Grand Slam (tennis)

For other uses, see Grand Slam.
Tennis

The Grand Slam tournaments, also called majors, are the four most important annual tennis events. They offer the most ranking points,[1] prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and greater number of "best of" sets for men. The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January, the French Open in May and June, Wimbledon in June and July, and the US Open in August and September. Each tournament is played over a period of two weeks. The Australian and United States tournaments are played on hard courts, the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. However, of these four, only Wimbledon was a major before 1924/25, the time when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments.

The term Grand Slam also, and originally, refers to the achievement of winning all four major championships in a single calendar year within one of the five events: men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles. In doubles, one team may accomplish a Grand Slam playing together or one player may achieve it with different partners. The term "Grand Slam" without qualification refers to winning the four majors in a single calendar year.[2][3][4]

Winning the four majors in consecutive tournaments but not in the same year is known as a Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam, while winning all four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a Career Grand Slam. Winning the gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games in addition to the four majors in a one calendar year is known as a "Golden Grand Slam" or more commonly the "Golden Slam". Also, winning the Year-End Championship (known as ATP World Tour Finals for men's singles and doubles disciplines, and WTA Tour Championships for both women's disciplines) in the same period is known as a "Super Slam". Together, all four Majors in all three disciplines (singles, doubles, and mixed doubles) are called a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles. No male or female player has won all twelve events in one calendar year, although a "career boxed set" has been achieved by three female players during their careers.

Origin of the term "Grand Slam"

The term slam for winning all of the tricks in the whist family card games (see also whist terms) is attested from early in the 17th century. Grand slam for all of the tricks, in contrast to small slam or little slam for all but one, dates from early in the 19th century.[5] This use was inherited by contract bridge, a modern development of whist defined in 1925 that became very popular in Britain and America by 1930.

Grand slam has been used in golf since 1930, when Bobby Jones won the four major championships, two British and two American. Although John F. Kieran is widely credited with first applying the term "grand slam" to tennis, to describe the winning of all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year, sports columnist Alan Gould had used the term in that connection almost two months before Kieran.[6]

History

The possibility of being the reigning champion of all the current four Majors did not exist until 1924/25, when the International Lawn Tennis Federation designated the Australasian, French (before 1925 only open to members of French tennis clubs), British and American championship tournaments as the four Majors. Before that time only three events: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (held in Paris & once in Brussels) and the World Covered Court Championships (held in various locations) were considered the premier international tennis events by the ILTF.[7][8] Tony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of those earlier majors in one year – 1913. It has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925. It was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French opens due to the Second World War, the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles, and 1986 when there was no Australian Open at all.

The first definitive Grand Slam, of the current four majors, was accomplished when Don Budge won all four men's singles Majors in 1938. To date, 17 players have completed a Grand Slam, though only six in the most prestigious singles titles. Of these players, three have won multiple Grand Slams: Rod Laver accomplished the feat twice in men's singles; Margaret Court accomplished the feat three times, in two different disciplines – once in women's singles and twice in mixed doubles; and Esther Vergeer completed a grand slam twice in Women's wheelchair doubles.

The four Junior disciplines, boys' and girls' singles and doubles, provide limited opportunities to achieve a Grand Slam. Players are only eligible from age 13 to 18, with 18-year-olds likely to hold a physical advantage. Only Stefan Edberg has completed the Grand Slam in a Junior discipline.

Tournament details

Australian Open

French Open

Wimbledon Championships

US Open

Winners

Grand Slam champions

Per discipline (all-time)

Per tournament (Open Era only)

Champions who completed the Grand Slam

Chronological

# Year Player Discipline Notes
1 1938United States Don BudgeMen's singlesPart of a total of 6 consecutive titles
2 1951Australia Ken McGregor
Australia Frank Sedgman
Men's doublesPart of a total of 7 consecutive titles (8 consecutive for Sedgman)
3 1953United States Maureen ConnollyWomen's singlesPart of 6 consecutive titles
4 1960Brazil Maria BuenoWomen's doublesWith Christine Truman and Darlene Hard
5 1962Australia Rod LaverMen's singles
6 1963Australia Margaret Court
Australia Ken Fletcher
Mixed doublesPart of consecutive titles (Court 7, Fletcher 6)
7 1965Australia Margaret CourtMixed doublesWith Roy Emerson, Ken Fletcher and Fred Stolle – part of 5 consecutive titles
8 1967Australia Owen DavidsonMixed doublesWith Lesley Turner and Billie Jean King
9 1969Australia Rod LaverMen's singlesOnly player to complete the singles' Grand Slam twice
10 1970Australia Margaret CourtWomen's singlesSix consecutive titles
11 1983Sweden Stefan Edberg (in junior tennis)Boys' singlesOnly Junior to complete a Grand Slam
12 1984United States Martina Navratilova
United States Pam Shriver
Women's doublesEight consecutive titles
13 1988Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singlesFive consecutive titles
14 1998Switzerland Martina HingisWomen's doublesWith Mirjana Lučić and Jana Novotná
15 2009Netherlands Esther Vergeer
Netherlands Korie Homan
Women's wheelchair doublesPart of 14 consecutive titles for Vergeer
16 2011Netherlands Esther Vergeer
Netherlands Sharon Walraven
Women's wheelchair doublesPart of consecutive titles (Vergeer 8, Walraven 7)
17 2013Netherlands Aniek van Koot
Netherlands Jiske Griffioen
Women's wheelchair doubles
18 2014France Stéphane Houdet Men's wheelchair doublesWith Joachim Gérard and Shingo Kunieda
19 2014Japan Yui Kamiji
United Kingdom Jordanne Whiley
Women's wheelchair doubles Part of 5 consecutive titles

Per player

PlayerGrand Slams
SinglesDoublesMixedTotal
Australia Margaret Court
1
2
3
Australia Rod Laver
2
2
Netherlands Esther Vergeer (wheelchair tennis)
2
United States Don Budge
1
1
Australia Ken McGregor
1
Australia Frank Sedgman
1
United States Maureen Connolly Brinker
1
Brazil Maria Bueno
1
Australia Ken Fletcher
1
Australia Owen Davidson
1
Sweden Stefan Edberg (junior tennis)
1
United States Martina Navratilova
1
United States Pam Shriver
1
Germany Steffi Graf
1
Switzerland Martina Hingis
1
Netherlands Korie Homan (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Sharon Walraven (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Aniek van Koot (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Jiske Griffioen (wheelchair tennis)
1
France Stéphane Houdet (wheelchair tennis)
1
Japan Yui Kamiji (wheelchair tennis)
1
United Kingdom Jordanne Whiley (wheelchair tennis)
1

Non-calendar year Grand Slam

In 1982 the International Tennis Federation (ITF) broadened the definition of the Grand Slam as meaning any four consecutive major victories, including the ones spanning two calendar years.[9] As defined in the constitution of the ITF: "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam".[10] As this definition differs from the original definition of the Grand Slam as restricted to a single calendar year, there has been some controversy towards this redefinition in the tennis world.[11][12] Subsequently, the ITF has distanced itself from the 1982 decision, reverting to the traditional calendar-year definition (when Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open to become the reigning champion of all four women's singles, the ITF awarded her $1 million Grand Slam bonus in recognition of her achievement.[9] However subsequently, the ITF abandoned recognizing non-calendar year grand slams.

Combining the Grand Slam and non-calendar year Grand Slam, the total number of times that players achieved the feat (of being the reigning champion in all four majors) expands to 18.

Laver was the most recent male grand-slammer even by this more relaxed definition until 2013, when the Bryan brothers won Wimbledon while holding the other majors. But Laver still is the most recent singles male grand-slammer. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde reached the final of the 1997 French Open holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek; in singles, Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007 and Novak Djokovic in 2011 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. Djokovic also had the same feat in 2015, but lost to Stan Wawrinka in the French Open final as well. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his own countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the Australian Open 2011, with Nadal previously having won the French Open, Wimbledon and US Open in 2010.

Men's doubles

Women's singles

Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Women's doubles

Mixed doubles

Men's wheelchair doubles

Career Grand Slam

The career achievement of all four major championships in one discipline is termed a Career Grand Slam in that discipline. Dozens of players have accomplished that (column two) and 17 have doubled it: won a second championship in each of the four majors in one discipline (column three). Two or more career championships in all four majors is sometimes called a "Multiple Slam Set". Three players have Multiple Slam Sets in two disciplines, one in three disciplines, so 22 players are counted in the table (column three). Their achievements are tabulated below.

Career Grand Slams by discipline
Discipline Numbers of players
Completed the Career GS Completed at least 2
Men's singles 7 players (2 Golden) 2 players
Women's singles 10 players (2 Golden) 5 players
Men's doubles 21 players (14 as teams) 5 players (2 as a team)
Women's doubles 21 players (10 as teams) 8 players (6 as teams)
Mixed doubles 15 players (5 as teams) 4 players (2 as teams)

Seven men and ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, four men and six women have achieved this (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal; Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova).

Several singles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam:

Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles, one male (Roy Emerson) and five female (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams). Court, Hart and Navratilova are the only three players to have completed a "Career Boxed Set", winning all four titles in singles, doubles and mixed doubles; this has never been done by a male player.

The remainder of this section is a complete list, by discipline, of all players who have won the Career Grand Slam. Players are ordered chronologically by their completion of the Slam.

Men's singles

Seven men have won the four grand slam tournaments. Two of the seven men achieved a double career Slam.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United Kingdom Fred Perry261934193519341933
2 United States Don Budge231938193819371937
3 Australia Rod Laver241960196219611962
4 Australia Roy Emerson271961196319641961
5 United States Andre Agassi291995199919921994
6 Switzerland Roger Federer272004200920032004
7 Spain Rafael Nadal242009200520082010

Women's singles

Each woman's "first wins" in the four Majors are listed chronologically and their ages upon completion of the Slam are given in brackets. Five of the ten women achieved at least two career Slams, two of the ten have achieved three careers slams and Steffi Graf is the only player to achieve four career Slams.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United States Maureen Connolly Brinker181953195319521951
2 United States Doris Hart281949195019511954
3 United States Shirley Fry Irvin291957195119561956
4 Australia Margaret Court201960196219631962
5 United States Billie Jean King281968197219661967
6 United States Chris Evert281982197419741975
7 United States Martina Navratilova261981198219781983
8 Germany Steffi Graf191988198719881988
9 United States Serena Williams212003200220021999
10 Russia Maria Sharapova252008 2012 2004 2006
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Men's doubles

At Men's Doubles, 21 players have won the career Slam including fourteen who "slammed" with one partner. The latter are listed first, as seven teams, ignoring any major wins with other partners. Five of the 21 men achieved at least a double career Slam at Men's Doubles, led by Roy Emerson and John Newcombe with triple Slams.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 Australia Adrian Quist261936193519351939
2 Australia Frank Sedgman241951195119481950
3 Australia Ken McGregor231951195119511951
4 Australia Lew Hoad211953195319531956
Australia Ken Rosewall221953195319561956
6 Australia Neale Fraser251957195819591957
7 Australia Roy Emerson251962196019591959
8 Australia John Newcombe231965196719651967
Australia Tony Roche241965196719651967
10 South Africa Bob Hewitt371963197219621977
11 Australia John Fitzgerald281982198619891984
Sweden Anders Järryd291987198319891987
13 Netherlands Jacco Eltingh281994199519981994
Netherlands Paul Haarhuis321994199519981994
15 Australia Todd Woodbridge291992200019931995
Australia Mark Woodforde341992200019931989
17 Sweden Jonas Björkman 32 1998200520022003
18 United States Bob Bryan 30 2006200320062005
United States Mike Bryan 30 2006200320062005
20 Canada Daniel Nestor 35 2002200720082004
21 India Leander Paes 38 2012199919992006
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Women's doubles

At Women's Doubles, 21 players have won the career Slam including ten who "slammed" with one partner. Eight of the 22 achieved at least a double career Slam at Women's Doubles, led by Martina Navratilova with seven or more titles in each Major.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United States Louise Brough Clapp271950194619461942
2 United States Doris Hart261949195119511951
3 United States Shirley Fry Irvin301957195019511951
4 Brazil Maria Bueno201960196019581960
5 Australia Margaret Court221961196419641963
Australia Lesley Turner Bowrey211964196419641961
7 Australia Judy Tegart Dalton321964196619691970
8 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova231980197519761977
9 United States Kathy Jordan 211981198019801981
United States Anne Smith211981198019801981
11 United States Pam Shriver211982198419811983
12 Czechoslovakia Helena Suková251990199019871985
13 United States Gigi Fernández281993199119921988
Soviet Union/Belarus Natasha Zvereva211993198919911991
15 Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic Jana Novotná251990199019891994
16 Switzerland Martina Hingis171997199819961998
17 United States Serena Williams192001199920001999
United States Venus Williams202001199920001999
19 United States Lisa Raymond332000200620012001
20 Italy Sara Errani272013201220142012
Italy Roberta Vinci312013201220142012
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Mixed doubles

At Mixed Doubles, a total of 15 players have won the career Slam, including five who "slammed" as a pair (won all four with same partner) — an odd number because Margaret Court has accomplished a career Grand Slam separately with Ken Fletcher and Marty Riessen. The other two of the five are Doris Hart and Frank Sedgman. Also three of the 15 players have accomplished multiple career Grand Slams in mixed doubles, led by Margaret Court's quadruple Slam.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 France Jean Borotra 291928192719251926
2 United States Doris Hart261949195119511951
Australia Frank Sedgman211949195119511951
4 Australia Margaret Court 201963196319631961
5 Australia Ken Fletcher 231963196319631963
6 Australia Owen Davidson 231965196719671966
7 United States Billie Jean King 241968196719671967
8 United States Marty Riessen 331969196919751969
9 Union of South Africa Bob Hewitt 391961197019771979
10 Australia Mark Woodforde 271992199519931992
11 Australia Todd Woodbridge 241993199219941990
12 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova 462003197419851985
13 Slovakia Daniela Hantuchová 222002200520012005
14 India Mahesh Bhupathi 292006199720021999
15 Zimbabwe Cara Black 302010200220042008

Boys singles

Boys doubles

Men wheelchair doubles

Wheelchair tennis Grand Slams are possible only in men's doubles and women's doubles.[nb 1]

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1  Kunieda, ShingoShingo Kunieda (JPN) 24 2007200820062007
2  Jeremiasz, MichaelMichael Jeremiasz (FRA) 32 2003200920092005
3  Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet (FRA) 40 2010200720092009
4  Scheffers, MaikelMaikel Scheffers (NED) 28 2011200820112010

Women wheelchair doubles

Wheelchair tennis Grand Slams are possible only in men's doubles and women's doubles.[nb 1]

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1  Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer (NED) 27 2004200720092005
 Homan, KorieKorie Homan (NED) 29 2009200920092005
3  Walraven, SharonSharon Walraven (NED) 40 2011201020102010
4  Griffioen, JiskeJiske Griffioen (NED) 27 2006200820122006
5  van Koot, AniekAniek van Koot (NED) 23 2010201320122013
6  Kamiji, YuiYui Kamiji (JPN) 20 2014201420142014
 Whiley, JordanneJordanne Whiley (GRB) 22 2014201420142014

Most consecutive Grand Slam tournament titles

Men's singles

Women's singles

Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Men's doubles

Team:

Player:

Women's doubles

Team and Player:

Mixed doubles

Team:

Player:

Men's wheelchair singles

Women's wheelchair singles

Men's wheelchair doubles

Player:

Women's wheelchair doubles

Team:

Player:

Most consecutive Grand Slam singles finals

Men

Rank Player Cons.
finals
From To
1 Switzerland Roger Federer 10 2005 Wimbledon Championships 2007 US Open
2 Switzerland Roger Federer 8 2008 French Open 2010 Australian Open
3 Australia Jack Crawford 7 1934 Australian Championships 1935 Wimbledon Championships
4 United States Don Budge 6 1937 Wimbledon Championships 1938 U.S. Championships
= Australia Rod Laver 6 1961 Wimbledon Championships 1962 U.S. Championships
6 United Kingdom Fred Perry 5 1934 Wimbledon Championships 1935 Wimbledon Championships
= Australia Frank Sedgman 5 1951 U.S. Championships 1952 U.S. Championships
= Australia Fred Stolle 5 1964 Wimbledon Championships 1965 Wimbledon Championships
= Spain Rafael Nadal 5 2011 French Open 2012 French Open
= Serbia Novak Djokovic 5 2015 Australian Open 2016 Australian Open
11 Australia Lew Hoad 4 1956 Australian Championships 1956 U.S. Championships
= Australia Rod Laver 4 1969 Australian Open 1969 US Open
= United States Andre Agassi 4 1999 French Open 2000 Australian Open
= Serbia Novak Djokovic 4 2011 Wimbledon Championships 2012 French Open

Women

Rank Player Cons.
finals
From To
1 Germany Steffi Graf 13 1987 French Open 1990 French Open
2 United States Martina Navratilova 11 1985 French Open 1987 US Open
3 United States Maureen Connolly Brinker 6 1952 Wimbledon Championships 1953 US Championships
= Australia Margaret Court 6 1969 US Open 1971 Australian Open
= United States Martina Navratilova 6 1983 Wimbledon Championships 1984 US Open
= United States Chris Evert 6 1984 French Open 1985 Wimbledon Championships
= Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Monica Seles 6 1991 US Open 1993 Australian Open
8 Australia Margaret Court 5 1963 Wimbledon Championships 1964 Wimbledon Championships
= Australia Margaret Court 5 1965 Australian Championships 1966 Australian Championships
= Germany Steffi Graf 5 1993 Australian Open 1994 Australian Open
= Switzerland Martina Hingis 5 1997 Australian Open 1998 Australian Open

Most Grand Slam singles titles in a row (non-consecutive)

Helen Wills Moody won all 16 of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played beginning with the 1924 U.S. Championships and extending to the 1933 Wimbledon Championships (not counting her defaults in the 1926 French and Wimbledon Championships). The first 15 of those were won without losing a set. During this period, she won 6 Wimbledons, 4 French Championships, and 6 U.S. Championships. She also won the 1924 Summer Olympics during this period. Moody never entered the Australian Championships.

Most Grand Slam mixed doubles titles in a row (non-consecutive)

Doris Hart won all 13 of the Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments she played beginning with the 1951 French Championships and extending to the 1955 U.S. Championships. During this period, she won 5 Wimbledons, 3 French Championships, and 5 U.S. Championships.

Golden Slam

Tennis was an Olympic sport from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics through the 1924 Games, then was dropped for the next 64 years (except as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984) before returning in 1988. As there were only three Major championships designated by the International Lawn Tennis Federation before 1925, none of the tennis players who participated in the Olympics between 1896 and 1924 had a chance to complete a Golden Grand Slam. However although it didn't occur, there was a possibility to complete a Career Golden Grand Slam by winning the 1920 Olympics or 1924 Olympics plus each of the four grand slams, all of which were present from 1925 onwards. The term Golden Slam (initially "Golden Grand Slam") was coined in 1988.[13]

Only one player has completed the Golden Slam:[14][15]

Germany Steffi Graf (1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open & 1988 Olympic gold medal)

Non-calendar year Golden Slam

Winning four consecutive Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic event in the period of twelve months, although not in one year is called a Non-calendar year Golden Slam.[16] Only Bob and Mike Bryan have achieved this by winning the 2012 Olympics, 2012 US Open, 2013 Australian Open, 2013 French Open and 2013 Wimbledon Championships. After they won the final at Wimbledon, this was coined the "Golden Bryan Slam".[17]

Career Golden Slam

A player who wins all four Grand Slam tournaments and the Olympic gold medal during his or her career is said to have achieved a Career Golden Slam. Serena Williams is the only player to have achieved a career golden slam in both singles and doubles.[18]

#PlayerDisciplineAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS OpenOlympics
1 United States Pam ShriverWomen's doubles19821984198119831988
2 Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singles19881987198819881988
3 United States Gigi FernándezWomen's doubles19931991199219881992
4 United States Andre AgassiMen's singles19951999199219941996
5 Australia Todd WoodbridgeMen's doubles19922000199319921996
Australia Mark WoodfordeMen's doubles19922000199319921996
7 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's doubles20011999200019992000
United States Venus WilliamsWomen's doubles20011999200019992000
9 Japan Shingo KuniedaMen's wheelchair doubles20092008200620072004
10 Netherlands Korie HomanWomen's wheelchair doubles20092009200920052008
11 Netherlands Esther VergeerWomen's wheelchair doubles20042007200920052000
12 Canada Daniel NestorMen's doubles20022007200920042000
13 France Michaël JeremiaszMen's wheelchair doubles20032009200920052008
14 France Stéphane HoudetMen's wheelchair doubles20102007200920092008
15 Spain Rafael NadalMen's singles20092005200820102008
16 Netherlands Sharon WalravenWomen's wheelchair doubles20112011201020102008
17 United States Bob BryanMen's doubles20062003200620052012
United States Mike BryanMen's doubles20062003200620052012
19 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's singles20032002200219992012

Super Slam

In 1970 a tournament was created to reunite the top male players of the season, which is today called the ATP World Tour Finals. In 1972 the women's tour introduced the same concept, now known as the WTA Tour Championships. Both are contested at the end of the year and are the last official competitions of the ATP and WTA seasons. Winning this event along with the four Grand Slams and the Olympic gold medal is nowadays known as completing the Super Slam.[19][20][21] But this achievement has only been possible since 1988, when tennis returned to the Olympic calendar.

No player has ever completed the Super Slam in one season.

Non-calendar year Super Slam

Only one player has completed the Super Slam in the period of twelve months:

Germany Steffi Graf (1987 WTA Tour Championships, 1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open & 1988 Olympic gold medal)
  • Note: Although Serena Williams held all 4 majors (winning consecutively all 4 majors from the 2014 US Open to the 2015 Wimbledon), the 2012 Olympic Gold and the 2014 WTA Tour Championships at the same time, it isn't considered a Non-calendar year Super Slam for not having been accomplished in a 12-month period.

Career Super Slam

The following players have completed the Super Slam during their career:

#PlayerDisciplineAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS OpenOlympicsATP / WTA / WTM YEC
1 United States Pam ShriverWomen's doubles198219841981198319881981
2 Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singles198819871988198819881987
3 United States Gigi FernándezWomen's doubles199319911992198819921993
4 United States Andre AgassiMen's singles199519991992199419961990
5 Australia Todd WoodbridgeMen's doubles199220001993199219961992
Australia Mark WoodfordeMen's doubles199220001993199219961992
7 Netherlands Esther VergeerWomen's wheelchair doubles200420072009200520002001
8 Netherlands Korie HomanWomen's wheelchair doubles200920092009200520082004
9 Canada Daniel NestorMen's doubles200220072009200420002007
10 France Michaël JeremiaszMen's wheelchair doubles200320092009200520082008
11 France Stéphane HoudetMen's wheelchair doubles201020072009200920082006
12 Netherlands Sharon WalravenWomen's wheelchair doubles201120112010201020082010
13 United States Bob BryanMen's doubles200620032006200520122003
United States Mike BryanMen's doubles200620032006200520122003
15 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's singles200320022002199920122001
16 Japan Shingo KuniedaMen's wheelchair doubles200920082006200720042012

Three Major tournament titles in a year

Players who have won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in the same year. Jack Crawford, Lew Hoad, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams won the first three events, but lost the last grand slam tournament.[nb 2] Crawford, an asthmatic, won two of the first three sets of the 1933 U.S. Championships final against Fred Perry, then tired in the heat and lost the last two sets and the match.[22]

Key
W  F  SF QF R# RR LQ (Q#) A P Z# PO SF-B F-S G NMS NH

Won tournament; reached the Finals; Semifinals; Quarterfinals; Rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; competed at a Round Robin stage; reached a Qualification Round; absent from tournament event; played in a Davis Cup or Fed Cup Zonal Group (with its number indication) or Play-off; won a Bronze, Silver (F or S) or Gold medal at the Olympics; a downgraded Masters Series/1000 tournament (Not a Masters Series); or a tournament that was Not Held in a given year.

To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated either at the conclusion of a tournament, or when the player's participation in the tournament has ended.

Men's singles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 Australia Jack Crawford 1933 W W W F
2 United Kingdom Fred Perry 1934 W QF W W
3 United States Tony Trabert 1955 SF W W W
4 Australia Lew Hoad 1956 W W W F
5 Australia Ashley Cooper 1958 W SF W W
6 Australia Roy Emerson 1964 W QF W W
7 United States Jimmy Connors 1974 W A[23] W W
8 Sweden Mats Wilander 1988 W W QF W
9 Switzerland Roger Federer 2004 W 3R W W
10 Switzerland Roger Federer 2006 W F W W
11 Switzerland Roger Federer 2007 W F W W
12 Spain Rafael Nadal 2010 QF W W W
13 Serbia Novak Djokovic 2011 W SF W W
14 Serbia Novak Djokovic 2015 W F W W

Women's singles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 United States Helen Wills 1928 A W W W
2 United States Helen Wills 1929 A W W W
3 Australia Margaret Court 1962 W W 2R W
4 Australia Margaret Court 1965 W F W W
5 Australia Margaret Court 1969 W W SF W
6 United States Billie Jean King 1972 A W W W
7 Australia Margaret Court 1973 W W SF W
8 United States Martina Navratilova 1983 W 4R W W
9 United States Martina Navratilova 1984 SF W W W
10 Germany Steffi Graf 1989 W F W W
11 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Monica Seles 1991 W W A W
12 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Monica Seles 1992 W W F W
13 Germany Steffi Graf 1993 F W W W
14 Germany Steffi Graf 1995 A W W W
15 Germany Steffi Graf 1996 A W W W
16 Switzerland Martina Hingis 1997 W F W W
17 United States Serena Williams 2002 A W W W
18 United States Serena Williams 2015 W W W SF

Men's doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 France Jacques Brugnon 1928 W W W UR
2 United States John Van Ryn 1933 SF W W W
3 Australia Jack Crawford 1935 W W W UR
4 Australia John Bromwich 1950 W SF W W
5 Australia Ken McGregor 1952 W W W UR
Australia Frank Sedgman 1952 W W W UR
7 Australia Ken Rosewall 1953 W W W UR
Australia Lew Hoad 1953 W W W UR
9 Australia Ken Rosewall 1956 W A W W
Australia Lew Hoad 1956 W F W W
11 Australia Tony Roche 1967 W W QF W
Australia John Newcombe 1967 W W QF W
13 Australia John Newcombe 1973 W W A W
14 Sweden Anders Järryd 1987 W W SF W
15 Sweden Anders Järryd 1991 3R W W W
Australia John Fitzgerald 1991 3R W W W
17 Netherlands Jacco Eltingh 1998 W W W A
18 United States Bob Bryan 2013 W W W SF
United States Mike Bryan 2013 W W W SF
  • note: UR=Unknown Result. Please help us find this information.

Women's doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 United States Margaret Osborne duPont 1946 A W W W
United States Louise Brough 1946 A W W W
3 United States Margaret Osborne duPont 1949 A W W W
United States Louise Brough 1949 A W W W
5 United States Louise Brough 1950 W F W W
6 United States Doris Hart 1951 A W W W
United States Shirley Fry Irvin 1951 A W W W
8 United States Doris Hart 1952 A W W W
United States Shirley Fry Irvin 1952 A W W W
10 United States Doris Hart 1953 A W W W
United States Shirley Fry Irvin 1953 A W W W
12 United States Darlene Hard 1960 A W W W
13 Australia Lesley Turner Bowrey 1964 W W W F
14 Australia Nancy Richey 1966 W 2R W W
15 Netherlands Betty Stöve 1972 A W W W
16 Australia Margaret Court 1973 W W QF W
United Kingdom Virginia Wade 1973 W W QF W
18 United States Martina Navratilova 1982 W W W SF
19 United States Martina Navratilova 1983 W A W W
United States Pam Shriver 1983 W A W W
21 United States Martina Navratilova 1986 NH W W W
22 United States Martina Navratilova 1987 W W QF W
United States Pam Shriver 1987 W W QF W
24 Czech Republic Helena Suková 1990 W W W F
Czech Republic Jana Novotná 1990 W W W F
26 United States Gigi Fernández 1992 QF W W W
Belarus Natasha Zvereva 1992 SF W W W
28 United States Gigi Fernández 1993 W W W SF
Belarus Natasha Zvereva 1993 W W W SF
30 United States Gigi Fernández 1994 W W W SF
Belarus Natasha Zvereva 1994 W W W SF
32 Belarus Natasha Zvereva 1997 W W W F
33 Czech Republic Jana Novotná 1998 A W W W
34 Spain Virginia Ruano Pascual 2004 W W SF W
Argentina Paola Suárez 2004 W W SF W
36 United States Serena Williams 2009 W 3R W W
United States Venus Williams 2009 W 3R W W

Mixed doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 South Africa Eric Sturgess 1949 A W W W
2 Australia Frank Sedgman 1951 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1951 A W W W
4 Australia Frank Sedgman 1952 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1952 A W W W
6 United States Vic Seixas 1953 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1953 A W W W
8 Australia Margaret Court 1964 W W F W
9 United States Billie Jean King 1967 A W W W
10 United States Marty Riessen 1969 W W QF W
Australia Margaret Court 1969 W W SF W
12 South Africa Bob Hewitt 1979 NH W W W
13 United States Martina Navratilova 1985 NH W W W
14 Australia Mark Woodforde 1992 W W 3R W
15 Switzerland Martina Hingis 2015 W 2R W W
India Leander Paes 2015 W 2R W W

Boys' singles
1984: Australian Open, Wimbledon, US Open
1988: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open
2004: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon
Boys' doubles
1983: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open

Simon Youl

1983: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open
1988: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon

Todd Woodbridge

1988: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon
1994: Australian Open, Wimbledon, US Open
2004: Australian Open, Wimbledon, US Open
2004: Australian Open, Wimbledon, US Open

Girls' singles
1987: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open
1990: Australian Open, French Open, US Open
Girls' doubles
1982: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open
1995: Australian Open, French Open, US Open
1995: Australian Open, French Open, US Open
2005: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon
2006: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon
2007: French Open, Wimbledon, US Open

Men's wheelchair singles[24][nb 3][nb 1]
# Player Year Australian Open French Open US Open
1 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2007 W W W
2 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2009 W W W
3 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2010 W W W
4 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2014 W W W
5 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2015 W W W
Men's wheelchair doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 France Stéphane Houdet 2009 SF W W W
2 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2013 W W W SF
3 Japan Shingo Kunieda 2014 W SF W W

Women's wheelchair singles[nb 1][nb 3]
# Player Year Australian Open French Open US Open
1 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2002 W W W
2 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2006 W W W
3 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2007 W W W
4 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2009 W W W
5 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2011 W W W
Women's wheelchair doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 Netherlands Esther Vergeer 2007 W W NH W
2 Netherlands Sharon Walraven 2010 A W W W

Triple Crown

Winning singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles at one Grand Slam event is called a Triple Crown.[25][26][27] It has become a rare accomplishment in tennis. This is partly because the final match in all three disciplines often takes place concurrently in the same day if not in consecutive days. Doris Hart for example attained her first Triple Crown after playing three Wimbledon final matches held in one single day.

Notes:

Men
TotalPlayerYearTriple champion of
3 times
United States Don Budge 1937 Wimbledon
1938 Wimbledon
1938 US Championships
2 times
United States Bill Tilden 1922 US Championships
1923 US Championships
Australia Frank Sedgman 1951 US Championships
1952 Wimbledon
Australia Neale Fraser 1959 US Championships
1960 US Championships
1 time
Australia Jack Hawkes 1926 Australian Championships
France Jean Borotra 1928 Australian Championships
Australia Jack Crawford 1932 Australian Championships
United States Bobby Riggs 1939 Wimbledon
United States Vic Seixas 1954 US Championships
Australia Ken Rosewall 1956 US Championships

Women
TotalPlayerYearTriple champion of
5 times
France Suzanne Lenglen 1920 Wimbledon
1922 Wimbledon
1925 French Championships
1925 Wimbledon
1926 French Championships
Australia Margaret Court1963 Australian Championships
1964 French Championships
1965 Australian Championships
1969 Australian Open
1970 US Open
4 times
United States Alice Marble1938 US Championships
1939 Wimbledon
1939 US Championships
1940 US Championships
United States Doris Hart 1951 Wimbledon
1952 French Championships
1952 Wimbledon
1954 US Championships
3 times
United States Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 1909 US Championships
1910 US Championships
1911 US Championships
United States Mary Browne 1912 US Championships
1913 US Championships
1914 US Championships
Australia Daphne Akhurst Cozens 1925 Australian Championships
1928 Australian Championships
1929 Australian Championships
Australia Nancye Wynne Bolton 1940 Australian Championships
1947 Australian Championships
1948 Australian Championships
United States Louise Brough Clapp 1947 US Championships
1948 Wimbledon
1950 Wimbledon
United States Billie Jean King 1967 Wimbledon
1967 US Championships
1973 Wimbledon
2 times
Ireland Mabel Cahill 1891 US Championships
1892 US Championships
United States Helen Wills Moody 1924 US Championships
1928 US Championships
1 time
United States Juliette Atkinson 1895 US Championships
Norway Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 1917 US Championships
United States Helen Jacobs 1934 US Championships
France Simonne Mathieu 1938 French Championships
United States Sarah Palfrey Cooke 1941 US Championships
United States Margaret Osborne duPont 1950 US Championships
Australia Thelma Coyne Long 1952 Australian Championships
United States Maureen Connolly Brinker 1954 French Championships
United States Martina Navratilova 1987 US Open

Boxed Set

Another Grand Slam-related accomplishment is winning a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles – which is at least one of every possible type of Major championship available to a player: the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam events of the year. This has never been accomplished within a year or consecutively across two calendar years.

Career Boxed Set

The Career Boxed set refers to winning a set of all possible grand slam titles over the course of an entire career. No male player has completed this. Men who participate in top/elite level singles have played comparatively few doubles, and very few mixed doubles. So far, only three women have completed the boxed set during their careers:

Boxed Sets
(minimum amount of
each of all possible titles)
PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
2
Australia Margaret Court22
(Pre-Open Era)
1960 (WS)
1961 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1962 (WS)
1964 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1963 (WS)
1964 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1962 (WS)
1963 (WD)
1961 (XD)
31
(Post-Open Era)
1969 (WS)
1969 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1969 (WS)
1973 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1970 (WS)
1969 (WD)
1968 (XD)
1969 (WS)
1968 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1
United States Doris Hart29
1949 (WS)
1950 (WD)
1949 (XD)
1950 (WS)
1948 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1951 (WS)
1947 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1954 (WS)
1951 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1
United States Martina Navratilova47
1981 (WS)
1980 (WD)
2003 (XD)
1982 (WS)
1975 (WD)
1974 (XD)
1978 (WS)
1976 (WD)
1985 (XD)
1983 (WS)
1977 (WD)
1985 (XD)

Court is not only unique in having two boxed sets, but is also unique in the timing of her accomplishments. Her first boxed set was completed before the start of the open era, and she has a boxed set achieved solely within the open era.

Serena Williams and Martina Hingis have come closer than any other currently active player to joining this elite group. Both of them miss just two titles. Williams has yet to win the mixed doubles at the Australian and French Opens (finishing as the runner-up at the 1999 Australian Open and 1998 French Open), while Hingis needs the French Open singles and mixed doubles titles (finishing runner-up in singles at the 1997 and 1999 French Opens). Prior to Williams and Hingis, it was Billie Jean King who came close at completing a career boxed set. She only needed the Australian Open women's doubles title and although she reached the final twice (in 1965 and 1969), she failed to win the title.

Multiple Career Grand Slams

Of the many players who have managed to win a full set of four Majors, there is a small number who have gone on to win all four Majors a second or more times. The completion of "Multiple Career Grand Slams" or sometimes called "multiple slam sets" (MSS) has been achieved by only 22 unique players up to the end of the 2015 Wimbledon. MSS players can be found in each of the five tennis disciplines: men's or women's singles, men's or women's doubles, mixed doubles. It can also be found in women's wheelchair doubles. Of these, five players have completed MSS in more than one discipline: Roy Emerson, Martina Navratilova, Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams have MSS in two disciplines, Margaret Court has MSS in three disciplines.

This table shows each multiple occurrence of a complete MSS for each of the players who have accomplished multiple slams in a particular tennis discipline. The year shown for each of the four Majors is the year that particular Major win was repeated as part of that player's achievement of their second (all 22 players) and third (8 players) and fourth (4 players) and fifth through seventh (Martina Navratilova, in women's doubles) complete slam set of Major wins.

For example, the fourth row shows that Margaret Court completed her third career slam set in Women's Singles —winning each of the four majors three times— during the 1970 Wimbledon Championships (bold). More specific, she won: Australian open 11 times, the third in 1962; French Open five times, the third in 1969; Wimbledon three times (determines the maximum of sets), the third in 1970 and finally US Open five times, the third in 1969. Grey background shades lesser achievements by the same player in the same discipline (e.g., Court in the eighth row); yellow highlights the greatest achievement in the discipline (e.g., Graf in the third row).

Slam Sets completed, second and subsequent sets
(chronological sequence in column one)
Name Country Discipline MSS Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
09 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Singles 2 1963 1967 1965 1964
13 Laver, RodRod Laver  AUS Men's Singles 2 1962 1969 1962 1969
34 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  GER Women's Singles 4 1994 1995 1992 1995
15 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Singles 3 1962 1969 1970 1969
49 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Singles 3 2007 2015 2009 2008
21 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Singles 2 1983 1984 1979 1984
22 Evert, ChrisChris Evert  USA Women's Singles 2 1984 1975 1976 1976
06 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Singles 2 1961 1964 1965 1965
30 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  FRG Women's Singles 2 1989 1988 1989 1989
31 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  GER Women's Singles 3 1990 1993 1991 1993
42 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Singles 2 2005 2013 2003 2002
16 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Doubles 3 1969 1962 1971 1965
18 Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe  AUS Men's Doubles 3 1971 1973 1968 1973
01 Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1952 1952 1951 1951
04 Fraser, NealeNeale Fraser  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1958 1960 1961 1960
10 Stolle, FredFred Stolle  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1964 1968 1964 1966
14 Rosewall, KenKen Rosewall  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1956 1968 1956 1969
43 Bryan, BobBob Bryan  USA Men's Doubles 2 2007 2013 2011 2008
44 Bryan, MikeMike Bryan  USA Men's Doubles 2 2007 2013 2011 2008
07 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1966 1961 1961 1960
17 Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1967 1969 1966 1971
28 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 7 1988 1988 1986 1987
29 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 4 1985 1988 1984 1987
35 Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva  BLR Women's Doubles 3 1997 1993 1993 1995
12 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Doubles 2 1962 1965 1969 1968
32 Fernández, GigiGigi Fernández  USA Women's Doubles 2 1994 1992 1993 1990
36 Novotná, JanaJana Novotná  CZE Women's Doubles 2 1995 1991 1990 1997
37 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Doubles 2 2003 2010 2002 2009
38 Williams, VenusVenus Williams  USA Women's Doubles 2 2003 2010 2002 2009
50 Hingis, MartinaMartina Hingis   SUI Women's Doubles 2 1998 2000 1998 2015
19 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 2 1982 1982 1979 1978
20 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 3 1983 1984 1981 1980
23 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 4 1984 1985 1982 1983
25 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 5 1985 1986 1983 1984
26 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 6 1987 1987 1984 1986
24 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 2 1983 1985 1982 1984
27 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 3 1984 1987 1983 1986
33 Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva  BLR Women's Doubles 2 1994 1992 1992 1992
11 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 4 1969 1969 1968 1964
02 Hart, DorisDoris Hart  USA Mixed Doubles 2 1950 1952 1952 1952
03 Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman  AUS Mixed Doubles 2 1950 1952 1952 1952
40 Bhupathi, MaheshMahesh Bhupathi  IND Mixed Doubles 2 2009 2012 2005 2005
05 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 2 1964 1964 1965 1962
08 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 3 1965 1965 1966 1963
41 Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 3 2012 2012 2011 2011
45 Griffioen, JiskeJiske Griffioen  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2007 2013 2013 2007
51 van Koot, AniekAniek van Koot  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2013 2013 2013 2015
39 Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2011 2011 2010 2010
48 Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet  FRA Men's wheelchair doubles 3 2015 2010 2014 2014
47 Kunieda, ShingoShingo Kunieda  JPN Men's wheelchair doubles 2 2008 2010 2013 2014
46 Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet  FRA Men's wheelchair doubles 2 2014 2009 2013 2011

By discipline (numbers of players and table entries)

Pro Slam

Before the Open Era began in 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four majors. Many male top players "went pro" in order to win prize money legally, competing on a professional world tour comprising completely different events.[28] From 1927 through 1967, the three oldest pro events were considered "majors" of the pro tour: the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, French Pro Championship and Wembley Championships.[29][30] A player who won all three in a calendar year was considered to achieve a "Professional Grand Slam", or "Pro Slam".[29][30] The feat was accomplished twice:

Australia Ken Rosewall in 1963;[31]
Australia Rod Laver in 1967.[32]

Three other players won those three major trophies during their pro careers: Ellsworth Vines, Hans Nüsslein and Don Budge. The pro slams did not have a women's draw.

See also

Notes

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Notwithstanding year when the US Open did not take place due to date clashes with the Paralympics.
    2. In 1984, the Australian Open was the last event held, rather than the first.
    3. 1 2 Until 2016, Wimbledon have never hosted singles tournament for wheelchairs.

    References

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    2. USOpen.org. Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
    3. Grandslamhistory.com "STATS". Grand Slam History Reference Book (grandslamhistory.com). Retrieved 7 March 2014.
    4. Crowe, Jerry (22 May 1994). LA Times "Return to Grand Slam Glory: Rod Laver Was the Last Man to Sweep Four Major Titles and Thinks It Can Be Done Again". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
    5. "Slam". Online Etymological Dictionary (etymonline.com). Douglas Harper. Retrieved 9 January 2013.
    6. Gould, Alan (18 July 1933). 'Sports Slants: {subsection} Tennis "Grand Slam" '. The Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania). p. 10. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
    7. "(6) 1912–1914: The first World Clay Court Championships". Histoire du tennis: La légende du grand chelem (www.histoiredutennis.com). 30 April 2001. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
    8. Robertson, Max (1974). The Encyclopedia of Tennis. The Viking Press. p. 33. ISBN 067029408X.
    9. 1 2 Stratte-McClure, Joel (25 June 1984). "Martina Navratilova Takes the Grand Slam and Nets a Cool Million While She's at It". People. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
    10. 2010 Constitution of the International Tennis Federation Limited. Archived 18 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine
    11. Kirkpatrick, Curry (18 June 1984). "Worthy Of Really High Fives". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
    12. Newman, Paul (13 January 2011). "Nadal: 'This will be my only shot at doing the Grand Slam' ". The Independent (UK). Retrieved 19 January 2011.
    13. Tandon, Kamakshi (5 January 2009). "Gold Standard: Graf mints Golden Slam in 1988". TENNIS (tennis.com). Retrieved 26 June 2009.
    14. "Guinness world records". Retrieved 18 January 2015.
    15. "Steffi Graf: The Queen Returns to Centre Court – Golden Grand Slam definition.". Retrieved 18 January 2015.
    16. Cronin, Matt (2 July 2013). "Bryan Twins on Verge of Golden Slam". 10sBalls.com. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
    17. Gibson, Owen (6 July 2013). "Bob and Mike Bryan complete the 'Golden Bryan Slam' at Wimbledon". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 8 July 2013.
    18. "Serena Williams Blitzes To Olympic Singles Gold". Retrieved 18 January 2015.
    19. "#7: Andre Agassi". Sports Illustrated. p. 4. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
    20. Kay, Dimitri (22 November 2010). "Rafael Nadal Will Bid To Emulate Andre Agassi at the World Tour Finals". Retrieved 4 February 2014.
    21. Nelson, Murry R., ed. (2013). American Sports: A History of Icons, Idols, and Ideas. Greenwood Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780313397523.
    22. Vecsey, George (11 September 1988). "Sports of The Times; A Champion For All Seasons". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
    23. Jimmy Connors at the Association of Tennis Professionals. Retrieved 19 September 2010.
    24. "Wimbledon announces Wheelchair Tennis Singles events from 2016". www.wimbledon.com. AELTC. 12 July 2015.
    25. "US Open – The Unbelievable, Unbreakable Records". Retrieved 17 June 2014.
    26. "Martina Navratilova". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
    27. "40 Important Women's Moments: 1987, Martina's Triple Crown". Retrieved 17 June 2014.
    28. Robertson, Max (1974). Encyclopedia of Tennis. pp. 60–71.
    29. 1 2 Geist, Robert (1999). Ken Rosewall: Der Grosse Meister. Austria. p. 137.
    30. 1 2 Lee, Raymond (September 2007). "Greatest Player of All Time: A Statistical Analysis". Tennis Week Magazine.
    31. Craig, Hunt. "Legends of the game # 3 – Ken Rosewall". Tennis Sydney. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
    32. Anderson, Dave (30 August 2009). "The Greatest? Don't Forget Laver's Lost Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 April 2014.

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