Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow Гурбангулы́ Берды́мухамедов
President of Turkmenistan
Incumbent
Assumed office 21 December 2006 Acting: 21 December 2006 – 14 February 2007
Preceded by	Saparmurat Niyazov
Leader of the Democratic Party
In office 21 December 2006 – 18 August 2013 Acting: 21 December 2006 – 4 August 2007
Preceded by	Saparmurat Niyazov
Succeeded by	Kasymguly Babaev
Deputy Prime Minister of Turkmenistan
In office 1 March 2001 – 14 February 2007
President	Saparmurat Niyazov
Preceded by	Yevgeny Zemskov
Succeeded by	Raşit Meredow
Personal details
Born	(1957-06-29) 29 June 1957 Babarab, Turkmen SSR, Soviet Union
Political party	Democratic Party (Before 2013) Independent (2013–present)
Alma mater	Turkmen State Medical Institute
Religion	Sunni Islam

Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow^{[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]} (born June 29, 1957^[13]) is a Turkmen politician who has served as the President of Turkmenistan since 2006. Berdimuhamedow, a dentist by profession, served in the government under President Saparmurat Niyazov as Minister of Health beginning in 1997 and as Deputy Prime Minister beginning in 2001. He became Acting President following Niyazov's death on 21 December 2006 and subsequently won the February 2007 presidential election.^[14] He faced no meaningful opposition in the vote and won by an overwhelming margin. In the February 2012 presidential election, he was re-elected with 97% of the vote.^[15] He uses the honorable title Arkadag, meaning "protector".^[16]

Early years and private life

Berdimuhamedov was born on 29 June 1957 in Babarab in what is now the Geok Tepe etrap ("district") of Ahal province. He graduated from the Turkmen State Medical Institute in 1979 and entered a career in dentistry.^[17] He also received a PhD in medical sciences in Moscow.^[17] By 1992 he had become part of the dentistry faculty at the Medical Institute.

In an interview when asked about his life experience Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov said:

It is too early for me to write a detailed biography. My biography is in many respects typical of people of my generation.^[18]

On influencing factors to his character:

My parents always managed to maintain the hospitable atmosphere in the family. They were happy at an opportunity to communicate openly with people - friends and relatives. They always took active part in the resolving of other people's problems and difficulties...(more)...this necessity in empathy my parents had instilled in me in the childhood influenced, to the considerable extent, my choice to devote my life to medicine...(more)...readiness to help a neighbor is peculiar to the society as a whole, it may characterize the strength and moral health of the nation. The Turkmen literature has many splendid authors who gave the world their immortal works that express the profound Turkmen people's wisdom in a concentrated form. I admire Magtymguly, Andalib, Azadi, Kemine... Due to my medical education I read a lot the works of Ibn Sina (Avicenna), a great scholar of the medieval times, with great interest. The expanse of his interests and the depth of the scientist's judgments struck me. Ibn Sina was a great man not only as a doctor but as a philosopher and thinker as well.^[18]

In 1995, during the rule of Saparmurat Niyazov, Berdimuhamedov became head of the dentistry center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry.^[19] He was appointed to the government as Minister of Health in 1997, and he was additionally appointed as Deputy Prime Minister in 2001.^[20][21] In April 2004, Niyazov suspended Berdimuhamedov's salary for three months because healthcare workers were also not being paid.^[19]

The Health Ministry was responsible for carrying out Niyazov's notorious order to close all hospitals outside of the capital city and major regional towns in 2005.^[22]

According to a cable from the U.S. embassy in Ashgabat, Berdymukhamedov is married with two daughters and a son, but his wife lives in London. He has another daughter with his long-term Russian mistress.^[23]

President of Turkmenistan

With President Dmitry Medvedev and President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.

Following Niyazov's death in December 2006, the State Security Council of Turkmenistan appointed Berdimuhamedow as acting president.^[24] The Council stated in its announcement that Öwezgeldi Ataýew, who as the Chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan was to become the acting president, was not appointed "in view of the fact that the prosecutor-general had instituted criminal proceedings against him."^[25]

Article 60 of the Turkmen Constitution stipulated that the acting president "may not stand for election to the Presidency",^[26] which would have barred Berdimuhamedow from running in the 2007 presidential elections. However, on December 24, 2006, the People's Council voted to remove this provision, making him eligible for the election as one of the six chosen candidates, all members of the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan.^[27][28] Berdimuhamedov was supported by the political elite,^[29] and the official results showed him as winning 89% of the vote.^[14] In his first presidential trip abroad, Berdimuhamedov visited Saudi Arabia in mid-April 2007. There he performed the Umrah pilgrimage and met with King Abdullah.^[30] He then visited Russia and President Vladimir Putin at the end of the same month.

Berdimuhamedow with US President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.

In his April 2007 trip, Berdimuhamedov visited Islamic holy sites in Medina.^[31]

He has also been quoted as saying

A human being always communicates with God... There is no place for insincerity and craftiness. Even if you try to palter before God he will see it anyway. Truly, the one who can afford talking honestly and sincerely not only to God but people as well is happy.^[18]

After taking office, Berdimuhamedow reversed several of Niyazov's more eccentric policies. Internet cafes offering free and uncensored Web access opened in Ashgabat,^[32] compulsory education was extended from nine to ten years and classes in sports and foreign languages were re-introduced into the curriculum, and the government announced plans to open several specialized schools for the arts.^[33] President Berdimuhamedow has called for reform of education, health care and pension systems, and government officials of non-Turkmen ethnic origin who had been sacked by Niyazov were allowed to return to work.^[34] He also restored the pensions of 100,000 elderly people whose pensions Niyazov had slashed in the face of an unspecified budget crisis.^[35] Later on, he reopened the Turkmen Academy of Sciences, which had been closed by Niyazov.^[36]

Image of a peaceful Berdimuhamedow, on display outside the national horse-racing ground in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.

Berdimuhamedow also took steps to curb the extensive personality cult surrounding his predecessor. He called for an end to the elaborate pageants of music and dancing that formerly greeted the president on his arrival anywhere, and said that the Turkmen "sacred oath", part of which states that the speaker's tongue should shrivel if he ever speaks ill of Turkmenistan or its president, should not be recited multiple times a day but reserved for "special occasions."^[37] He also gave up his right to rename any landmarks, institutions, or cities.^[38] He also restored the traditional names of the months of the year and days of the week (Niyazov had renamed them after himself and his mother, among other things),^[39] and announced plans to move the infamous gold rotating statue of Niyazov from Ashgabat's central square.^[40] However, in 2015 a giant golden statue of Berdimuhamedow riding a horse atop a white marble cliff was erected in Ashgabat.^[41] In 2008, he fired Akmyrat Rejepow, the longtime chief of the presidential security detail and one of the main proponents of Niyazov's personality cult.^[42]

Although Berdimuhamedow's regime is much more open than Niyazov's, it is still rigidly authoritarian. Indeed, Berdimuhamedow has explicitly ruled out any move toward Western-style democracy.^[43] However, in August 2013, Berdimuhamedow suspended his DPT membership for the duration of his presidency in order to remain above partisan politics and promote a multiparty system.^[44]

Honours

Domestic awards

• 1994 – Star of President Order

Foreign awards

• 2007 –  United Arab Emirates : Order of Zayed
• 2007 –  Uzbekistan : Order of Distinguished Service
• 2008 –  Kazakhstan : Medal of the tenth anniversary of the capital city of Astana
• 2010 –  Tajikistan : Order Ismoili Samoni
• 2011 –  Bahrain : Order of Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa
• 2012 –  Turkey : First Class of the Order of the State of Republic of Turkey ^[45]
• 2013 –  Serbia: Order of the Republic of Serbia^[46]

See also

• Politics of Turkmenistan

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

• Presidency Official Website
• Turkmenistan Votes for Presidential Successor

Heads of State of Turkmenistan Turkmen SSR Ivan Mezhlauk Shaymardan Ibragimov Nikolay Paskutsky Grigory Aronshtam Yakov Popok Anna Mukhamedov Yakov Chubin Mikhail Fonin Shadzha Batyrov Balysh Ovezov Sukhan Babayev Dzhuma Durdy Karayev Balysh Ovezov Muhammetnazar Gapurow Saparmurat Niyazov Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow

Prime Ministers of Turkmenistan Turkmen SSR Kaikhaziz Atabayev Aitbay Khudaybergenov Sukhan Babayev Balysh Ovezov Dzhumadurdy Karayev Balysh Ovezov Abdy Annaliyev Muhammetnazar Gapurow Oraz Orazmuhammedow Bally Yazkuliyev Chary Karriyev Saparmurat Niyazov Annamyrat Hojamyradow Han Ahmedow Turkmenistan Han Ahmedow Saparmurat Niyazov Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow