Gunns

Gunns Limited

Type	Public company
Traded as	ASX: GNS
Industry	Timber production
Founded	1875
Founder	John and Thomas Gunn
Headquarters	Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
Key people	Chris Newman (Chairman)
Revenue	A$406 million (2012)[1]
Profit	A$904 million (2012)
Number of employees	645 (2012)[2]
Divisions	Gunns Plantations Limited Gunns Forestry Limited Tamar Ridge Wines Gunns Retail Gunns Timber Products Gunns Pulp
Website	www.gunns.com.au

Gunns Limited is a major forestry enterprise located in Tasmania, Australia. It has operations in forest management, woodchipping, sawmilling and veneer production. The company was placed in voluntary administration in September 2012.

History

Founded in 1875 by brothers John and Thomas Gunn, it is one of Australia's oldest companies. It has over 900 square kilometres of plantations, mainly eucalyptus trees. It is Tasmania’s largest private land-owner. The company employs over 1,200 people and has suffered a dramatic turnaround in revenue in recent years, going from a turnover in excess of A$600 million in 2006, to a loss of over $350 million in 2011.^[3] Gunns is the largest export woodchip operation in the Southern Hemisphere, and one of two chip export companies sourcing raw materials from Tasmanian forests, the other being Neville Smith Forest Products through their SmartFiber branch in Bell Bay.^[4]

Operations

The move to expand its base into mainland operation began with the acquisition of Auspine in 2007.^[5] In September 2010, Gunns announced that it will end logging of old growth forests and move to plantation timber.^[6] In November 2011, the Gunns Mitre 10 stores were re-branded as Beck's Home Timber and Hardware, owned by the Danks Brothers Hardware Group, subsidiary of Woolworths Limited.^[7]

Gunns was placed into voluntary administration on 25 September 2012, after it was unable to raise further capital or restructure the business.^[2]

Victoria

In 2009, the company was awarded a contract to operate a new woodchip processing facility at Portland.^[8] The woodchipping mill was later sold off to Australian Bluegum Plantations in 2012, for $61.8 million.^[9]

South Australia

In South Australia the company managed blue gum plantations on Kangaroo Island.^[10] In Jamestown Gunns was a major customer of Morgan Sawmill.^[10]

Gunns bought the Tarpeena softwood sawmill from the now failed Forest Enterprises Australia. Which was later sold onto Timberlink.

Tasmania

Gunns operated sawmills across the state. It operated a total of three woodchipping mills in Tasmania alone in Longreach; near Bell Bay, Triabunna and Hampshire; near Burnie. The company was forced to close all three of these woodchipping mills and most of its sawmills in 2011. After being placed into voluntary administration in 2012, the Longreach mill was reopened and began exporting woodchips once again.^[11]

In 2008, operations at a sawmill in Scottsdale were restructured, resulting in the loss of 70 jobs.^[12] The sackings broke an agreement with the federal government, leading to the cancellation of substantial funding assistance.^[13] In the same year, around 135 workers at another Auspine sawmill at Tonganah lost their jobs after a softwood timber contract had gone to a competitor.^[14]

Western Australia

Gunns operates three hardwood sawmills in Western Australia. Their nationwide product line of timber flooring includes the hardwood, Jarrah, found in the southwest of the state. The timber is reddish-brown when hewn and is, "renowned for its beauty, warmth and durability".^[15] Their environmental initiatives include achieving certification under International standard ISO 14001:2004.^[16] Gunns supplies local trade and retail markets from its distribution yard in Welshpool, near Perth.

Criticism

Anti-pulpmill rally (April 2007)

The company has been the focus of criticism from environmentalists, primarily for its four woodchip mills which produce 4 million tonnes of chips for export annually. Green groups claim that native forests are harvested specifically for woodchipping, whereas Gunns claim that the majority of their chips come from residue from their sawmilling and veneer operations. Gunns' major customers are paper producers in Northern Asia, mainly Japan, including Mitsubishi, Nippon and Oji Paper. Gunns has also been criticized for its logging operations in the Styx Valley and for its use of 1080 poison to kill wildlife including protected species (baiting and particularly aerial spraying of forest prior to clearfelling ^[4]).

In 1989, the chairman of Gunns, Edmund Rouse, unsuccessfully attempted to bribe a Labor member, Jim Cox, to cross the floor, which would have allowed the pro-logging Tasmanian government of premier Robin Gray and the Liberal Party to resume power. A Royal Commission followed and convicted Rouse.^[17] Robin Gray became director of Gunns Limited on 21 February 2000. He retired from the position in 2010.

Further allegations of corruption appeared when Paul Lennon, Premier of Tasmania, had his heritage home renovated by a Gunns-owned company at the height of Gunns' push for the Bell Bay Pulp Mill. Lennon refused to disclose how much he paid for the renovations.^[18]

Bell Bay Pulp Mill

The proposed mill site taken from Kayena, Tasmania

The company was planning to build a $2 billion pulp mill in the Tamar Valley, near Launceston. The proposed mill would have used the Kraft process, Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching, and been fed with plantation eucalypt forest timber. The project was supported by the State Government for the perceived economic and employment benefits which were said to include $6.7 billion in spending over 25 years and 2000 temporary jobs created during the construction phase,^[19] but was opposed by environmental and social activist groups. Federal Environment Minister Malcolm Turnbull gave approval for the project on Wednesday 3 October 2007.^[20] This decision was however challenged by The Wilderness Society and later overturned on appeal due to alleged flaws discovered in the approval process.

Gunns 20

In the 2005 Gunns Limited v Marr & Ors case,^[21] Gunns filed a writ in the Supreme Court of Victoria, against 20 individuals and organisations including Senator Bob Brown, for over A$7.8 million .^[22]

Some members of the "Gunns 20" at a protest rally, December 2004 (Bob Brown centre, Peg Putt right)

The original list of defendants were:

Gunns claims that the defendants have sullied its reputation and caused it to lose jobs and profits. The defendants claim that they are protecting the environment. The defendants have become collectively known as the "Gunns 20".^[23]

Opponents and critics of the case have suggested that the writ was filed with the intent to discourage public criticism of the company, in a similar vein to a Strategic lawsuit against public participation, commonly used in North America,^[24][25] and the English McLibel case of McDonald's Restaurants against environmental activists Helen Steel and David Morris over a pamphlet critical of the company.^[26] Gunns has maintained the position that they are merely trying to prevent parties enjoined to the writ from undertaking unlawful activities that disrupt their business. The statement of claim alleged incidents of assault against forestry workers and vandalism.^[27][28]

At a hearing before the Supreme Court of Victoria, an amended statement of claim lodged by the company and served on defendants on 1 July 2005 was dismissed.^[21] However, the judge in the case granted the company leave to lodge a third version of their statement of claim with the court no later than 15 August 2005.^[21]

The application continued before the court, before being brought to a close on 20 October 2006.^[22] In his ruling, The Honourable Justice Bongiorno, made an award of costs in favour of the respondents only as far as it covered those costs incurred with the striking out the third version of the statement of claim, and costs incurred associated with their application for costs.^[22]

In November 2006, Gunns dropped the case against Helen Gee, Peter Pullinger and Doctors for Forests. In December 2006, it abandoned the claim against Greens MPs Bob Brown and Peg Putt.^[29] The other matters were all settled in favour of Gunns following the payment of more than $150,000 in damages or, in some cases, undertakings to the court not to protest at certain locations.

See also

• Woodchipping in Australia

References

Further reading

• Lyons, Brendan (1998). All Gunns blazing: J. and T. Gunn and the development of Launceston, 1871-1997. Launceston: Foot and Playsted. ISBN 0-9585990-6-8. 
• Woodchips, lawsuits and democracy : a discussion of issues relevant to Tasmania in 2005. Sandy Bay, Tasmania: Now We the People. 2005. 
• Greg Ogle (2005). Gunning for change : the need for public partication law reform. Hobart: Wilderness Society. 

External links

• Gunns Limited
• Pulp Mill Project
• Gunns on SourceWatch
• Gunns Limited overview from The Wilderness Society.