HMS Windsor Castle (1790)

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Windsor Castle.
History
UK
Name: HMS Windsor Castle
Ordered: 10 December 1782
Builder: Deptford Dockyard
Laid down: 19 August 1784
Launched: 3 May 1790
Fate: Broken up, 1839
Notes: Reduced to 74-guns in 1814
General characteristics [1]
Class & type: London-class ship of the line
Tons burthen: 1871 (bm)
Length: 177 ft 6 in (54.10 m) (gundeck)
Beam: 49 ft (15 m)
Depth of hold: 21 ft (6.4 m)
Propulsion: Sails
Sail plan: Full rigged ship
Armament:
  • 98 guns:
  • Gundeck: 28 × 32-pounder guns
  • Middle gundeck: 30 × 18-pounder guns
  • Upper gundeck: 30 × 12-pounder guns
  • Quarterdeck: 8 × 12-pounder guns
  • Forecastle: 2 × 12-pounder guns

HMS Windsor Castle was a 98-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 3 May 1790 at Deptford Dockyard.[1]

Dardanelles

Windsor Castle was part of Robert Calder's fleet at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1805. She shared in the prize and head money for the San Rafael and Firme captured on that day.[Note 1]

On 25 September a French squadron of five frigates and two corvettes under Commodore Eleonore-Jean-Nicolas Soleil was escorting a convoy ferrying supplies and troops to the French West Indies. A British squadron intercepted the convoy, which led to the Action of 25 September 1806, where the British captured four of the frigates: Armeide, Minerva, Indefatigable, and Gloire. The frigate Thétis and the corvette Sylphe escaped, with the Lynx managing to outrun Windsor Castle.[Note 2]

Duckworth's squadron forcing the Dardanelles

While in the Mediterranean she served during Vice Admiral Sir John Duckworth's unsuccessful 1807 Dardanelles Operation.[4] On 19 February, Windsor Castle suffered seven men wounded while forcing the Dardanelles. Near a redoubt on Point Pesquies the British encountered a Turkish squadron of one ship of 64 guns, four frigates and eight other vessels, most of which they ran aground. Marines from Pompee spiked the 31 guns on the redoubt. On 27 February Windsor Castle had one man killed assisting a Royal Marine landing party on the island of Prota.[5]

On the way out, the Turkish castle at Abydos fired on the British squadron. Granite cannonballs weighing 7-800 pounds and measuring 6'6" in circumference hit Windsor Castle, Standard and Active. Windsor Castle was badly damaged when an 800-pound stone shot from a Turkish cannon sheared off her main mast.[6] Windsor Castle had four men killed and 20 wounded in the withdrawal. In all, the British lost 29 killed and 138 wounded. No ship was lost.[5]

Windsor Castle accompanied Duckworth on the Alexandria expedition of 1807, and in May left Alexandria and sailed to Malta.

Fate

She was reduced to a 74-gun ship in 1814, and was eventually broken up in 1839.[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ A captain's share was worth ₤564 2s 4d; a seaman's share was worth ₤1 2s 4d.[2]
  2. ↑ A seaman's share of the prize money was worth ₤4 4s 4d.[3]

References

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Lavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 179.
  2. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 15997. p. 143. 3 February 1807.
  3. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16111. p. 113. 19 January 1808.
  4. ↑ Howard, pp.15-20.
  5. 1 2 James (1837), Vol. 4, pp. 296-312.
  6. ↑ Yeo, R., p. 683.

Bibliography

  • Howard, Edward (2003) Memoires of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, K.C. B., & c., Volume 2, Adamant Media Corporation.
  • James, William (1837), The Naval History of Great Britain, from the Declaration of War by France in 1793, to the Accession of George IV., R. Bentley 
  • Lavery, Brian (2003) The Ship of the Line - Volume 1: The development of the battlefleet 1650-1850. Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-252-8.
  • Yeo, Richard R., The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Routledge, 1999.
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