Hastinapur

Hastinapur
A temple in Hastinapur
Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
Coordinates: 29°10′N 78°01′E / 29.17°N 78.02°E / 29.17; 78.02Coordinates: 29°10′N 78°01′E / 29.17°N 78.02°E / 29.17; 78.02
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Meerut
Elevation	202 m (663 ft)
Population (2001)
• Total	21,248
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	250404

Hastinapur (Hindi: हस्‍तिनापुर, Sanskrit: हास्‍तिनपुरम् Hāstinapuram) is a town and a nagar panchayat in Meerut district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

Etymology

Hastinapuram (Sanskrit) is a city named after the king Hastin (it means the city of Hastin). History of this place begins from the period of Mahabharata. It is also described as Gajpur, Nagpur, Asandivat, Brahmasthal, Shanti Nagar and Kunjarpur in ancient texts.

History

Balarama pulling Hastinapur toward the Ganges, page from a Bhagavata Dasamskanda series.

Located on the right bank of an old bed of the Ganga, known in literature and tradition as the capital of the Kauravas of the Mahabharata fame. Hastinapur was the capital of the Kuru dynasty of kings. All incidents in the epic Mahabharata have taken place in the city of Hastinapur. The birth of the Mahabharata villains, the 100 Kauravas, happened here, by their mother, Queen Gandhari, wife of King Dhritarashtra. On the bank of the Budhi Ganga, two places known as Draupadi Ghat^[1] and Karna Ghat remind one of the Mahabharata personages.

The first reference to Hastinapur in Puranas comes as the capital of Emperor Bharata. Samrat Samprati, the grandson of the emperor Asoka, built many temples here during his empire. The ancient temple and stupas are not present today. Excavation at Hastinapur was carried out in the early 1950s by B.B. Lal, Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India. Although the main aim of this excavation, mentioned by Lal himself, was to find out the stratigraphic position of Painted Grey Ware with reference to other known ceramic industries of the early historical period, Lal also ended up making correlations between the text of the Mahabharata and the material remains that he uncovered at Hastinapur. This exercise led him to historicize some of the traditions mentioned in the text, as well as link the appearance of the Painted Grey Ware with Aryans in upper Ganges basin areas.^[2] Though Pre history of Hastinapur is not clear as full scale excavation could not be undertaken in inhabited area. In the medieval era, Hastinapur was attacked by Mughal ruler Babur when invading Hindustan. During British India, Hastinapur was ruled by the Gujjar Raja Nain Singh Nagar. He built many temples in and around Hastinapur.^[3]

Geography and climate

In the present-day Hastinapur is a town in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh in India around 37 km from Meerut and 90 km north-east of Delhi on National Highway 119. It is a small township re-established by Jawaharlal Nehru on February 6, 1949. Hastinapur is located at 29°10′N 78°01′E / 29.17°N 78.02°E / 29.17; 78.02.^[4] Hastinapur has an average elevation of 218 metres. Hastinapur experiences extremes of climate similar to the other cities of Uttar Pradesh. Summer season is from the month of March to the month of May. During the summer temperatures vary from a minimum of 32 °C and rise up to a maximum of 40 °C. Monsoon season is from July to September. Temperatures during the monsoon months are usually low. Winters months are from December to February. December is usually the coldest month of the year. Temperatures can drop to a minimum of 1 °C can rise up to a maximum of 12 °C during this time.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Hastinapur had a population of 21,248. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Hastinapur has an average literacy rate of 73.9%, above than the national average of 59.5%. In Hastinapur, 15% of the population is under 10 years of age.^[5]

Places of interest

Located on the banks of old ravine of Ganges, Hastinapur is considered one of the holiest place on earth by Hindus and Jains. It is believed to be the birthplace of three Jain Tirthankaras. There are many ancient Jain temples in Hastinapur. Shri Digamber Jain Mandir, Jambudweep, Kailash Parvat, Shwetambar Jain Temple are the main and famous temples in Hastinapur. Apart from Jain temples, Pandeshwar temple 5000 Years old, Historical Gurdwara and Hastinapur Sanctuary are worth being seen.

Temples and monuments

Shri Digamber Jain Bada Mandir

Shri Digamber Jain Bada Mandir is the oldest Jain Temple in Hastinapur. It was constructed in June 1801 from the fund accorded by Raja Harsukh Rai under the supervision of Lala Jai Kumar Mal.^[6] The principal deity in the main temple is 16th Jain Tirthankar Shri Shantinath in Padmasana posture. The altar also has idols of 17th and 18th Tirthankara on both sides viz. Shri Kunthunath and Shri Aranath respectively. Presently, there are dozens of temples and historical monuments in the premises which were mostly built in the late 20th century. Digamber Jain Mandir has excellent lodging facility for the pilgrims. Pure vegetarian food is also available for Jain pilgrims. It has many other facilities including Post Office, Police Sub-station, Jain Gurukul and Udaseen ashram. There are nearby sites of tourist attraction as well, like Jal Mandir, Jain Library, Acharya Vidyanand Museum, 24 Tonks and ancient Nishiyaji’s, situated few kilometers from the main temple.^[7]

Ancient Pandeshwar Temple

Digamber Jain Mandir, Hastinapur

Located in the ruins of the old city of Hastinapur, Old Pandeshwar Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva 7000 years old . A statue of Goddess Kali and many Hindu Ashrams are also present on hillock of ruins. Karna temple 5000 B.C. situated nearby, lies on the bank of old ravine of Ganges. The Shivling inside Karna temple is said to be established by Karna, one of the central figure in the epic of Mahabharata.^[8]

Bhai Dharam Singh Gurdwara

It is a small Gurdwara located in a village Saifpur, some 2.5 km (1.6 mi) away from Hastinapur. Bhai Dharam Singh (1666–1708) was one of the Panj Pyare (Punjabi: ਪੰਜ ਪਿਆਰੇ) or the Five Beloved, the forerunners of Khalsa. He was the son of Bhai Sant Ram of the village Saifpur.^[9][10]

Kailash Parvat Rachna

Kailash Parvat is a 131 feet high structure, constructed under the aegis of Shri Digamber Jain Mandir Hastinapur. The Panch-kalyanak Pratishtha Mahotsava of Kailash Parvat was accomplished in April 2006. Kailash Parvat premises has various Jain Temples, Yatri Niwas, Bhojanshala, Auditorium, Helipad and lots of tourist attractions.^[11][12]

Jambudweep Jain Tirth

Depiction of Mount Sumeru at Hastinapur

The marvelous sculpture showing the structure of Jain cosmology has been designed here under the supervision of Shri Gyanmati Mataji. The premises has various Jain temples which includes Sumeru Parvat, Lotus Temple, Teen Murti Mandir, Meditation Temple, Badi Murti, Teen Lok Rachna and many other tourist attractions.^[13]

Shri Shwetambar Jain Temple

The Shwetambar temple is renovated recently and the re-establishment took place on Margashirsha Shukla of VS 2021. Ashtapad built under the aegis of Shri Shwetambar Jain Temple is 151 feet high structure.^[14] The architectural details of this monument is worth being seen. The Panch-kalyanak Pratishtha took place in December 2009 under nishra of Gachhadipati Acharya Nityanand Surishwerji. Jain Sthanak is also situated near to Shwetambar Jain Temple.^[15]

Hastinapur Sanctuary

Hastinapur Sanctuary is one of the prominent wildlife projects in India. It was constituted in the year 1986. The sanctuary extends over a wide area of Meerut, Bijnore, Hapur and Jyotiba Phule Nagar in Uttar Pradesh. The Hastinapur Sanctuary is a sprawling forest occupying the area of 2073 km².^[16][17]

Festivals and fairs

Various cultural and religious fairs are held here round the year, like Akshaya Tritiya, Das Lakshana, Kartik mela, Holi mela, Durga Puja and many other programs are organised by NGOs and the tourism department round the year.

See also

• Mahabharata.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hastinapur.

Mahabharata Books (parvas) Adi Sabha Vana Virata Udyoga Bhishma Drona Karna Shalya Sauptika Stri Shanti Anushasana Ashvamedhika Ashramavasika Mausala Mahaprasthanika Svargarohana Harivamsa Kuru Kingdom Shantanu Ganga Bhishma Satyavati Chekitana Chitrāngada Vichitravirya Ambika Ambalika Vidura Dhritarashtra Gandhari Shakuni Pandu Kunti Madri Pandavas Yudhisthira Bhima Arjuna Nakula Sahadeva Draupadi Kauravas Duryodhana Dushasana Vikarna Yuyutsu Dushala Hidimbi Ghatotkacha Ahilawati Subhadra Uttarā Ulupi Chitrāngadā Abhimanyu Iravan Babruvahana Barbarika Upapandavas Parikshit Janamejaya Other characters Amba Ashwatthama Balarama Bhagadatta Brihannala Chitrasena Dhrishtadyumna Drona Drupada Durvasa Ekalavya Hidimba Jarasandha Jayadratha Karna Kichaka Kindama Kripa Krishna Kritavarma Mayasura Sanjaya Satyaki Shalya Shikhandi Shishupala Bahlika Sudeshna Uttara Kumara Virata Vrishasena Vyasa Related articles Avatars Hastinapur Indraprastha Kingdoms Kurukshetra War Bhagavad Gita Vedic-Puranic chronology Category