Granite Island Lighthouse
 Granite Island lighthouse | |
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| Location | Granite Island, Michigan |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 46°43′15″N 87°24′43″W / 46.72083°N 87.41194°WCoordinates: 46°43′15″N 87°24′43″W / 46.72083°N 87.41194°W |
| Year first constructed | 1868[1] |
| Year first lit | 1869 |
| Automated | 1937 |
| Construction | granite |
| Tower shape | bell tower[2] attached "church style" to 2 story lighthouse keepers dwelling[3] |
| Markings / pattern | red brick with white lantern |
| Height | Tower - 40 feet (12 m)[4] |
| Focal height | Focal plane - 93 feet (28 m)[5] |
| Original lens | Fourth order Fresnel lens[6] |
| Range | 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi)[7] (new tower) |
| Characteristic | white flash 6 seconds. |
| ARLHS number | USA-333[8][9] |
| USCG number |
7-14700[10] |
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Granite Island Light Station | |
| Nearest city | Marquette, Michigan |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| MPS | U.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes TR |
| NRHP Reference # | 83000884[11] |
| Added to NRHP | August 04, 1983 |
Because it was positioned near the busy shipping lanes of the mid-19th century, a lighthouse was built on Granite Island in 1868 by the U.S. Lighthouse Board and commissioned in 1869.[12]
The lighthouse keeper's dwelling and the square tower attached to it are built of cut stone with white limestone decorations on the corners and windows. The 11⁄2-story dwelling shares its design with lighthouses found on Gull Rock and Huron Islands Lighthouse as well as the Marquette Harbor Light. There is an existing Fog Signal Building, which was constructed in 1910 to replace the one originally built in 1879. It is made of structural steel and is a bell tower. The fog bell was the one from the light at Thunder Bay Island Light, and was removed.[2][13] in 1939.[14]
Lighthouse keepers and assistant keepers operated Granite Island Light until 1937 when the facility was automated and the living quarters were abandoned. Aids to navigation consisted of a 4th order Fresnel lens and a fog bell tower. The focal height is 89 feet (27 m). At one time it had a red flash every 90 seconds.[15]
Private ownership
Modern navigation moved shipping lanes away from the island and the light, and farther out into Lake Superior.[16] This tended to make the Coast Guard view it as "surplus," and it was put up for private sale. The sale in fact helped precipitate a later reaction by the U.S. Congress, which enacted a preference for selling such facilities to communities and charitable organizations under the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000, which was sponsored by Michigan Senator Carl Levin and passed in 2000. Nevertheless, this island's sale and its results have advocates.[17]
Granite Island and the lighthouse were purchased by Scott and Martine Holman in 1999 from the U.S. Coast Guard. The facilities underwent a three-year restoration process at large expense, and which has inured to the public good.[18] The house was completely gutted and rebuilt, with waste being boated out and materials bought in. This is a challenging place to reach and live upon – they have to transport all of their water in, for example; composting toilets must be used, so not many visitors are welcomed. The web site, www.graniteisland.com, has live camera feeds, history, videos of the restoration process and photographs and discussion of its ecology and geology. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.[2][11]
Current status
Despite its remoteness, and because of its picturesque location, form and color it is often the subject of photographs, and drawings.[19]
Although the island is privately owned, an automated aid to navigation on a gray steel tower (with a 96 feet (29 m) focal plane) and a range of 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) is maintained by the U.S. Coast Guard. Its characteristic is a white flash every 6 seconds.[7]
Granite Island Light is one of more than 150 past and present lighthouses in Michigan. Michigan has more lighthouses than any other state. See Lighthouses in the United States.
The highest recorded wind speed on the island was 143 miles per hour (230 km/h) on January 18, 2003.[20]
Best views of this light are from the water. The privately owned island and light are closed to the public.[21]
See also
Notes
- ↑ Lighthouse Central, Granite Island lighthouse The Ultimate Guide to Upper Michigan Lighthouses by Jerry Roach. (Publisher: Bugs Publishing LLC - 2007). ISBN 978-0-9747977-2-4.
- 1 2 3 Michigan Lighthouse Conservancy, Granite Island Light.
- ↑ Rowlett, Russ. "Lighthouses of the United States: Michigan's Western Lower Peninsula". The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- ↑ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Tower Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com.
- ↑ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Focal Heights". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com.
- ↑ Pepper, Terry. "Database of Original Lenses". Seeing the Light. terrypepper.com.
- 1 2 Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard.
- ↑ "Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, Granite Island (Lake Superior) Light, ARLHS USA-333.".
- ↑ "Amateur Radio Lighthouse Society, World List of Lights (WLOL).".
- ↑ Note: the USCG number relates to the new tower, and the ARLHS number is the old lighthouse.
- 1 2 Staff (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
- ↑ Wagner, John L., Beacons Shining in the Night, Michigan Lighthouse Bibliography, Chronology, History, and Photographs, Clarke Historical Library, Central, Michigan University.
- ↑ National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Lights, Granite Island Light.
- ↑ Granite Island, Picture of the bell tower with bell removed.
- ↑ Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Granite Island Light.
- ↑ Wobser, David, "Granite Island Light," at Boatnerd.com.
- ↑ LaFave, Michael Mackinac Center for Public Policy), Privatization Shines (article on the general subject of privatization of lighthouses.
- ↑ Excerpt from LaFave, Michael (Mackinac Center), Privatization Shines specifically on Granite Island.
- ↑ Mulgrew, Marilyn, Drawing of Granite Island Light.{Dead link|date=September 2009}
- ↑ Granite Island weather station.
- ↑ Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse friends, Granite Island Lighthouse.
Further reading
- LaFave, Michael (Jan. 16, 2002) Privatization Shines (article on the general subject of privatization of lighthouses. Michigan Privatization Report, SKU: MPR2002-01 Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
- Lighthouse Memories (December, 1999) Lighthouse Digest.
- Nelson, Donald L. (July, 1998) One of Superiors Little Known Lights. Lighthouse Digest
External links
- Granite Island home page (including webcams and virtual tour).
- Interactive map on Michigan lighthouses, with excellent photographs by Scott Holman, Detroit News.
- Interactive map of lighthouses in area ("Central" Lake Superior).
- Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Granite Island Light.
- Marquette country on Granite Island light.
- Wobser, David, "Granite Island Light," at Boatnerd.com.
- Fog Bell tower photograph, bell removed 1939 when light automated.
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