HMAS Cowra

HMAS Cowra in 1944
History
Australia
Namesake: Town of Cowra, New South Wales
Builder: Poole & Steel
Laid down: 12 August 1942
Launched: 27 May 1943
Commissioned: 8 October 1943
Decommissioned: 4 December 1946
History
Recommissioned: 20 February 1951
Decommissioned: 26 June 1953
Reclassified: Training ship (1951)
Honours and
awards:
Fate: Sold for scrap in 1961
General characteristics
Class & type: Bathurst-class corvette
Displacement: 650 tons (standard), 1,025 tons (full war load)
Length: 186 ft (57 m)
Beam: 31 ft (9.4 m)
Draught: 10 ft (3.0 m)
Propulsion: triple expansion engine, 2 shafts
Speed: 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph)
Complement: 85
Armament:

HMAS Cowra (J351/M351), named for the town of Cowra, New South Wales, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).[1]

Design and construction

In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate.[2][3] The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph), and a range of 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km; 2,300 mi)[4] The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph) top speed, and a range of 2,850 nautical miles (5,280 km; 3,280 mi), armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels.[2][5] Construction of the prototype HMAS Kangaroo did not go ahead, but the plans were retained.[6] The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including Cowra) ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.[2][7][8][9][1]

Cowra was laid down by Poole & Steel at Balmain, New South Wales on 12 August 1942.[1] She was launched on 27 May 1943 by the wife of Percy Spender, the Federal Treasurer and member of the Advisory War Council, and was commissioned into the RAN on 8 October 1943.[1]

Operational history

Cowra began active service in November 1943 as a convoy escort along the east coast of Australia.[1] She continued until March 1944, when she was reassigned to New Guinea as an escort and anti-submarine patrol vessel.[1] In June 1944, the corvette sailed to Melbourne for refits, which concluded on 19 August.[1] She returned to New Guinea at the end of the month, and for the next eleven months was primarily assigned to escort and patrol duties near Morotai.[1] In January 1945, Cowra fired on Japanese shore positions at Yalela Bay, before visiting Brisbane briefly in February 1945.[1] On 17 July, she was recalled to Australian waters, where she spent the rest of World War II.[1] The ship was awarded two battle honours—"Pacific 1943–45" and "New Guinea 1944"—for her wartime service.[10][11]

Following the end of the war, Cowra was assigned to the 20th Minesweeping Flotilla, and performed mine clearance operations in the waters of Australia, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.[1] On 2 December 1946, Cowra returned to Sydney and was decommissioned into reserve.[1]

On 20 February 1951, Cowra was recommissioned for use as a training ship for National Service trainees.[1]

Decommissioning and fate

Cowra was paid off for the second time on 26 June 1953.[1] In January 1961, the corvette was sold to the Kinoshita Company of Japan for scrapping.

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "HMAS Cowra". HMA Ship Histories. Sea Power Centre – Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
  2. 1 2 3 Stevens, The Australian Corvettes, p. 1
  3. ↑ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 103
  4. ↑ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–4
  5. ↑ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 103–5
  6. ↑ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, p. 104
  7. ↑ Stevens, A Critical Vulnerability, pp. 105, 148
  8. ↑ Donohue, From Empire Defence to the Long Haul, p. 29
  9. ↑ Stevens et al., The Royal Australian Navy, p. 108
  10. ↑ "Navy Marks 109th Birthday With Historic Changes To Battle Honours". Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  11. ↑ "Royal Australian Navy Ship/Unit Battle Honours" (PDF). Royal Australian Navy. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2012.

References

Books
Journal and news articles

External links

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