Granodiorite

A sample of granodiorite from Massif Central, France
QAPF diagram for classification of plutonic rocks
Mineral assemblage of igneous rocks
Photomicrograph of thin section of granodiorite from Slovakia (in crossed polarised light)

Granodiorite (/ˌɡrænoʊˈdaɪəraɪt, -nə-/[1][2]) is a phaneritic texture intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar. According to the QAPF diagram, granodiorite has a greater than 20% quartz by volume, and between 65% to 90% of the feldspar is plagioclase. A greater amount of plagioclase would designate the rock as tonalite.

Granodiorite is felsic to intermediate in composition. It's the intrusive igneous equivalent of the extrusive igneous dacite. It contains a large amount of sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) rich plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, and minor amounts of muscovite mica as the lighter colored mineral components. Biotite and amphiboles often in the form of hornblende are more abundant in granodiorite than in granite, giving it a more distinct two-toned or overall darker appearance. Mica may be present in well-formed hexagonal crystals, and hornblende may appear as needle-like crystals. Minor amounts of oxide minerals such as magnetite, ilmenite, and ulvospinel, as well as some sulfide minerals may also be present.

Geology

On average, the upper continental crust has the same composition as granodiorite.

Granodiorite is a plutonic igneous rock, formed by an intrusion of silica-rich magma, which cools in batholiths or stocks below the Earth's surface. It is usually only exposed at the surface after uplift and erosion have occurred.

Etymology

The name comes from two related rocks to which granodiorite is an intermediate: granite and diorite. The gran- root comes from the Latin grānum for "grain", an English language derivative. Diorite is named after the contrasting colors of the rock.

Occurrence

United States

Plymouth Rock is a glacial erratic boulder of granodiorite. The Sierra Nevada mountains contain large sections of granodiorite.

Uses

Granodiorite is most often used as crushed stone for road building. It is also used as construction material, building facade, and paving, and as an ornamental stone.[3] The Rosetta Stone is a stele made from granodiorite.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Granodiorite". OxfordDictionaries.com. OUP. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  2. ↑ "Granodiorite". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  3. ↑ Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques – Polarized Light Microscopy Gallery – Granodiorite. Micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Retrieved on 2015-11-19.
  4. ↑ Image gallery: The Rosetta Stone. British Museum (2015-03-20). Retrieved on 2015-11-19.

External links


This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, January 21, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.