Heermann's gull
| Heermann's gull | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Adult breeding | |
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| Adult non-breeding | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Laridae |
| Genus: | Larus |
| Species: | L. heermanni |
| Binomial name | |
| Larus heermanni Cassin, 1852 | |
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| Range of L. heermanni | |
The Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni) is a gull resident in the United States, Mexico and extreme southwestern British Columbia, nearly all nesting on Isla Rasa in the Gulf of California. They are usually found near shores or well out to sea, very rarely inland. The species is named after Adolphus Lewis Heermann, nineteenth-century explorer and naturalist.[2]
Description
This species looks distinctly different from other gulls. Adults have a medium gray body, blackish-gray wings and tail with white edges, and a red bill with a black tip. The head is dusky gray in non-breeding plumage and white in breeding plumage. Immatures resemble non-breeding adults but are darker and browner, and the bill is flesh-colored or pink till the second winter. A few birds, no more than 1 in 200, have white primary coverts, which form a showy spot on the upper wing. This gull is unlikely to be confused with other species as it is the only white-headed, gray-bodied gull found on the west coast of North America.[3]
Calls are described as deep and similar in pattern to other gulls but noticeably different in quality.
Distribution
Of the current population of about 150,000 pairs, 90% nest on the island of Isla Rasa off Baja California in the Gulf of California, with smaller colonies as far north as California and as far south as Nayarit. After breeding, birds commonly disperse to central California, and less commonly north as far as British Columbia and south as far as Guatemala.[1]
Behavior
This species nests colonially on the ground, like many gulls. The nests are often at densities as high as 110 nests per 100 m2 (1,100 sq ft). It lays two or three eggs, grayish buff, to buff with gray and brown markings.
Heermann's gull sometimes steals prey from other seabirds, particularly brown pelicans, with which it often associates.
Status
Isla Rasa was declared a sanctuary in 1964. Egg-collecting and disturbance during the breeding season are discouraged. With the breeding colony concentrated on one small island this species is vulnerable to a catastrophic weather event. The success of the colony in any one year is dependent on the availability of prey and this is related to the ocean temperature changes brought about by El Niño. These factors have caused the IUCN to rate this bird as "Near Threatened".[1]
References
- 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Larus heermanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ Islam, Kamal (2002). Poole, A., ed. "Heermann's Gull (Larus heermanni)". The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bna.643.
- ↑ "Heermann's Gull". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
- Howell, Steve N.G.; Webb, Sophie (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854012-4.
- Sibley, David Allen (2000). The Sibley Guide to Birds. New York: Knopf. p. 227. ISBN 0-679-45122-6.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Larus heermanni. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Larus heermanni |
- Images and movies of the Heermann's gull (Larus heermanni) at ARKive
- BirdLife species factsheet for Larus heermanni
- Heermann's gull videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
- Heermann's gull photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Audio recordings of Heermann's gull on Xeno-canto.