaw and Cuffley Welwyn Woolmer Green Unparished areas Welwyn Garden City Unparished boroughs Stevenage Watford See also List of places in Hertfordshire Listed buildings in Hertfordshire   Grade I Broxbourne Eleanor Cross Wormleybury Dacorum Ashridge Management College Beechwood Park School and walls of walled garden Beechwood Park Berkhamsted School Old Building St Mary's Church, Hemel Hempstead East Hertfordshire Aston Bury Manor Balls Park Benington Castle (remains) Gatehouse to Hertford Castle Hunsdon House Rye House Gatehouse Scott's Grotto St James' Church, Stanstead Abbotts St Leonard's Church, Bengeo St Mary the Virgin's Church, Little Hormead Waytemore Castle (remains) Woodhall Park (Heath Mount School) Hertsmere Tyttenhanger House North Hertfordshire Royston Cave St Mary the Virgin, Baldock St Albans Remains of Old Gorhambury House Rothamsted Manor St Albans Cathedral St Helen's Church, Wheathampstead St Michael's Church, St Albans Verulamium Three Rivers Moor Park and orangery/stable block Watford Holy Rood Church, Watford St. Mary's Church, Watford Welwyn Hatfield Brocket Hall Hatfield House   Grade II* Broxbourne Rawdon House – Jacobean Wing (east) and Victorian Wing (north) Theobalds Park College Dacorum Ashlyns Hall Dean Incent's House Gaddesden Place The Golden Parsonge and garden walls St Peter's Church, Great Berhamstead Tring Park Mansion East Hertfordshire All Nations Christian College All Saints' Church, Hertford The Almshouses, Buntingford Bayfordbury Chapel at St Edmund's College, Ware Cromer Windmill Fanhams Hall Goldings Haileybury and Imperial Service College – Main Quadrangle and Memorial Hall Hare Street House Hanbury Manor Marden Hill House Much Hadham Palace St Andrew's Church, Buckland Stable block at Youngsbury Stanstead Hall Hertsmere Aldenham House and stable block Hilfield Castle Salisbury Hall Wrotham Park and stable block North Hertfordshire Hinxworth Place Knebworth House North Hertfordshire Masonic Centre (The Cloisters) Princess Helena College St Mary Magdalene's Church, Caldecote St Paul's Walden Bury The Spirella Company of Great Britain Limited Building St Albans All Saints Pastoral Centre Gorhambury (New Gorhambury House) Redbournbury Mill St Leonard's Church, Sandridge St Nicholas Church, Harpenden St Peter's Church, St Albans St Stephen's Church, St Albans Westwick Cottage Three Rivers Hunton Park Langleybury Oxhey Chapel Redheath Watford The Mrs Elizabeth Fuller Free School building Welwyn Hatfield Shaw's Corner Welwyn Railway Viaduct Other boroughs Stevenage   Grade II Broxbourne Broxbourne railway station Cheshunt Great House (remains) Dacorum Goldfield Mill The Green Dragon, Flaunden The Mansion, Berkhamsted Pendley Manor Rex Cinema Rossway Shendish House, walled garden and octagonal summerhouse Stocks House East Hertfordshire All Saints' Church, Hockerill Benson Memorial Church Brent Pelham Windmill Buntingford Manor House Button Snap Christ Church, Ware Hertford Museum Tooke House Little Munden Primary School (South East Wing) Panshanger orangery, conservatory and stables Red House, Buntingford Rowneybury House Hertsmere Dyrham Park Country Club and stable block Shenley Hall Shenley Lodge Wall Hall North Hertfordshire Ashwell Bury Breachwood Green Mill British Schools Museum Letchworth Garden City railway station Minsden Chapel Putteridge Bury St Nicholas' Church, Norton Stagenhoe Weston Windmill St Albans Childwickbury Manor Colney Heath Mill St Albans School – south-west, north and hall blocks Sopwell House Sopwell Nunnery (ruins) Verulam House Ye Olde Fighting Cocks Stevenage The Barclay School The Thomas Alleyne Academy Three Rivers Croxley Green Windmill Watford High Elms Manor St John's Church, Watford Watford Grammar School for Boys – main block and master's house Watford Palace Theatre Welwyn Hatfield The Brocket Arms Digswell House Tolmers Park Rivers and watercourses of Hertfordshire Ash Bayford Brook Beane Bulbourne Chess Colne Cuffley Brook Gade Hiz Ivel Lea River Lee Flood Relief Channel Lee Navigation Mimram New River Oughton Pix Brook Quin Rhee or Cam Rib Stort Stort Navigation Small River Lea Ver Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Hertfordshire Biological Aldbury Nowers Alpine Meadow Amwell Quarry Ashridge Commons and Woods Ashwell Springs Benington High Wood Blagrove Common Bricket Wood Common Croxley Common Moor Frogmore Meadows Great Hormead Park Hertford Heath Hunsdon Mead Knebworth Woods Moor Hall Meadows Northaw Great Wood Oddy Hill and Tring Park Patmore Heath Plashes Wood Redwell Wood Roughdown Common Rye Meads Sarratt Bottom Sawbridgeworth Marsh Sherrardspark Wood Tewinbury Therfield Heath Thorley Flood Pound Tring Reservoirs Tring Woodlands Turnford and Cheshunt Pits Wain Wood Water End Swallow Holes Whippendell Wood Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood North Wormley-Hoddesdonpark Wood South Geological Castle Lime Works Quarry Downfield Pit, Westmill Hillcollins Pit Little Heath Pit Moor Mill Quarry, West Oughtonhead Lane Westwood Quarry Local Nature Reserves in Hertfordshire Broxbourne Cheshunt Park Top Field and Cozens Grove Dacorum Howe Grove Wood Shrubhill Common East Hertfordshire Waterford Heath Hertsmere Fisher's Field Furzefield Wood and Lower Halfpenny Hilfield Park Reservoir North Hertfordshire Ivel Springs Norton Common Oughtonhead Common Purwell Meadows Therfield Heath Weston Hills St Albans Batford Springs Colney Heath Marshalls Heath Watercress Wildlife Site Wheathampstead The Wick Three Rivers Chorleywood Common Chorleywood House Estate Croxley Common Moor Oxhey Woods Prestwick Road Meadows Rickmansworth Aquadrome Stockers Lake The Withey Beds Watford Albans Wood Cassiobury Park Garston Park Harebreaks Wood The Lairage Land Welwyn Hatfield The Commons Danesbury Park Howe Dell Mardley Heath Northaw Great Wood Country Park Oxleys Wood Sherrardspark Wood Singlers Marsh Stanborough Reedmarsh