HMS Tartar (1907)

For other ships of the same name, see HMS Tartar.
History
United Kingdom
Name: HMS Tartar
Builder: J I Thornycroft
Launched: 25 June 1907
Fate: Sold for scrap 1921
General characteristics
Class & type: Tribal-class destroyer
Length: 255 ft (78 m)
Beam: 25 ft 6 in (7.77 m)
Draught: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Speed: 33 kn (38 mph; 61 km/h)
Engine room of the HMS Tartar. Photo caption from Popular Mechanics magazine March 1909

HMS Tartar was a Tribal class destroyer of the Royal Navy launched in 1907 and sold in 1921. During the First World War she served in the North Sea and the English Channel with the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.

Construction and design

HMS Tartar was ordered from the Southampton shipbuilder John I. Thornycroft & Company under the 1905–06 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy, one of five Tribal class destroyers ordered under that programme.[1] The Tribals derived from a requirement by the First Sea Lord "Jackie" Fisher, for a steam turbine powered, oil-fueled destroyer capable of at least 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph). Armament was specified as three 12 pounder (3 inch, 76 mm) 12 cwt guns[lower-alpha 1] and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[2][3] While the Admiralty laid down the basic requirements, the details of the design of individual ships was left to the builders, although the builder's designs did need to be approved by the Director of Naval Construction before orders were placed. This meant that individual ships of the class differed significantly from each other.[2][3]

Tartar was 274 feet 3 inches (83.59 m) long overall and 270 feet 0 inches (82.30 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 feet 0 inches (7.92 m) and a draught of 8 feet 4 inches (2.54 m). Displacement was 870 long tons (880 t) normal and 960 long tons (980 t) deep load.[4] Tartar had a turtleback forecastle, but with a raised bow compared with Mohawk (also fitted with a turtleback forecastle), thus avoiding the seakeeping problems that forced Mohawk to be rebuilt with a raised forecastle.[5] Six Thornycroft boilers (in three boiler rooms) fed steam to turbines driving three propeller shafts. The main high pressure turbine drove the centre shaft, with the outer shafts being fitted with low pressure turbines, together with cruise and astern turbines. Four funnels were fitted.[1][6] The ship's machinery was rated at 14,500 shaft horsepower (10,800 kW). The ship had a complement of 74 officers and men.[4]

Tartar was laid down at Thornycroft's Woolston shipyard on 13 November 1905 and launched on 25 June 1907.[7] Tartar made 36.3 knots (67.2 km/h; 41.8 mph) during sea trials,[1] with one run during final trials on 16 December reaching a speed of 37.037 knots (68.593 km/h; 42.621 mph), a speed record.[8][lower-alpha 2] She was completed in April 1908.[7] It had been realised during construction that the armament of the Tribals was too light, so it was decided to strengthen the armament of the first five ships of the class by adding another two 12-pounder guns. The two guns were added to Tartar following acceptance by the Royal Navy.[10]

Service

Tartar formed part of the 1st Destroyer Flotilla of the Home Fleet when it was formed in 1909 and remained part of this formation until 1913, when she joined the 4th Destroyer Flotilla based at Portsmouth.[11][12] In October that year, the Tribals were officially designated the F class, and as such the letter "F" was painted on the bows of the class.[13][14] In February 1914, the Tribals (including Tartar), as their range was too short for effective open sea operations, were sent to Dover, forming the 6th Destroyer Flotilla.[11][13] On 8 September 1915, the destroyer Leven was involved in a collision with a transport in the English Channel, suffering a badly damaged bow. She was towed stern first back to Dover, assisted by Tartar, Viking and the tug Lady Crundall.[15]

On the night of 26/27 October 1916, German torpedo boats of their Flanders Flotilla carried out a large scale raid into the English Channel, hoping to attack the drifters watching the anti-submarine nets of the Dover Barrage, and to sink Allied shipping in the Channel. Six Tribal-class destroyers (Tartar, Mohawk, Viking, Nubian, Amazon and Cossack) were being held at readiness at Dover as a fast response force, at readiness in Dover harbour, and when the German 5th Half Flotilla attacked the drifters and sank the old supporting destroyer HMS Flirt, they were ordered to intervene. The destroyers split up as they left Dover harbour, with Viking leading Mohawk and Tartar from the Western entrance to the port, while the other three destroyers left by the Eastern entrance and failed to join up with Viking's group. Nubian and Amazon separately ran into the German 17th Half Flotilla, on its way home after sinking the merchant ship Queen, with Nubian first being badly damaged by a torpedo and Amazon then heavily hit by German shells. Viking's group then encountered a third German formation, the 18th Half Flotilla. Mohawk, second in line of the three British destroyers, was hit by German shells which caused her steering to jam, and turn out of line. Tartar followed Mowhawk's turn, while Viking's attempts to pursue the German torpedo boats were thwarted when her course was blocked by Mohawk. All the German torpedo boats that took part in the nights operations escaped successfully.[16]

Tartar struck a German mine on 24 June 1917, killing 43 of her crew, including her newly appointed Captain, G. K. Twiss, but was towed to safety.[11][17][18] By November 1917, Tartar had joined the 11th Destroyer Flotilla, based at Blyth, Northumberland.[19][20] On 18 February 1918, Tartar collided with the merchant ship Ardgantock off West Hartlepool, sinking the merchant ship.[15] Tartar still served with the 11th Submarine Flotilla on 11 November 1918, when the Armistice ended fighting between the Allies and Germany.[21]

Disposal

Tartar was sold for scrap on 9 May 1919 to Ward of Hayle.[22]

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number[22]Date
H291914
D08September 1915
D86January 1918

References

  1. ↑ cwt stands for hundredweight, 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.
  2. ↑ Newspaper reports credited Tartar with speeds as high as 38 knots (70 km/h; 44 mph) in 1909.[9]
  1. 1 2 3 Friedman 2009, p. 108
  2. 1 2 Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 71–72
  3. 1 2 Friedman 2009, pp. 107–108
  4. 1 2 Friedman 2009, p. 293
  5. ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 106, 109
  6. ↑ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 71
  7. 1 2 Friedman 2009, p. 305
  8. ↑ "The Official Trials of the Tartar" (PDF). The Engineer. 20 December 1907. p. 624. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  9. ↑ "Destroyer's Speed: A World Record". The Age (Melbourne, Australia). 18 January 1909. p. 7.
  10. ↑ Friedman 2009, pp. 109–110
  11. 1 2 3 "NMM, vessel ID 377687" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iv. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  12. ↑ Manning 1961, p. 25
  13. 1 2 Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 72
  14. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 100
  15. 1 2 "Part 10 - British Naval Vessels, Lost, Damaged and Attacked, update of "British Vessels Lost at Sea", HMSO, 1919". Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Data, 1914-1918. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  16. ↑ Newbolt 1928, pp. 55–64
  17. ↑ Bacon 1919, pp. 361, 625
  18. ↑ Kindell, Don. "1st - 30th June 1917 in date, ship/unit & name order". World War 1 - Casualty Lists of the Royal Navy and Dominion Navies. Naval-History.net. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  19. ↑ "Supplement to the Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands &c.: I.—The Grand Fleet: Tenth Submarine Flotilla". The Navy List: 12. November 1917.
  20. ↑ "Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Date, 1914–1918: Part 2 - Admiralty "Pink Lists", 2 January 1918". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  21. ↑ "Ships of the Royal Navy - Location/Action Date, 1914–1918: Part 2 - Admiralty "Pink Lists", 11 November 1918". Naval-History.net. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  22. 1 2 Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 60

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