William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland

The Earl of Portland
Hans Willem Bentinck by Hyacinthe Rigaud
Born	(1649-07-20)20 July 1649 Diepenheim, Overijssel
Died	23 November 1709(1709-11-23) (aged 60) Bulstrode Park, Buckinghamshire
Title	1st Earl of Portland
Tenure	1689-1709
Other titles	Viscount Woodstock Baron Bentinck Baron Cirencester
Nationality	Dutch and English
Residence	Bulstrode Park
Offices	English Ambassador to France
Predecessor	Bernard, Baron Bentinck
Successor	Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland
Spouse(s)	Anne Villiers Jane Martha Temple
Parents	Bernard, Baron Bentinck Anna van Bloemendaal

Hans William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, Baron Bentinck of Diepenheim and Schoonheten,^[1] KG PC (20 July 1649, Diepenheim, Overijssel – 23 November 1709, Bulstrode Park, Buckinghamshire) was a Dutch and English nobleman who became in an early stage the favourite of William, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder in the Netherlands, and future King of England. He was steady, sensible, modest and usually moderate.^[2] The friendship and cooperation stopped in 1699.

Biography

Early life and nurse to Prince William

Hans Willem was the son of Bernard, Baron Bentinck of Diepenheim and descended from an ancient and noble family of Guelders and Overijssel. He was appointed first page of honour and chamberlain. When, in 1675, Prince William was attacked by smallpox, Bentinck nursed him assiduously, and this devotion secured for him the special and enduring friendship of William. From that point on, Bentinck had the Prince's confidence, and in their correspondence William was very open.

Communicator

In 1677 he was sent to England to solicit for Prince William the hand of Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York and future King of England. He was again in England on William's behalf in 1683 and in 1685. Later, in 1688, when William was preparing to assist in the overthrow of (now King) James including an invasion by Dutch troops, Bentinck went to some of the German princes to secure their support, or at least their neutrality. He had also been, since 1687, a medium of communication between his master and his English friends. Bentinck superintended the arrangements for the invasion, including raising money, hiring an enormous transport fleet, organising a propaganda offensive, and preparing the possible landing sites, and also sailed to England with Prince William.

Titles and military service

The revolution accomplished, William (now King of England) made Bentinck Groom of the Stole, first gentleman of the bedchamber, and a Privy Counsellor. In April 1689 he was created Baron Cirencester, Viscount Woodstock and, in its second creation, Earl of Portland. (The first creation of the earldom had been made for Richard Weston in 1633, but it became extinct in 1688.) He commanded some cavalry at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690, and was present at the Battle of Landen, where he was wounded, and at the 1695 Siege of Namur.

Diplomat

Bentinck's main work was of a diplomatic nature. In 1690 he was sent to The Hague to help solve the problem between William and the burgomasters of Amsterdam. Having thwarted the Jacobite plot to murder the King in 1696, he helped to arrange the peace of Ryswick in 1697. In 1698 he was ambassador to Paris for six months. While there, he opened negotiations with Louis XIV for a partition of the Spanish monarchy, and as William's representative, signed the two partition treaties.

Resignation and land gifts

William Bentinck had, however, become very jealous of the rising influence of another Dutchman, Arnold van Keppel, and, in 1699, he resigned all his offices in the royal household. He did not forfeit the esteem of the King, who continued to trust and employ him. Portland had been loaded with gifts, and this, together with the jealousy felt for him as a foreigner, made him very unpopular in England. He received 135,000 acres (546 km²) of land in Ireland, and only the strong opposition of a united House of Commons prevented him obtaining a large gift of crown lands in North Wales. For his share in drawing up the partition treaties he was impeached in 1701, but the case against him did not proceed. He was occasionally employed on public business under Queen Anne until his death at his residence, Bulstrode Park in Buckinghamshire. Portland's eldest son Henry succeeded him as earl, and was granted the titles of Marquess of Titchfield and Duke of Portland in 1716.

Codex Bentingiana

While living in Holland, Bentinck maintained a garden boasting many botanical rarities. Illustrations of these plants were collected under the name Codex Bentingiana. This work has since disappeared from the botanical scene.^[3]

Family

Lord Portland was married twice. His first wife was Anne Villiers (died 30 November 1688), daughter of Sir Edward Villiers and his wife Lady Frances Howard, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Suffolk, whom he married on 1 February 1678. They had six children:

• Lady Mary Bentinck (c. 1679-20 August 1726), who married, firstly, the 2nd Earl of Essex on 28 February 1692 and had one son and two daughters.^[4] She married, secondly, Sir Conyers D'Arcy (died 1 December 1758), circa August 1714 and had no issue.
• Willem Bentinck (c. 3 March 1681 – 26 May 1688)
• Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of Portland (17 March 1682 – 4 July 1726) ancestor of Elizabeth II
• Lady Anna Margaretha Bentinck (c. 1683 - 3 May 1763), who married Arent van Wassenaar, Baron van Wassenaar circa 1701 and had at least one daughter.
• Lady Frances Wilhelmina Bentinck (18 February 1684 – 31 March 1712), who married the 4th Baron Byron (4 January 1670 – 8 August 1736) on 19 December 1706 and had four children.
• Lady Isabella Bentinck (4 May 1688 – 23 February 1728), who married the 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull on 2 August 1714 but had no issue.

His second wife was Jane Martha Temple (1672 - 26 May 1751), daughter of Sir John Temple, and widow of the 3rd Baron Berkeley of Stratton, whom he married on 12 May 1700. They had the following children:

• Lady Sophia Bentinck (died 5 June 1741), who married the 1st Duke of Kent on 24 March 1729 and had issue.
• Lady Elizabeth Adriana Bentinck (died 1765), who married Rev. The Hon. Henry Egerton (died 1 April 1746) on 18 December 1720 and had issue.
• Lady Barbara Bentinck (died 1 April 1736), who married the 2nd Baron Godolphin (1707 - 25 May 1785) on 18 February 1734; no issue.
• The Hon. William Bentinck, 1st Count Bentinck (6 November 1704 – 13 October 1774), who married Charlotte Sophie, Countess von Aldenburg (4 August 1715 – 5 February 1800) on 1 June 1733 and had two sons. In 1990, after the extinction of the male line from his half-brother the 1st Duke of Portland, his descendant Henry Bentinck, 7th Count Bentinck became the 11th Earl of Portland.
• The Hon. Charles John Bentinck (2 June 1708 – 18 March 1779), who married Lady Margaret Cadogan on 11 January 1738.
• Lady Harriet Bentinck (bef. 1709 - 10 June 1792), who married James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassill (bef. 1697 - 17 March 1758) on 15 October 1728 and had two children.

Styles from birth to death

• Mr. William Bentinck (1649-1689)
• The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Portland, PC (1689-1697)
• The Rt. Hon. The Earl of Portland, KG, PC (1697-1709)

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

External links

• N. Japikse, ed., van Willem III en van Hans Willem Bentinck, eersten graaf van Portland.
• Biography of the 1st Earl, with links to online catalogues, from Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
• The Invasion of England in 1688: a learning resource based on the 1st Earl's papers, developed by Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham
• David Onnekink, The Anglo-Dutch Favourite - The career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (1649-1709) (Ashgate Publishing, 2007)