Greenville, South Carolina

Greenville
City
City of Greenville


Seal
Logo

Location in South Carolina
Coordinates: 34°50′40″N 82°23′8″W / 34.84444°N 82.38556°W / 34.84444; -82.38556Coordinates: 34°50′40″N 82°23′8″W / 34.84444°N 82.38556°W / 34.84444; -82.38556
Country  United States of America
State  South Carolina
County Greenville
Founded 1831
Government
 • Mayor Knox H. White (R)
Area
 • City 67.7 km2 (26.1 sq mi)
 • Land 67.3 km2 (26.0 sq mi)
 • Water 0.2 km2 (0.1 sq mi)  0.23%
 • Urban 829.4 km2 (320.3 sq mi)
 • Metro 7,221 km2 (2,788 sq mi)
Elevation 294 m (966 ft)
Population (2014)
 • City 62,252[1]
 • Rank 6th (SC)
 • Density 911.7/km2 (2,361.4/sq mi)
 • Urban 400,492 (US: 93rd)
 • MSA 850,965[2] (US: 65th)
 • CSA 1,438,550[3] (38th)
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 29601-29617, 29698.
Area code(s) 864
FIPS code 45-30850
GNIS feature ID 1245842[4]
Website www.greenvillesc.gov

Greenville (/ˈɡriːnvɪl/; locally /ˈɡriːnvəl/) is the county seat of Greenville County in the upstate region of the state of South Carolina, in the United States.[5] The city's mayor is Knox White, who has served as the mayor of Greenville since December 1995.[6] With a population of 62,252 as of 2014, it is the sixth-largest municipality in the state.[7] The population of the surrounding area was 400,492 as of 2010, making it the third-largest urban area in South Carolina as well as the fastest growing.[8] Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The MSA had a population of 850,965 in 2013, making it the largest in South Carolina and the fourth largest in the Carolinas.[2]

Greenville is the largest city in the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Combined Statistical Area. According to GSA Business Market Facts, the CSA had a population of 1,438,550 as of 2013, putting it in the position of largest in the state.[3] The CSA, a 10-county region of northwestern South Carolina, is known as "The Upstate". Greenville is located approximately halfway between Atlanta, Georgia and Charlotte, North Carolina along Interstate 85, and its metropolitan area also includes Interstates 185 and 385.

Greenville has gained recognition in various national publications such as CNN Money, which ranked Greenville as one of the "Top 10 Fastest Growing Cities in the U.S." Bloomberg named Greenville the 3rd Strongest Job Market, 2010; and Forbes named Greenville the 13th Best City for Young Professionals. Additionally, the state of South Carolina has been ranked within the top 10 fastest-growing states and economies by the U.S. Commerce Department.

History

Cherokee Land

Falls Park and McBee's Mill in 1844.

The land of present-day Greenville was once the hunting ground of the Cherokee which was forbidden to colonists. A settler named Richard Pearis married a Cherokee woman and received about 100,000 acres from the Cherokee around 1770. Pearis established a plantation on the Reedy River called the Great Plains in present-day downtown Greenville. The American Revolution divided the South Carolina country between the Loyalists and Patriots. Pearis supported the Loyalists and together with their allies the Cherokee attacked the Patriots. The Patriots retaliated by burning down Pearis' plantation and jailing him in Charleston. Pearis never returned to his plantation but Paris Mountain is named after him.[9] The Treaty of Dewitt's Corner in 1777 ceded almost all Cherokee land, including present-day Greenville, to South Carolina.[10]

From Pleasantburg to Greenville

Greenville County was created in 1786 and named after Nathanael Greene or possibly an early settler named Isaac Green. Lemuel J. Alston came to Greenville County in 1788. Alston bought 400 acres and a portion of Pearis' former plantation. In 1797 Alston used his land holdings to establish a village called Pleasantburg where he also built a stately mansion. Vardry McBee purchased Alston's land in 1816 who then leased the Alston mansion for a summer resort. McBee decided to make the mansion his home in 1835 until his death in 1864. Considered to be the father of Greenville, McBee donated land for many structures such as churches, academies and a cotton mill. Furman University was funded by McBee who helped bring the university to Pleasantburg from Winnsboro, South Carolina in 1851. In 1853 McBee and other Greenville County leaders funded a new railroad called the Greenville and Columbia Railroad. Pleasantburg boomed to around 1,000 in the 1850s due to the growth of McBee's donations and the attraction of the town as a summer resort for visitors.[11][12] In 1831 Pleasantburg was incorporated as Greenville.[13]

Civil War

Greenville in the 1850s favored Union until events such as John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry and Abraham Lincoln's election persuaded the town to vote secession in 1860. During the American Civil War Pleasantburg became a town for refugees fleeing from the Union Army. The town supplied food, clothing, and firearms to the Confederacy. Greenville saw no action from the war until 1865 when Federal troops came through the town looking for President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy. In June 1865 Andrew Johnson appointed Greenville County native Benjamin Franklin Perry as Governor of South Carolina.[11]

Main Street around 1910.

Modern Greenville

In February 1869, Greenville's Town Charter was amended by the S. C. General Assembly establishing Greenville, the town, as a city. Construction boomed in the 1870s such as the establishment of a bridge over the Reedy River, new mills on the river and new railroads. The Greenville News was established in 1874 as Greenville's first daily newspaper. Southern Bell installed the first telephone lines in the city. The most important infrastructure that came to the city were cotton mills. Prominent cotton mill businesses operated near Greenville making it a cotton mill town. By 1915 Greenville became known as the "Textile Center of the South."[11]

During World War I, Greenville served as a training camp center for Army recruits. After World War I commercial activity expanded with new movie theaters and department stores. The Mansion House was demolished and replaced with the Poinsett Hotel in 1925.[11] The Great Depression hurt the economy of Greenville forcing mills to lay off workers. Furman University and the Greenville Women's College also struggled in the crippling economy forcing them to merge in 1933. The Textile Workers Strike of 1934 caused such an uproar in the city and surrounding mill towns that the National Guard had to subdue the chaos. The New Deal established Sirrine Stadium and a new Greenville High School. The Greenville Army Air Base was established in 1942 during World War II contributing to the further growth of Greenville.[11]

After World War II Greenville's economy surged with the establishment of new downtown stores and the expansion of the city limits. Furman University doubled its student population and moved to a new location. Higher education facilities such as Bob Jones University in 1947 and Greenville Technical College in 1962 were established in Greenville. The Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport was established in nearby Greer in 1962. The economy of Greenville finally waned in the 1970s leaving a void in downtown Greenville due to the flight of many retailers. Mayor Max Heller revitalized downtown Greenville by establishing the Greenville County Museum of Art and the Hughes Main Library. Main Street was then converted into a two-lane road lined with trees and sidewalks.[14]

Geography

Greenville is located at 34°50′40″N 82°23′8″W / 34.84444°N 82.38556°W / 34.84444; -82.38556 (34.844313, −82.385428),[15] roughly equidistant between Atlanta, Georgia (120 miles southwest), and Charlotte, North Carolina.

Downtown Greenville from the air.

Greenville is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains, a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian Mountains range, and includes many small hills. Sassafras Mountain, the highest point in South Carolina, is in northern Pickens County, which adjoins Greenville County to the west. Many area television and radio station towers are on Paris Mountain, the second most prominent peak in the area, less than 7 miles (11 km) from downtown Greenville. According to the United States Census Bureau, Greenville has a total area of 26.1 square miles (68 km2), of which 26.1 square miles (68 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) is water.

Greenville is located in the Brevard Fault Zone and has had occasional earthquakes, though they are minor.

Climate

Greenville, like much of the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States, has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with four distinct seasons; the city is part of USDA Hardiness zone 7b/8a.[16] Winters are short and generally cool, with a January daily average of 42.2 °F (5.7 °C). On average, there are 59 nights per year that drop to or below freezing, and only 1.3 days that fail to rise above freezing.[17] April is the driest month, with an average of 3.36 inches (85 mm) of precipitation.

Summers are hot and humid, with a daily temperature average in July of 79.9 °F (26.6 °C). There are an average 43 days per year with highs at or above 90 °F (32 °C).[17] Official record temperatures range from 107 °F (42 °C) on July 1, 2012, down to −6 °F (−21 °C) on January 30, 1966; the record cold daily maximum is 19 °F (−7 °C) on December 31, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on July 12, 1937, the last of three occasions.[17] The average window for freezing temperatures is November 4 thru April 1, allowing a growing season of 217 days.[17]

Precipitation is generally less frequent in autumn than spring [17] and, on average, Greenville receives 47.2 inches (1,200 mm) of precipitation annually, which is somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although summer is slightly wetter; annual precipitation has historically ranged from 31.08 in (789 mm) in 2007 to 72.53 in (1,842 mm) in 1908.[17] In addition, there is an average of 4.7 inches (11.9 cm) of snow, occurring mainly from January thru March, with rare snow occurring in November or April. More frequent ice storms and sleet mixed in with rain occur in the Greenville area; seasonal snowfall has historically ranged from trace amounts as recently as 2011–12 to 21.4 in (54 cm) in 1935–36.[17] These storms can have a major impact on the area, as they often pull tree limbs down on power lines and make driving hazardous.

Law and government

The city of Greenville adopted the Council-Manager form of municipal government in 1976.[20]

Attractions

As the largest city in the Upstate, Greenville offers many activities and attractions. Greenville's theaters and event venues regularly host major concerts and touring theater companies. Four independent theaters present several plays a year.

Notable event venues

Landmarks

Falls Park on the Reedy.

Festivals

Education

Public schools

The Greenville County School District is the largest school district in the state of South Carolina and ranked the 49th largest district in the United States, with 14 high schools, 18 middle schools, and 50 elementary schools in the district.[32][33] With a budget of $426 Million, the district employs 5,200 teachers, 63.1% of which hold a master's degree or higher.[34] In addition to traditional public schools, Greenville's downtown area is home to the South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts & Humanities, a boarding school for young artists.

Private schools

James B. Duke Library at Furman University

In addition to public schools, Greenville county has a number of private and religious schools, including Camperdown Academy (for students with learning disabilities),[35] Christ Church Episcopal School (a college-preparatory Episcopalian school with an American school outside of Germany certified by the Bavarian Ministry of Education),[36] Shannon Forest Christian School (an evangelical Christian school),[37] Saint Joseph's Catholic School, Southside Christian School (established in 1967 by Southside Baptist Church), Hampton Park Christian School,[38] and Bob Jones Academy and Elementary School.

Colleges and universities

Greenville has several colleges and universities that first began with Furman University. Furman began as Furman Academy and Theological Institution in 1825 named after Richard Furman. The theological school of Furman broke away in 1858 and became Southern Baptist Theological Seminary now in Louisville, Kentucky.[39] North Greenville University was established in 1893 and is affiliated with the South Carolina Baptist Convention.[40] Bob Jones University was established in 1927 by Bob Jones, Sr. as a private non-denominational Protestant university.[41] Greenville Technical College was established in 1962 as a technical college. Clemson University has a campus in Greenville called Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research that focuses on automotive research.[42] University of South Carolina also has a campus in Greenville called the University of South Carolina - School of Medicine that is a four-year medical school.[43]

Economy

Lockheed C-130 Hercules takes off from Donaldson Center Airport.

Greenville's economy was formerly based largely on textile manufacturing, and the city was long known as "The Textile Capital of the World." In the last few decades, favorable wages and tax benefits have lured foreign companies to invest heavily in the area. The city is the North American headquarters for Michelin, AVX Corporation, CertusBank, and Scansource. In 2003, the International Center for Automotive Research was created, establishing CUICAR as the new model for automotive research. The Center for Emerging Technologies in mobility and energy was opened in 2011, hosting a number of companies in leading edge R&D and the headquarters for Sage Automotive.

When the former Donaldson Air Force Base closed, the land became the South Carolina Technology and Aviation Center, and became home to a Lockheed Martin aircraft and logistics center, as well as facilities operated by 3M and Honeywell. Donaldson Center Airport now occupies the former air base as a public airport.

Caterpillar Inc. has a diesel engine manufacturing plant and engineering operations located in Greenville. General Electric has a gas turbine, Aviation and wind energy manufacturing operations located in Greenville. O'Neal, Inc. a project planning, design, and construction firm, has its headquarters in Greenville.[44]

Hospitals

Greenville has two main health systems, the Bon Secours St. Francis Health System and the Greenville Health System.

Bon Secours St. Francis Health System, which includes St. Francis Downtown; St. Francis Eastside; and St. Francis Outpatient Center and Upstate Surgery Center, is ranked among the best hospitals in the nation by HealthGrades for heart surgery and overall orthopedic services.

The extensive Greenville Health System (formerly known as Greenville Hospital System) is a non-profit academic medical center which, with five campuses, including Greenville Memorial Medical Center, North Greenville Long Term Acute Care Hospital and ER, Hillcrest Hospital, Greenville Memorial Hospital Patewood Campus, and the newest Greer Memorial Hospital. It is one of the largest employers in the region. It was recognized for 2010-2011 as a top provider of Cardiac and Gastroenterology Care by U.S. News & World Report. GHS also boasts the only Children's Hospital in the Upstate region of South Carolina, with the majority of Pediatric Specialties represented for inpatient and outpatient care. GHS hosts a full four-year branch of the University of South Carolina School of Medicine. There are numerous residencies for training physicians at GHS including Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Family Practice, OBGYN, General Surgery, Orthopedic Surgery and fellowships in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics and Vascular Surgery.

Additionally, Greenville's Shriners Hospital for Children exclusively treats pediatric orthopaedic patients free of charge.

Transportation

Greenville is located on the Interstate 85 corridor, approximately halfway between Atlanta and Charlotte. The northern terminus of Interstate 385 is located downtown, and the area is also served by Interstate 185 and U.S. Highway 123 (Calhoun Memorial Highway). Other major highways include U.S. 25, U.S. 29 and U.S. 276.

There are several airports servicing the Greenville area. The largest in the region, Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport (GSP), is the second busiest in the state and is served by most major airlines. SCTAC (formerly Donaldson Air Base) has undergone significant moderization and is the site of the new South Carolina Army National Guard Aviation Support Facility (AASF) and proposed Super General Aviation Center. Greenville serves as a freight hub for FedEx Express. The Greenville Downtown Airport, is the busiest general aviation airport in South Carolina with nearly 80,000 take-offs and landings annually and more than 245 based aircraft.[45]

Public transit in Greenville is handled by the Greenville Transit Authority (GTA), which contracted out operations to the City Of Greenville in 2008 under a tri-party agreement with Greenville County. The City rebranded the service with the name Greenlink. Greenlink runs a bus system that serves the Greenville area, much of Greenville County including Mauldin and Simpsonville, and a portion of Pickens County via a connector to Clemson. Community leaders are in the early planning stages for a comprehensive transit system that will help ease the high traffic volume on interstates and roadways. Considerations include the expansion of the current Greenlink bus routes.

Greenville has an Amtrak station, which is part of Amtrak's Crescent, connecting Greenville with the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Charlotte, Atlanta, Birmingham and New Orleans. Additionally, Greenville is included in the proposed Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor, which will run from Washington, DC to Birmingham, AL. Freight railroad service is provided by CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, and the Carolina Piedmont Railroad. The former Greenville and Northern Railway line to Travelers Rest has been abandoned and converted into a hiking and biking trail.

Interstate 3

Interstate 3 is a proposed freeway that would begin in Savannah, Georgia, continue to Augusta, then possibly to Greenville, before reaching Knoxville, Tennessee. Greenville is not along the original I-3 route; however, there are several alternative routes, including one in which Greenville is a major destination along the highway.[46]

Sports teams

Spectators at a Greenville Drive game

Minor League sports teams:

Furman University:

Bob Jones University

Culture

Greenville has been named one of the "Top 100 Arts Small Towns in the United States." [48] The Bon Secours Wellness Arena, formally the Bi-Lo Center, brings national tours of many popular bands to downtown, and the Peace Center for the Performing Arts provides a venue for orchestras and plays. A planned multimillion-dollar renovation to the center's main concert hall lobby and riverside amphitheatre began in the spring of 2011.

The old Greenville County Courthouse

Visual art

A number of local artists operate studios and galleries in the city, especially the Village of West Greenville near downtown. The Metropolitan Arts Council and Upstate Visual Arts provide a number of public events that focus on the visual arts, including the First Fridays Art Walk, Greenville Open Studios, and the West Greenville Arts Festival. Greenville also provides some notable fine arts museums:

Music

Greenville's music scene features live performances by local jazz, country, and rock bands.

Lynyrd Skynyrd played their last concert with all original members in Greenville, on October 19, 1977.[51][52]

The city is home to the Greenville Symphony Orchestra, Greenville County Youth Orchestra, Carolina Youth Symphony, and the Carolina Pops Orchestra. The Boston Symphony Orchestra regularly performs at the former Bi-Lo Center. Greenville Light Opera Works (GLOW Lyric Theatre) is a professional lyric theatre in Greenville that produces Musical Theatre, Operetta and Opera.

The Palmetto Statesmen Barbershop Chorus and Quartets perform barbershop harmony and a cappella singing at various locations throughout the Upstate.[53] The Palmetto Statesmen Chorus is a member of the Barbershop Harmony Society.

Greenville is also the home of the Greenville Chorale, a 160-voice choral group.

Formed in 1993 by Greenville native Karl Sanders, world renowned Egyptian themed death metal band; Nile is based in the city.

Comedy

There are eight comedy venues in Greenville featuring stand up comedy, sketch comedy, ventriloquists, as well as experimental and non-traditional comedy.[54]

Dance and Theater

The Carolina Ballet Theatre is a professional dance company which regularly presents programs at the Peace Center and elsewhere. CBT presents four performances annually as the resident professional dance company of the Peace Center with their largest as the holiday classic, "The Nutcracker, Once Upon A Time in Greenville." This production is modelled after the major companies who have set their holiday class in their hometown. Centre Stage, Greenville Little Theater, South Carolina Children's Theater and the Warehouse Theatre are the major playhouses in the area. These theaters offer a variety of performances including well-known works, such as Death of a Salesman and Grease, and plays written by local playwrights. During the Spring and Summer, the local Shakespearean company performs Shakespeare in the Park at the Falls Park Amphitheater.

Social Dancing

Greenville is also home to a thriving social dance scene. Regular social dances include:

Upstate Swing has been putting on a weekly Tuesday swing dance since 1998, drawing hundreds of people every week to a beginner lesson, followed by a three-hour social dance.[55]

The Greenville Lindy Hoppers meet weekly on Thursdays for beginner and intermediate Lindy Hop lessons, followed by a social dance. They also host The Greenville Lindy Exchange the last weekend of June every year, which draws hundreds of swing dancers from across the southeast to the Upstate.[56]

Greenville Blues hosts blues dances in the Greenville area.

The Carolina Shag Club meets weekly to promote Carolina Shag dancing in the Upstate area.[57]

The Harvest Moon Folk Society meets weekly to host a Contra dance at the River Falls Lodge and hosts Contra events in the downtown Greenville area.[58]

Media

Television

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville DMA, which is the nation's 36th largest television market. See the box below for the local television stations:

Radio

Greenville is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson Arbitron Metro which is the nation's 59th largest radio market with a person 12+ population of 813,700. See the box below for the local radio stations:

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18501,305—
18601,51816.3%
18702,75781.6%
18806,160123.4%
18908,60739.7%
190011,86037.8%
191015,74132.7%
192023,12746.9%
193029,15426.1%
194034,73419.1%
195058,16167.4%
196066,18813.8%
197061,208−7.5%
198058,242−4.8%
199058,2820.1%
200056,002−3.9%
201058,4094.3%
Est. 201462,252[1]6.6%
Census Bureau Estimate[60]

Greenville is the largest principal city of the Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers Greenville, Laurens, Anderson and Pickens counties and had a combined population of 850,965 as of 2013.[20]

Since South Carolina law makes annexing the suburban areas around cities difficult, Greenville's population is larger than what it is said to be. The 2010 city population was 58,409, while the total area population was 400,492.

As of the census[20] of 2010, there were 58,409 people, 24,382 households, and 12,581 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,148.0 inhabitants per square mile (829.4/km²). There were 27,295 housing units at an average density of 1,046.9 per square mile (404.2/km²). The racial composition of the city was 62.12% White, 31.54% Black or African American, 3.44% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 1.27% Asian, 0.14% Native American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.37% of other races, and 1.11% of Two or more races.

There were 29,418 households out of which 22.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.7% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.4% were non-families. 40.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,144, and the median income for a family was $44,125. Males had a median income of $35,111 versus $25,339 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,242. About 12.2% of families and 16.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.7% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over.

Greenville Racial Breakdown of Population
Racial composition 2000 2010
White 62.1% 64.0%
Black 34.0% 30.0%
Asian 1.3% 1.4%
Native 0.14% 0.25%
Native Hawaiian and
other Pacific Islander 		0.06% 0.09%
Two or more races 1.1% 1.8%
Other 1.3% -

Neighborhoods

Neighborhoods within the City of Greenville include:

Notable people

Sister cities

Notes

  1. ↑ Official records for Greenville kept April 1884 to 10 December 1941 at downtown, 11 December 1941 to 14 October 1962 at Greenville Downtown Airport, and at Greenville–Spartanburg Int'l near Greer since 15 October 1962. For more information, see Threadex

References

  1. 1 2 "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013 - United States -- Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  3. 1 2 "GSA Business". GSA Business. GSA Business. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  4. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  6. ↑ "Greenville City Council". City of Greenville. City of Greenville. 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  7. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013". Census Bureau. Census Bureau. July 1, 2013. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  8. ↑ "List of 2010 Census Urban Areas". Census Bureau. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
  9. ↑ Whitemire, 76; Archie Vernon Huff, Jr., Greenville: The History of the City and County in the South Carolina Piedmont (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995), 13.
  10. ↑ "Treaty of Dewitt's Corner between the Cherokee Nation and South Carolina, 1777". teachingushistory.org. Teaching American History in South Carolina Project. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "The History of Greenville". greenvillesc.gov. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  12. ↑ "American History Greenville County, South Carolina". electricscotland.com. Electric Scotland. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  13. ↑ "Government". greenvillesc.gov. City of Greenville. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Max Heller Collection: Biography". furman.edu. Furman. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  15. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  16. ↑ "USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map". http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/. United States Department of Agriculture. External link in |website= (help);
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
  18. ↑ "Station Name: SC GREER". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
  19. ↑ "WMO Climate Normals for GREENVILLE/G-SPARTANBURG, SC 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
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  21. ↑ "Home - M&G". M&G. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  22. ↑ http://www.ropermountain.org/whats-here/daniel-observatory
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  24. ↑ "Fall for Greenville, A Taste of Our Town". fallforgreenville.net. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  25. ↑ "Artisphere – Arts. Culture. Life. in Greenville South Carolina". artisphere.us. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  26. ↑ "Home - Imagine Upstate Fueled by ScanSource". imagineupstate.org. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  27. ↑ "Big Fandom Greenville - South Carolina". bigfandomgreenville.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  28. ↑ "SC Comicon - South Carolina". sccomicon.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  29. ↑ "Indie Craft Parade - Home". indiecraftparade.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  30. ↑ "» Upstate Shakespeare Festival". Warehouse Theatre. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  31. ↑ "New South Comedy Festival - About". New South Comedy Festival. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  32. ↑ "Greenville County School District Fast Facts" (PDF). Retrieved 1 September 2012.
  33. ↑ "School Centers Profiles".
  34. ↑ "Greenville County School District Progress Report" (PDF).
  35. ↑ "Camperdown Academy".
  36. ↑ "CCES".
  37. ↑ "Shannon Forest Christian School".
  38. ↑ http://hpcsonline.org/
  39. ↑ "Our History". furman.edu. Furman. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  40. ↑ "THE HISTORY OF NGU". ngu.edu. North Greenville University. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  41. ↑ "History of BJU". bju.edu. Bob Jones University. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  42. ↑ "Quick Facts". cuicar.com. CU-ICAR. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  43. ↑ "SCHOOL OF MEDICINE GREENVILLE: A NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHT". greenvillemed.sc.edu. University of South Carolina. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  44. ↑ "O'Neal - Comprehensive engineering, planning, design and construction services". Onealinc.com. 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  45. ↑ A report prepared for the South Carolina Aeronautics Commission by Wilbur Smith Associates in May, 2006
  46. ↑ Athens Banner-Herald, January 2, 2008
  47. ↑ "Bob Jones University Athletics". Bju.edu. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  48. ↑ The 100 Best Art Towns in America: A Guide to Galleries, Museums, Festivals, Lodging and Dining, Fourth Edition (Paperback) by John Villani (Author)
  49. ↑ "For Wyeths, Says Arthur Magill, Nothing Is Finer Than Carolina : People.com". www.people.com. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  50. ↑ Bob Jones University Museum & Gallery
  51. ↑ "ASN Aircraft Accident Convair CV-300 N55VM Gillsburg MS". Flight Safety. org website: Aviation Safety network. 19 June 1978. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  52. ↑ Pat Adams and Jaquelyn Cooper (20 October 1977). "The Tragic Plane Crash. What Happened? Gillsburg, MS". The Southern Tribute. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  53. ↑ "Palmetto Statesmen". palmettostatesmen.org. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  54. ↑ Zusel, Yvonne. "Comedy in the Upstate | Metromix Greenville". Greenville.metromix.com. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  55. ↑ "Swing Dance Pictures". upstateswing.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  56. ↑ "Greenville Lindy Hoppers". greenvillelindyhoppers.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  57. ↑ "Carolina Shag Club". carolinashagclub.com. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  58. ↑ "Harvest Moon Folk Society - Home". harvestmoonfolk.org. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  59. ↑ "Greenville Civic and Commercial Journal". Greenville County Library System. Retrieved 7 September 2014.
  60. ↑ "Greenville, SC". Census Bureau. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2014.
  61. ↑ "Interview with Virginia Postrel : The Future and Its Enemies", Booknotes, PBS, February 14, 1999

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