Hamilton College (New York)

Hamilton College
Latin: Collegii Hamiltonensis
Former name
 Hamilton-Oneida Academy (1793-1812)
Motto Γνωθι Σεαυτόν (Greek)
Motto in English
 Know Thyself
Type Private liberal arts college
Established 1793
Endowment $856.1 million (2015)[1]
President

Joan Hinde Stewart

David Wippman (elect)
Academic staff
 191[2]
Undergraduates 1,850[2]
Location Clinton, New York, U.S.
43°03′09″N 75°24′20″W / 43.052364°N 75.405657°W / 43.052364; -75.405657Coordinates: 43°03′09″N 75°24′20″W / 43.052364°N 75.405657°W / 43.052364; -75.405657
Campus Rural
Colors Continental blue and Buff[3]
         
Athletics NCAA Division III – NESCAC, MAISA
Nickname Continentals
Affiliations Oberlin Group
Annapolis Group
CLAC
Website www.hamilton.edu

Hamilton College is a private liberal arts college in Clinton, New York, United States. Founded as a boys' school in 1793, it was chartered as Hamilton College in 1812. It has been coeducational since 1978, when it merged with its sister school Kirkland College. Hamilton is sometimes referred to as the "College on the Hill." Hamilton is 14th among "National Liberal Arts Colleges" in the 2016 U.S. News & World Report rankings.

History

Hamilton College as painted from a hot-air balloon by watercolor artist Richard Rummell in the early 1900s.[4]

Hamilton began in 1793 as the Hamilton-Oneida Academy, a seminary founded by Rev. Samuel Kirkland, a Presbyterian minister, as part of his missionary work with the Oneida tribe. The seminary admitted both white and Oneida boys. Kirkland named it in honor of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, who was a member of the first Board of Trustees of the Hamilton-Oneida Academy.

The Academy became Hamilton College in 1812, making it the third oldest college in New York after Columbia and Union, after it expanded to a four-year college curriculum. By the end of the century, its colorful ninth President M. Woolsey Stryker distanced Hamilton from the Presbyterian Church (although he was a minister of that denomination and published many hymns), and sought to make it a more secular institution.[5]

In 1978, the all-male Hamilton College merged with the women's Kirkland College, founded by Hamilton across the road in the 1960s. The merger provoked controversy, particularly since Hamilton refused to provide assistance with Kirkland's debt burden. Hamilton publicly justified the merger as prompted by its desire for co-education. The merger took nearly 7 years to complete; women could still receive a Kirkland diploma instead of a Hamilton diploma until 1979.

The original Hamilton campus is often called the "light side" or "north side" of campus. The original side of campus was once called "Stryker Campus" after its former president, Melancthon Woolsey Stryker[6] (misspelled "Striker Campus"). On the other side of College Hill Road, the original Kirkland campus is called the "dark side" or the "south side."

Since the 1970s, Hamilton has been a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference (or the NESCAC) (despite technically being outside New England). This conference also includes Amherst, Bates, Bowdoin, Colby, Connecticut College, Middlebury, Trinity, Tufts, Wesleyan, and Williams. Rivalries with many of these schools, Middlebury in particular, predate the conference.

Campus

During the summer of 2006, the school completed a new science building. The art department has separate studios for each of the studio arts taught, most of which are being renovated. Hamilton's athletic facilities include an ice rink, swimming pool, several athletics fields, a golf course, a three-story climbing wall, and a ten-court Squash Center.

Kirner-Johnson Building

The Kirner-Johnson Building, or KJ, is home to Hamilton's social science departments, the Arthur Levitt Public Affairs Center, the Nesbitt-Johnson Writing Center and the Oral Communication Center.[7] The building has a large, naturally-lit, two-story commons that is a popular gathering place for students to study or socialize between classes.[8] In order to create a space that allows for both activities, the inner point of the commons features four small waterfalls that provide just enough white noise to encourage conversation while acoustically insulating those who prefer to study.[9] In 2004, planning for the renovation and expansion of the Kirner-Johnson building received an Award of Merit from the American Institute of Architects.[10] The project was completed in 2008.[9]

Carol Woodhouse Wellin Performance Hall

The 700-seat hall hosts the College Orchestra conducted by Heather Buchman, Hamilton College Choir, College Hill Singers and Oratorio Society, all directed by G. Roberts Kolb, Jazz Band, and Faculty Dance Concerts as well as guest artists from around the globe.

Ruth and Elmer Wellin Museum of Art

The Ruth and Elmer Wellin Museum of Art is the college's public art museum that also serves as a teaching resource for its students. Exhibits have included contemporary and historical paintings, photography, art and culture, and student exhibitions. The museum building was designed so that the exhibit areas, archives, art storage, conservation workshops, administrative offices, and teaching spaces are all visible to museum visitors. Students are involved many aspects of the museum's functions, and the building also features classrooms for art and art history courses.

The Sage Rink

Hamilton College’s Sage Rink, built in 1921,[11] is America's second oldest indoor collegiate hockey rink after Northeastern University's Matthews Arena.[12] It was financed by the widow of industrialist Russell Sage, whose name graces a number of Central New York college edifices, including Russell Sage College. In addition to Continental men's and women's teams, youth hockey, high school teams, adult amateur efforts and the famous Clinton Comets, who dominated the semi-professional Eastern Hockey League in the 1960s and early 1970s, have played at the Sage Rink.[13] It was renovated in 1993, when it got better lighting, ice-making equipment, and structural enhancements. The rink houses the college's Men's and Women's varsity hockey teams, intramural ice hockey, physical education classes, and local youth hockey games.

Litchfield Observatory

"Litchfield Observatory" redirects here. For the other "Clinton" observatory in New York state, see Clinton B. Ford Observatory.

At Litchfield Observatory, IAU code 789, pioneering German–American astronomer Christian Peters discovered some 48 asteroids. The observatory burned down but is currently marked on campus by its telescope mount outside of the Siuda Admissions and Financial Aid House. The current observatory, a quarter of a mile from campus, is powered by solar energy and is open for student use. The existing observatory, located 100 feet from College Hill Road, was built with rock from the same quarry as the original building.

Hamilton College Chapel

The Hamilton College Chapel is a historically protected landmark and is the only three-story chapel still standing in America.[14]

Kirkland Cottage

The cottage was the original residence of Samuel Kirkland when he began his missionary work to the Oneida. The cottage is completely original, although it was moved from its original location on Kirkland's property (known today as Harding Farm) to its current place on the main quadrangle of the Hamilton Side. The cottage is currently used for matriculation ceremonies.

Birthplace of Elihu Root

At one time serving as the residence of the Oren Root family, the house was the birthplace of Elihu Root, who served as Secretary of State and War and won the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize. Built in 1812, the house served as the student dining hall for Hamilton College. In 1834 it was adapted as a residence for Horatio Buttrick, superintendent of the Buildings and Grounds Department and college registrar. After his daughter married Oren Root, he allowed the young couple to take over the house. Their son Elihu Root was born there. The house has since been renamed Buttrick Hall. It serves as office space for the President of the College and the Dean of Faculty.

Elihu Root House

Elihu Root House

The Elihu Root House originally belonged to Elihu Root, who used it as his summer house. It was next used by the Office of Admission. As of September 2009, it housed the Dean of Students Office, the Registrar, and the department of Residential Life.

Days-Massolo Center

In 2011, Hamilton opened the Days-Massolo Center with the goal of promoting diversity awareness and fostering dialogue among the wide variety of cultures represented on campus.[15] The center is dedicated to trustees Drew S. Days, III and fellow Hamilton trustee Arthur J. Massolo.[16]

The Root Glen

The Root Glen is a garden at Hamilton College. The walking area is a result of three generations of the Root family, who are known for their work in scholarships, diplomacy, and art collecting. The Root Glen is a walk along formal gardens and forest trails.

The Homestead, a building named and bought by Oren Root in the 1850s, was built adjacent to the Root Glen. Oren and his wife Grace decided to plant various trees, shrubs, and flowers around the building. Then Oren’s son Elihu Root inherited the property, and the Roots expanded the gardens. In 1937 Edward Root took over the garden from his father. Grace Root established the Root Glen Foundation after her husband passed away, which was established to use the land for educational purposes and to promote interest in the study of birds. In 1971, the foundation dissolved and Grace decided to give ownership to Hamilton College. The Root Glen is now maintained by the horticultural grounds staff of the college, and an advisory committee is responsible for the selection of new shrubs and flowers as needed.[17]

The Root Glen contains over 65 species of trees, dozens of shrubs, and a wide variety of flowers. Located on the south side of the Glen is a display of trees and plants native to the area.[17]

Academics

Hamilton currently offers the bachelor of arts degree in any of over 50 areas of concentration.[18] Additionally, Hamilton students may study abroad. The college runs programs in China, France, India and Spain, as well as domestic programs in the Adirondacks, New York City and Washington, D.C. Hamilton is well known for its "open" curriculum, for which there are no distribution requirements; students have nearly total freedom over their course selection. While there are no distribution requirements, students do have to complete a quantitative and symbolic reasoning requirement, which can be fulfilled through courses in a variety of departments, and a writing requirement, for which students must take at least three writing intensive courses.[19] The college has long adhered to an academic honor code. Every student matriculating at Hamilton must sign a pledge to observe the Honor Code, and many examinations are not proctored. Hamilton has been part of the SAT optional movement for undergraduate admission since 2002.[20]

Hamilton gives applicants different ways to meet the Standardized Testing Requirements, including a choice of SAT I, ACT and combination of three SAT IIs. For the Class of 2014, of those who had high schools that ranked, 80% of the students were in the top ten percent of their class. Among those who submitted SAT I scores (majority), the average was 1410 for combined reading and math, and 710 for the writing section.

Rankings

University rankings
National
Forbes[21] 51
Global
Liberal arts colleges
U.S. News & World Report[22] 14
Washington Monthly[23] 60

The annual ranking for 2016 by U.S. News & World Report categorizes Hamilton as "most selective" in admissions and ranks the College tied for 14th overall and tied for 12th in "Best Undergraduate Teaching" among "National Liberal Arts Colleges."[24] Forbes in 2015 rated it 51st in its America's Top Colleges ranking of 650 schools, which includes military academies, national universities and liberal arts colleges.[25]

Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Hamilton 14th in its 2015 ranking of best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[26] Hamilton is ranked 18th in a similar measure by U.S. News & World Report.[24] In 2012, Hamilton was ranked as the 10th Best Value College in the Nation by the Princeton Review.[27]

Student life and traditions

The current Hamilton College campus consists of the combined Hamilton and Kirkland college campuses. It has three large wooded areas, known as the Root glen, Rogers glen, and the Kirkland glen.

In the mid-1990s, the administration required all underclassmen to live on campus in college housing rather than in fraternity or sorority houses, ultimately resulting in the closure of all fraternity houses and the Emerson Literary Society's house in 1995. It created new social spaces for student use, improved funding for on-campus events, and pursued several other social life changes. The new policy was controversial, especially the administration's decision to prohibit the fraternities from using their houses. Thus, the majority of fraternities concluded they had no choice but to sell their houses to the college, though some fraternities refused to sell their houses until well into the next decade. As the college purchased the houses, it has carried out extensive renovations, in order to turn the buildings into dormitories. The college has revoked or suspended the charters of a few fraternities for extreme behavior, as recently as 2015, because of their causing additional controversy among the students and alumni.

Housing

Nearly all students live in college-owned dorms. The residence halls have a variety of styles, including former fraternity houses, suites, apartment style housing, co-ops and traditional dormitory-style housing. Hamilton offers a cooperative living option to students, as well as substance-free and quiet housing.[28] All residence halls are co-ed; some have single-sex floors. In October 2010, the college adopted a gender-neutral housing policy, wherein students of either sex may room together in rooms designated for two or more students.[29] In 2014 the largest residence hall, Dunham Hall, was changed to all Freshman housing.

Societies

Eleven fraternities, seven sororities, and one co-ed society are active on the Hamilton College campus. Greek organizations maintain a significant (but not overwhelming) social presence, despite being non-residential. These fraternities include two of the "Union Triad": Delta Phi and Sigma Phi. They consist of Alpha Delta Phi (founded at Hamilton College), Chi Psi, Delta Chi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Delta Phi, Delta Upsilon, Lambda Upsilon Lambda, Psi Upsilon, Sigma Phi, Tau Kappa Epsilon and Theta Delta Chi. The last disbanded in 2015 following a suspension by the president of the college.

The sororities are Alpha Chi Lambda, Alpha Theta Chi, Gamma Xi, Kappa Delta Omega, Kappa Sigma Alpha, Sigma Lambda Upsilon, and Phi Beta Chi.

While all of the fraternities on campus are affiliated with national organizations, only one sorority (Omega Phi Beta) has a national affiliation. The other six sororities are unique to Hamilton. Lambda Chi Alpha existed at Hamilton until 1958.

Generally, events sponsored by Greek organizations occur on campus and are open to all students. Hamilton also has a co-ed, non-Greek social society: the Emerson Literary Society.

Campus media

WHCL-FM - During the academic year, Hamilton students, faculty, and community members produce a variety of music, news, sports, and talk radio programs at FM frequency 88.7. The station is available through most of the Mohawk Valley region and online at whcl.org.[30] It is the only radio station in Clinton.

The Spectator, Hamilton College's primary news publication, is published weekly. It is distributed in the campus dining halls, mail center, and library. The Spectator covers campus, local, and national news as well as Hamilton sports and campus life. The paper can be found online.[31]

Enquiry, is a weekly publication published by the Alexander Hamilton Institute's undergraduate fellows. The publication features political editorials and essays by Hamilton College students.

The Daily Bull is a daily bulletin that caters to campus counterculture. It is noted for being printed on yellow legal size paper, and is distributed on dining hall tables every morning.

The Wag is Hamilton's semi-annual satire magazine, published near the end of every semester. It features written and graphical satire of campus news and life. The Wag has also produced short feature films about the "Hamilton experience" in the past.

The Duel Observer is a weekly humor and satire publication. Founded by Tom Keane '03, David Schwartz '02, and James Robbins '05, it has adopted the format of a parody newspaper (e.g., The Onion). The name refers to the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton which resulted in Hamilton's death.

HamPoll is Hamilton's polling organization, which regularly surveys students and faculty on various campus and academic issues. Recent surveys have asked about relationship dynamics, evaluations of academic departments, recycling habits, as well as political and social affiliations.

The Continental is a student-run magazine published a few times a semester; it features fashion advice, party photos, and articles on a variety of subjects.

Red Weather is the college literary magazine, dedicated to promoting the literary arts on campus by printing a variety of student-authored poetry and fiction; it is published twice a year.

The Green Apple is named for one of the symbols of Kirkland College; it features short stories, poetry, and op-eds, and is printed on green legal-sized paper.

Traditions

Class and Charter Day: On the last day of spring term classes, all afternoon classes are canceled for a campus wide picnic and party. Additionally, a ceremony is held during which students, faculty, and other members of the Hamilton community are recognized for their academic, leadership, and community-development accomplishments. Class and Charter Day is also the biggest party day of the year at Hamilton. The popular "G-Road" party which took place on this day became so infamous for underage drinking and over-indulgence that the college chose to ban the party for Class and Charter Day '09. The college instead provided a free concert for the student body, coordinated by the Student Activities Office and the student-run Campus Activities Board. Concerts have included groups such as Passion Pit, White Panda, Sammy Adams, and Macklemore.

Citrus Bowl: The Citrus Bowl is the first men's hockey home game of the season. Traditionally the game was called the Orange Bowl, and upon the first Hamilton-scored goal, oranges that students had smuggled into the rink were thrown onto the ice at the visiting goalie. This often resulted in a delay-of-game penalty against Hamilton while the ice was cleaned. In recent years, the orange throwing has been banned by the college administration and by NESCAC officials, but the event is still well attended. Orange T-shirts commemorating the event have been distributed in recent years.

FebFest: Rooted in the long-standing tradition of the winter carnival at Hamilton, FebFest is a relatively recent revival. A week-long combination of performances, parties, free food, fireworks, and various other events, FebFest intends to keep student morale high during the winter. Over the years, bands ranging from the Steve Miller Band to Ghostface Killah have performed as a part of festivities.

May Day Music Festival: Started in 2004, May Day is an outdoor music festival sponsored by several on-campus organizations, including the Hamilton College Independent Music Fund, WHCL, and the Hamilton College Campus Activities Board. Past performers have included: Citizen Cope, The New Pornographers, The Pharcyde, Dead Meadow, Tim Reynolds, Chromeo, Jennifer Gentle, Rainer Maria, Ted Leo, The Unicorns, J-Live, Catch-22, Sleater-Kinney, Stroke 9, and Eve 6. The name refers to the fact that the festival is staged in early May or late April.

HamTrek: Started in 2004, HamTrek is an annual sprint-triathlon consisting of a 525-yard swim, 9-mile bike ride, and 3.1-mile run. Participants can compete individually, in unisex teams of 3, or co-ed teams of 3. Prizes are awarded to the winners of the different competing groups. In the late 2000s, HamTrek introduced a fund raising component to benefit the Shawn Grady Memorial Fund.[32] Also, many athletic coaches now require their teams to compete. HamTrek takes place on Class and Charter Day.

Athletics

Official Athletics logo

Hamilton is a NCAA Division III school and has been a member of the New England Small College Athletic Conference since 1971. The college sports teams are known as the Hamilton Continentals. Hamilton sponsors 29 sports, including: Baseball (M), Basketball (M&W), Crew (M&W), Cross Country (M&W), Field Hockey (W), Football (M), Golf (M&W), Ice Hockey (M&W), Lacrosse (M&W), Outdoor and Indoor Track & Field (M&W), Soccer (M&W), Softball (W), Squash (M&W), Swimming & Diving (M&W), Tennis (M&W), Volleyball (W).

Before the 1993-94 academic year, Hamilton's sports teams could not participate in any national postseason tournaments. The rule was changed that year, allowing Hamilton to participate in Division III tournaments in various sports. On May 18, 2008, Hamilton won its first NCAA championship, when its women's lacrosse team defeated Franklin & Marshall 13-6 in the finals of the NCAA tournament.

About 35% of Hamilton's student body participate in its varsity athletic programs. In addition to varsity sports, Hamilton sponsors several club and intramural sports. Club sports include alpine skiing, curling, equestrianism, figure skating, men's rugby, women's rugby, tae kwon do, ultimate frisbee, and women's golf. In 2008 the men's rugby team placed fourth in the national Division III tournament.[33]

Hamilton's mascot is a Continental, a soldier in America's Continental Army of the Revolutionary War. The college's colors are buff and blue, likely derived from the colors of the 1779 Continental Army's New York regimental coats, which were blue with buff facings. The college's eponym, Alexander Hamilton, played a central role in the Continental Army as General George Washington's Chief of Staff. At many sporting events, Hamilton is represented by the Al-Ham (an abbreviation of Alexander Hamilton) pig. The pig, large, anthropomorphic, and dressed in a Hamilton basketball jersey and a Continental soldier's tricorn hat, was introduced in the early 2000s in an attempt to boost school spirit and interest in Hamilton's athletics program.

Rocking Chair Classic: Since 1980, the annual football game between Hamilton and Middlebury College has been designated the Rocking Chair Classic. The winning team keeps the Mac-Jack Rocking Chair for the following year. The rivalry has been dominated by Middlebury, which has won the last 14 matches.

Demographics

Hamilton typically enrolls about 1812 students. Fifty percent are male, and fifty percent are female. The middle 50% of SAT scores for students at Hamilton is 1960 to 2230. About 60% of students come from public schools, and 40% come from private schools. Hamilton's students come from 49 U.S. states and 45 countries.[34] Of the applicants who applied for the class of 2019, 23.9% were accepted.[35] A recent year reported that 5% of Hamilton students were described as international, 5% as African-American, 1% as Native American, 8% as Asian/Pacific Islander, 4% Hispanic, 70% White, and 9% as unknown ethnicity.

Controversies

In 2002, then-President Eugene Tobin resigned after admitting that he had failed to give proper attribution to quoted material in speeches.[36]

In 2005, efforts to bring the scholar Ward Churchill to speak on campus were controversial, as he had aroused considerable hostility due to his remarks following the 9/11 attacks in which he compared the victims to Nazis. His appearance was cancelled due to protests.[37][38][39]

The college's decision in 2004 to hire Sue Rosenberg, a former political radical and ex-convict who had served 16 years in federal prison for possession of explosives and weapons, was criticized. She was implicated, but not indicted, in the 1981 Brinks robbery during which two policemen and an armed Brinks guard were killed.[40]

Professor Robert L. Paquette complained when an independent student group brought Annie Sprinkle an actress and former porn-star, as a speaker.[41] Paquette later led an attempt to create the Alexander Hamilton Center on campus, but it was unsuccessful.[42]

College songs

Alumni and faculty

Notable Hamilton alumni include abolitionist Gerrit Smith (1818); U.S. Secretary of State and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Elihu Root (1864); U.S. Vice President James S. Sherman (1878); pharmaceutical entrepreneur William Bristol (1887); pharmaceutical entrepreneur John Myers (1887); world-renowned poet Ezra Pound (1905); drama critic and Algonquin Round Table member Alexander Woollcott (1909); Alex Osborn (1909), credited with the creativity technique brainstorming; jurist and diplomat Philip Jessup (1919); psychologist B. F. Skinner (1926); pathologist Lauren Ackerman (1927); diplomat Sol Linowitz (1935); sexuality researcher William Masters (1938); Nobel Prize Winner Paul Greengard (1948); Tony Award-winning writer Thomas Meehan (1951); The Bank of New York president J. Carter Bacot (1955); civil rights leader Robert Parris Moses (1956); Delaware governor Michael Castle (1961); novelist Terry Brooks (1966); Procter & Gamble president A.G. Lafley (1969); Tony Award-winning playwright Richard Nelson (1971); U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and Iowa governor Tom Vilsack (1972); Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Melinda Wagner (1979); Netflix cofounder Marc Randolph (1981); novelist Peter Cameron (1982); civil rights advocate Mary Bonauto (1983); novelist Amanda Filipacchi (1988); actor and writer for The Office Paul Lieberstein (1989); Chief Executive Officer of Legendary Pictures Thomas Tull, (1992); novelist Kamila Shamsie (1994); and Academy Award-winning screenwriter and actor Nat Faxon (1997).

Notable enrollees who did not graduate include abolitionist Theodore Weld and actor Peter Falk.

Alumni from prominent works of fiction include newspaper editor Charles Webb from the Thornton Wilder play Our Town.

Notable faculty have included philosophers such as Leo Strauss; writers such as Natalie Babbitt, Alex Haley, and poet Howard Nemerov; composers such as Jay Reise; and diplomats and politicians such as Edward S. Walker, Jack F. Matlock, Jr. and Bernie Sanders.

See also

References

  1. ↑ As of June 30, 2015. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2014 to FY 2015" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Facts about Hamilton". Hamilton College. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  3. ↑ http://www.hamilton.edu/styleguides/graphicidentity/college-colors
  4. ↑ Arader, Graham (2011-07-14). "Graham Arader: Icnonic College View of the Day: "Hamilton College" Richard Rummell (1848-1924)". Grahamarader.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  5. ↑ "AUTONOMY OF HAMILTON COLLEGE.; President Stryker Asserts the Institution's Independence of the Presbyterian Synod.". New York Times. 1893-12-22. Retrieved 2008-08-09.
  6. ↑ "Commodore Melancthon Taylor Woolsey and Susan Cornelia Tredwell". Iment.com. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  7. ↑ Archived August 19, 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ↑ "Hamilton College". EwingCole. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  9. 1 2 "Alumni Review - Fall 2008 - The Kirner-Johnson Building - page 1 - Hamilton College". Hamilton.edu. 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  10. ↑ "Excelsior: The New Kirner-Johnson - Overview - Hamilton College". Hamilton.edu. 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  11. ↑ "Sage Rink". Roaming The Rinks. 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  12. ↑ "Hamilton College - Campus Tour - Tour Pages". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  13. ↑ Clinton (2015-08-25). "Village Of Clinton: History: History [Digital Towpath]". Village.clinton.ny.us. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  14. ↑ "Hamilton College - Campus Tour - Tour Pages". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  15. ↑ "Hamilton Opens New Center and Names It For Two Trustees - Hamilton College". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  16. ↑ "Days-Massolo Center Dedicated - Hamilton College". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  17. 1 2 "Root Glen History". Hamilton College.
  18. ↑ "Hamilton College Website, Academics Overview". Hamilton.edu. 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  19. ↑ "Academic Regulations". Hamilton College. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  20. ↑ Office of Admission (2001-08-15). "Hamilton College Website, Standardized Testing Requirements". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  21. ↑ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  22. ↑ "Liberal Arts Colleges Rankings". America's Best Colleges 2016. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved January 31, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Washington Monthly's 2015 Liberal Arts College Rankings". Washington Monthly. August 24, 2015.
  24. 1 2 "US News Best Colleges Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. 2015.
  25. ↑ "America's Top Colleges". Forbes. 2014-07-30.
  26. ↑ "Kiplinger's Best College Values". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. December 2014.
  27. ↑ "The Princeton Review's 2013 Best Value Colleges". Princetonreview.com. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  28. ↑ Hamilton College Website, "Virtual Tour" Archived September 4, 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ "Gender-Neutral Housing Policy In Place - Hamilton College". Hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  30. ↑ "Home". Whcl.org. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  31. ↑ "The Spectator - Home - Hamilton College". Students.hamilton.edu. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  32. ↑ "The Shawn Grady Memorial Fund". Shawngradyfund.org. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  33. ↑ "HCRFC | Welcome". Hamiltonexiles.org. 2013-02-27. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  34. ↑ "'' At a Glance (Diversity)". Hamilton.edu. 2001-08-15. Retrieved 2013-07-13.
  35. ↑ Anderson, Nick. "Class of 2019 admit rates". Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  36. ↑ Lewin, Tamar (October 3, 2002). "Hamilton President Resigns Over Speech". New York Times.
  37. ↑ Brennan, Charlie. "'OTHER VOICES' TO JOIN CHURCHILL ON N.Y. PANEL," Rocky Mountain News, January 29, 2005 (Denver, CO)
  38. ↑ Steven K. Paulson (AP), "COLO. ASTIR OVER STANCE; STATE LEGISLATORS TARGET CU PROFESSOR WHOSE HAMILTON COLLEGE TALK WAS CANCELED," The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY), February 3, 2005
  39. ↑ "RADICAL PROFESSOR IGNITES FUROR WITH 9/11 CRITICISM; CONTROVERSY ERUPTS AFTER HE COMPARES WORLD TRADE CENTER VICTIMS TO NAZIS," St. Paul Pioneer Press (Minnesota), February 5, 2005, A7
  40. ↑ "TWC News - Rochester - Finger Lakes, Batavia". Capitalnews9.com. Retrieved 2015-11-06.
  41. ↑ Glenn Coin, The Post-Standard (Syracuse, NY), September 25, 2002
  42. ↑ Archived October 20, 2007 at the Wayback Machine

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