Gyaincain Norbu

Gyaincain Norbu
The 11th Panchen Lama (disputed)
Reign	8 December 1995 – present
Predecessor	Choekyi Gyaltsen
Born	(1990-02-13) 13 February 1990 Lhari County, Tibet, China

Gyaincain Norbu (Tibetan: ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་་, Wylie: Chos-kyi Rgyal-po, ZYPY: Qögyi Gyäbo ; also Gyaltsen Norbu, born 13 February 1990) is the 11th Panchen Lama of Tibetan Buddhism as recognised by the government of the People's Republic of China. He is also the vice president of the Buddhist Association of China.

Norbu was selected by the drawing of his name from a Golden Urn, a method used in the selection of, for example, the 11th Dalai Lama and the 8th Panchen Lama.^[1] Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the boy selected by the 14th Dalai Lama and Chadrel Rinpoche, the then-incumbent abbott of Tashilhunpo Monastery, has been detained in a series of unknown locations by the Chinese Government since the exile government selected him. Neither the Chinese nor the Tibetan exile governments recognize each other's selection for the Panchen Lama.^[2]

Names

Gyaincain Norbu's full religious name is Jêzün Lobsang Qamba Lhünzhub Qögyi'gyäbo Bäsangbo, although he is generally called Qoigyijabu. Meaning "Dharma king", this name can also be written Qögyi'gyäbo, Qögyi Gyäbo, Qoigyi'gyaibo, Qoigyi Gyaibo, Chökyi Gyalpo, Choekyi Gyalpo, or, in Wylie transliteration, Chos-kyi Rgyal-po. The Chinese equivalent is Quèjí Jiébù (确吉杰布).

The secular name, Gyaincain Norbu (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནོར་བུ་, Wylie: Rgyal-mtshan Nor-bu, ZYPY: Gyäncän Norbu ), can also be written Gyaencaen Norbu, Gyancain Norbu, or Gyaltsen Norbu.

Biography

Gyaincain Norbu was born on 13 February 1990 in Lhari County in northern Tibet Autonomous Region.^[3] He is the son of two Communist Party members.^[4] He had been living in Beijing during his early childhood to be educated in a Chinese way, and moved back to Tashilhunpo Monastery for his enthronement, in Shigatse, the official seat of the Panchen Lamas. He developed altitude sickness when he first moved back, but overcame it quickly.^[5] Since his selection as Panchen Lama, he has studied Tibetan Buddhism,^[6] to his studies he added Tibetan language, sutra, and logic at ten; he is bilingual in both Tibetan and Chinese.^[7] He spent most of his later childhood studying Buddhism in Beijing.^[6] In a rare appearance for his adolescent age, Norbu delivered a speech in Tibetan for the opening ceremony of the 2006 World Buddhist Forum about Buddhism and national unity.^[8] Reportedly, it received a cold reception among delegates,^[9] with fellow Buddhists making no attempt to greet Gyaltsen Norbu during greeting ceremonies ahead of the conference on Wednesday.^[10] Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama had not been invited, because he is viewed by China as "a long-time stubborn secessionist who has tried to split his Chinese motherland and break the unity among different ethnic groups."^[10]

Two years later, he denounced anti-Han riots in Lhasa, saying "We resolutely oppose all activities to split the country and undermine ethnic unity".^[11] China promotes him as "the public face of Tibetan Buddhism".^[12]

On 3 February 2010 Norbu was elected vice president of the Buddhist Association of China.^[13] Later that month, Norbu became at 20 the youngest member^[12] of the advisory body National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). Vice chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region Hao Peng praised his appointment, in particular for Norbu's "demonstrating the role of the living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism and encouraging more believers to participate in state affairs".^[14] He was not, however, made vice chairman of the CPPCC, as Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama was and was widely expected of Norbu. Still, the Tibetan government in exile expressed concern that his appointment could prejudice his position on the next Dalai Lama, who normally requires approval from the Panchen Lama.^[12]

On May 2010, he reported to the ethnically Tibetan earthquake zone of the 2010 Yushu earthquake and held prayer services for victims.^[15] In June, he gave speeches at Tibet University and Tibet University of Traditional Tibetan Medicine in Lhasa promoting the value of education.^[6] In response to the 2010 Gansu mudslide, in which Zhugqu County, a 1/3 Tibetan area was hit, he donated ¥50,000 to relief efforts and prayed for the victims.^[16] He pays visits to the Tashilhunpo Monastery, the traditional seat of the Panchen Lama, although he does not live there.^[7] The Asia Times describes him as "A slight man who wears thick glasses and traditional crimson robes".^[12]

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In Hong Kong on 26 April 2012 Gyaincain gave his first appearance outside of mainland China to address over a thousand monks at the Third World Buddhist Forum on the topic of Dharma.^[17]

Selection

Following the death of the Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama in 1989, both the Tibetan government in exile and the Chinese government started parallel processes in the six-year-long search for the 11th Panchen Lama.^[2]

The head of the Chinese government's Panchen Lama search committee at the time, Chadrel Rinpoche, was able to secretly communicate with the Dalai Lama. He planned to submit the Dalai Lama's favored choice to the government. When the government learned of this conspiracy,^[18] they arrested Chadrel.^[19] The Dalai Lama moved to pre-empt China's choice, and proclaimed his own preferred candidate, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, as the 11th incarnation of the Panchen Lama. Four days later, Chinese security forces escorted him from his home in Lhari County, stating that he "was at risk of being kidnapped by Tibetan separatists".^[19] China rejects Nyima as being "arbitrarily" chosen,^[20] while the Tibetan government in exile similarly insists on its candidate's legitimacy.

Chadrel was replaced on the search committee by Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen.^[21] The new committee decided to choose the Panchen Lama from a list of finalists by drawing lots from a Golden Urn. The Chinese custom of using the Golden Urn had been introduced in the year 1792 by the Qianlong Emperor and used to select the 10th, 11th, and 12th Dalai Lamas.^[18] Four days before his death, the China Tibet Information Center reports, the 10th Panchen Lama requested that the Golden Urn process be used to select his successor.^[22] According to Arjia Rinpoche, an important lama who attended the ceremony, Ye Xiaowen, the central government official in charge of the Panchen Lama issue, stated privately that the selection had been rigged in favor of Gyaincain Norbu.^[23]

Six-year-old Gyaincain Norbu was selected on 8 December 1995 with the religious name Qoigyijabu. Exiled Tibetan abbot Arjia Rinpoche, alleges that an official told him that the ceremony, which he attended, was rigged in favor of Norbu.^[24] Gyaincain Norbu was enthroned at Tashilhunpo Monastery and has since assumed the full functions of Panchen Lama.^[25]

Diplomatic meetings

On 14 September 2010, the foreign minister of Singapore, George Yeo, became the first foreign member of government to meet officially with Gyaincain Norbu, at the Xihuang Monastery in Beijing.^[26]

References

External links

• China Tibet Information Center – The 11th Panchen Lama
• BBC News article – "Tibet's missing spiritual guide"

Panchen Lamas Khedrup Gelek Pelzang Sönam Choklang Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen Lobsang Yeshe Lobsang Palden Yeshe Palden Tenpai Nyima Tenpai Wangchuk Thubten Chökyi Nyima Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen Disputed: Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (CTA) / Gyaincain Norbu (PRC) List of Panchen Lamas Tashilhunpo Monastery