Gunvor Hofmo

Gunvor Hofmo (30 June 1921 – 17 October 1995) was a Norwegian writer, often considered one of Norway's most influential modernist poets.^[1]

Literary career

Hofmo started her literary career submitting poems for publication to a wide variety of presses, including the communist newspaper Friheten and weekly magazines such as Hjemmet. One of her first published poems was dedicated to her close friend Ruth Maier and was published in Magasinet for Alle, opening with the lines:

During the Holocaust, Maier was arrested, deported, and murdered in Auschwitz, and this became by all accounts the central tragedy in Hofmo's life. She was hospitalized in 1943 for depression, starting a lifelong struggle with mental illness.

Following the war, Hofmo traveled extensively and wrote essays for publication, primarily in the daily newspaper Dagbladet. The topics included travel, Nordic poetry, and philosophical topics. Among her most noted contributions are a lengthy debate on the minimal daily cost of living a life barely out of penury in Paris and a treatise in defense of her poet colleague Olav Kaste.

In 1953, she stopped publishing essays and instead concentrated on her poetry. Dagbladet published seven of her poems between 1952 and 1956. She published five poetry collections between 1946 and 1955.

She was institutionalized at Gaustad Hospital, suffering from mental illness, characterized as schizophrenia, paranoid type, from 1955 to 1971, leading to what was known as her "16 years of silence." Following her discharge, she went into a period of considerable productivity, publishing fifteen poetry collections between 1971 and 1994. From 1977 to her death she never left her apartment in the Nordstrand section of Oslo.^[2][3]

Personal life

Although Gunvor Hofmo and Ruth Maier both characterized their relationship as unusually close and intimate, there is no indication that it was romantic or sexual.

In 1947, Hofmo moved in with another writer, Astrid Tollefsen and became one of the first Norwegians living in an openly lesbian relationship.^[4] They continued to live and travel together until Hofmo was incapacitated and committed for her mental illness.^[5]

Works

• Jeg vil hjem til menneskene – (1946) ("I want to go home to the humans")
• Fra en annen virkelighet – (1948) ("From another reality")
• Blinde nattergaler – (1951) ("Blind nightingales")
• I en våkenatt – (1954) ("In a waking night")
• Testamente til en evighet – (1955) ("A will to an eternity")
• Treklang – dikt i utvalg (1963) (published with Astrid Hjertenæs Andersen and Astrid Tollefsen) ("Triad")
• Gjest på jorden – (1971) ("Guest on Earth")
• November – (1972)
• Veisperringer – (1973) ("Road barriers")
• Mellomspill – (1974) ("Interlude")
• Hva fanger natten – (1976) ("What the night captures")
• Det er sent – (1978) ("It is late")
• Nå har hendene rørt meg – (1981) ("Now the hands have touched me")
• Gi meg til berget – (1984) ("Give me to the mountain")
• Stjernene og barndommen – (1986) ("The stars and the childhood")
• Nabot – (1987)
• Ord til bilder – (1989) ("Words to pictures")
• Fuglen – (1990) ("The bird")
• Epilog – (1994) ("Epilogue")
• Samlede dikt – collected poems(1996)
• Etterlatte dikt – poems (1997) (posthumously, edited by Jan Erik Vold)
• Jeg glemmer ingen – poems (1999) (edited by Jan Erik Vold, illustrated with water color paintings by Ruth Maier) ("I forget no one")

Prizes and awards

• Gyldendal's Endowment 1951
• Kritikerprisen 1971, for Gjest på jorden
• Gyldendal's Endowment 1974
• Dobloug Prize 1982
• Riksmålsforbundets litteraturpris 1989

References

• Vold, Jan Erik (2004). Mørkets sangerske (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal. ISBN 978-82-05-32891-4.