Henry Barkly

Sir Henry Barkly GCMG KCB FRS FRGS
4th Governor of British Guiana
In office 12 February 1849 – 11 May 1853
Preceded by	Henry Light
Succeeded by	Philip Wodehouse
Governor of Jamaica
In office 1853–1856
Preceded by	Charles Edward Grey
Succeeded by	Charles Henry Darling
2nd Governor of Victoria
In office 26 December 1856 – 10 September 1863
Preceded by	Sir Charles Hotham
Succeeded by	Sir Charles Darling
10th Governor of Mauritius
In office 21 August 1863 – 3 June 1870
Preceded by	Sir William Stevenson
Succeeded by	Sir Arthur Hamilton-Gordon
14th Governor of Cape Colony
In office 31 December 1870 – 31 March 1877
Preceded by	Sir Philip Wodehouse
Succeeded by	Sir Henry Frere
Personal details
Born	(1815-02-24)24 February 1815 Highbury, Middlesex, England, UK
Died	20 October 1898(1898-10-20) (aged 83) South Kensington, London, England, UK
Resting place	Brompton Cemetery
Nationality	British
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Helen Timins (1840–1857) Anne Maria Pratt (1860–1898)

Sir Henry Barkly GCMG KCB FRS FRGS (24 February 1815 – 20 October 1898) was a British politician, colonial governor and patron of the sciences.

Early life and education

Born in 1815 at Highbury, Middlesex (now London), he was the eldest son of Æneas Barkly, a West India merchant. He was educated at Bruce Castle School in Tottenham, where the school's particular curriculum endowed him with a lifetime interest in science and statistics.^[1]

Upon completing his schooling and studies in commerce, Barkly worked for his father. The Barkly family had several connections with the West Indies: Barkly's mother, Susannah Louisa, whose maiden name was ffrith, was the daughter of a Jamaica planter; his father's company was concerned with trade in the West Indies; and the family owned an estate in British Guiana.^[1]

Political career

Barkly was elected to the House of Commons at a by-election on 26 April 1845 as one of the two Members of Parliament (MPs) for the borough Leominster.^[2] He was returned unopposed,^[3] and The Times observed that his election address did not render voters "much wiser" about his political views.^[4]

As a Peelite, one of the supporters of Prime Minister Robert Peel, Barkly found himself adrift with few political prospects when Peel was overthrown, and he gratefully accepted the governorship of British Guiana when the post was offered by his Liberal opponents in 1848.^[1]

Governorships

Governor of British Guiana

Barkly was sworn in as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of British Guiana on 12 February 1849. His family connections with British Guiana and the West Indies in general served him well as governor of the colony, and prompted Lord Grey, the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, to refer to his "remarkable skill and ability" in addressing the colony's economic issues by widening the franchise of the College of Kiezers and introducing indentured servants from Asia.^[1]

Governor of Jamaica

In 1853, he was transferred to Jamaica and served three years as its governor and captain-general.^[5]

Governor of Victoria

In November 1856, Barkly was appointed Governor of Victoria, Australia, arriving in Melbourne on 24 December 1856. He achieved one of his main goals of stable government with the appointment of the James McCulloch ministry. He was noted for his support of philanthropic and intellectual movements. He was a founder and president of the Royal Society of Victoria, 1860–63, and helped to found the National Gallery of Victoria, the Acclimatization Society and the National Observatory.^[6]

Governor of Mauritius and the Cape Colony

He was appointed 10th Governor of Mauritius from 21 August 1863 to 3 June 1870.^[7]

In August 1870 he was sent to the Cape of Good Hope as Governor of Cape Colony and as British High Commissioner for Southern Africa. He helped to implement responsible government in the Cape and worked closely with its first Prime Minister, Sir John C Molteno. He served in South Africa until 1877. He was involved with the Royal Commission on Colonial Defence in 1879.

He died in Brompton, Kensington, London on 20 October 1898 and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.

Family

In 1840, he married Elizabeth Helen, the second daughter of J. F. Timins.^[5] She died in 1857 and Barkly remarried Anne Maria Pratt three years later. His oldest son Arthur Cecil Stuart Barkly (1843–1890) was his father's private secretary in Mauritius and the Cape, and went on to become the last British governor of Heligoland.^[1]

Honours

Henry Barkly was awarded a Knight of the Order of the Bath on 18 July 1853, just prior to his appointment as Governor of Jamaica. He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1864, and of the Royal Geographic Society (FRGS) in 1870. He was made a GCMG on 9 March 1874.

Legacy

The Navarre diggings, a small Victorian gold field was named Barkly on 1 November 1861 in his honour.^[8]

The South African towns of Barkly East and Barkly West are named after him.

Several notable streets were named after him including a main civic street in Ballarat East named Barkly Street for him in 1858^[9] along with the main street of Ararat, Victoria also named Barkly Street.^[10] Barkly Street in Beaumaris, Victoria was named for him though later renamed Rogers Street.^[11] The Barkly River, located in the alpine region of Victoria, within the Alpine National Park, is named in honour of Barkly. The bell atop the tower of the Ballarat Fire Brigade, on the corner of Barkly & East streets, Ballarat East was christened the "Lady Barkly" by the brigades Captain in August 1863.

Publications

• MacMillan, Mona (1969). "Sir Henry Barkly, mediator and moderator, 1815-1898". Balkema: Cape Town.
• Barkly, Sir Henry,KCB,GCMG, The Earlier House of Berkeley, published in Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Vol. 8, 1883-84, pp. 193–223
• Barkly, Henry (1888). John, Maclean, ed. "Testa de Nevill Returns for the County of Gloucester". Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society (Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society) 12: 235–290. Retrieved 5 March 2015. 

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sir Henry Barkly.

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Henry Barkly
• Portraits of Sir Henry Barkly at the National Portrait Gallery, London
• Mennell, Philip (1892). " Barkly, Sir Henry". The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. London: Hutchinson & Co. Wikisource 

Governors of Victoria Before Federation Hotham Barkly Darling Viscount Canterbury Bowen Marquess Normanby Loch Hope Brassey Clarke After Federation Talbot Gibson-Carmichael Fuller Stanley Earl Stradbroke Lord Somers Lord Huntingfield Dugan Brooks Delacombe Winneke Murray McCaughey McGarvie Gobbo Landy de Kretser Chernov Dessau

Governors of the Cape Colony British occupation 1806–1814 David Baird Henry George Grey Du Pre Alexander Henry George Grey John Francis Cradock Robert Meade British colony 1814–1910 Charles Somerset Rufane Shaw Donkin Richard Bourke Galbraith Lowry Cole Thomas Francis Wade Benjamin D'Urban George Thomas Napier Peregrine Maitland Henry Pottinger Harry Smith George Cathcart Charles Henry Darling George Grey Robert Henry Wynyard Philip Edmond Wodehouse Charles Craufurd Hay Henry Barkly Henry Bartle Frere Henry Hugh Clifford George Cumine Strahan Hercules Robinson Leicester Smyth Henry D'Oyley Torrens Henry Augustus Smyth Henry Brougham Loch William Gordon Cameron Hercules Robinson William Howley Goodenough Alfred Milner William Francis Butler Walter Hely-Hutchinson Henry Jenner Scobell Those in italics were Acting Governors State President of the South African Republic State President of the Orange Free State Prime Minister of the Cape Colony Prime Minister of Natal