List of Governors of New York

The Governor of New York is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.^[1] The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, to convene the New York legislature,^[1] the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the legislature,^[2] and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.^[3]

Fifty-six individuals have served as governor, four of whom served non-consecutive terms, totaling 60 distinct terms; the official numbering only lists each governor once, so there have officially been fifty-six governors. This numbering includes one acting governor: the lieutenant governor who filled the vacancy after the resignation of the governor, under the 1777 State Constitution.^[4] The list does not include people who have acted as governor when the governor was out of state, such as Lt. Gov. Timothy L. Woodruff during Theodore Roosevelt's vice presidential campaign in 1900, or Acting Speaker of the New York State Assembly Moses M. Weinstein, who acted as governor for ten days in 1968 while the governor, the lieutenant governor, and the senate majority leader were out of the state, attending the Republican National Convention in Miami, Florida.^[5]

Four men have become President of the United States after serving as Governor of New York: Martin Van Buren, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and six were Vice President of the United States. (Van Buren and Theodore Roosevelt held both offices.) Two governors have been Chief Justice of the United States: John Jay held that position when he was elected governor in 1795, and Charles Evans Hughes became chief justice in 1930, two decades after leaving the governorship.

The longest-serving governor was the first, George Clinton, who first took office on July 30, 1777, and served seven terms in two different periods, totaling just under 21 years in office. (As 18 of those years were consecutive, Clinton also served the longest consecutive period in office for a New York governor.) Charles Poletti had the shortest term, serving 29 days following the resignation of the previous governor in 1942. The current governor is Andrew Cuomo, who took office on January 1, 2011.

Governors

New York was one of the original thirteen colonies, and was admitted as a state on July 26, 1788. Prior to declaring its independence, New York was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain, which it in turn obtained from the Dutch as the colony of New Netherland; see the lists of colonial governors and of directors-general of New Netherland for the pre-statehood period.

The office of governor was established by the first New York State Constitution in 1777. The governor was originally for a term of three years,^[6] though the constitution did not specify when the term began. A 1787 law set the start of the term at July 1.^[7] The New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 amended the state constitution, reducing the term of office to two years,^[8] moving the election to November,^[9] and moving the beginning and the end of the term to coincide with the calendar year.^[10] An 1874 amendment extended the term of office back to three years,^[11] but the 1894 constitution again reduced it to two years.^[12] The most recent constitution of 1938 extended the term to the current four years.^[13] There is no limit to the number of consecutive terms a governor may serve.

The state constitution has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor, who is also ex officio president of the state senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions). Originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, the lieutenant governor would become acting governor until the end of the yearly legislative term, the office being filled in a special election, if there was a remainder of the term.^[14] Since the 1821 constitution, the lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office and serves for the entire remainder of the term.^[15] Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the president pro tempore of the state senate^{[note 1]} performs all the duties of the lieutenant governor until the vacancy is filled either at the next gubernatorial election or by appointment.^{[note 2]} Likewise, should both offices become vacant at the same time, the president pro tempore acts as governor, with the office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Should the presidency pro tempore be vacant too, or the incumbent unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession.^[16] The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, since 1954 with a single joint vote cast for both offices, but is nominated separately.^[17]

George Clinton, first Governor of New York, and 4th Vice President of the United States

John Jay, 2nd Governor of New York, and first Chief Justice of the United States

Daniel D. Tompkins, 4th Governor of New York, and 6th Vice President of the United States

DeWitt Clinton, 6th Governor of New York, and the Federalist nominee for the 1812 U.S. presidential election

Martin Van Buren, 9th Governor of New York, 8th Vice President of the United States, and 8th President of the United States

William H. Seward, 12th Governor of New York, Secretary of State, and known for acquiring Alaska for the United States

Horatio Seymour, 18th Governor of New York, and the Democratic nominee for the 1868 U.S. presidential election

Samuel J. Tilden, 25th Governor of New York, and the Democratic nominee for the 1876 U.S. presidential election

Grover Cleveland, 28th Governor of New York, and 22nd and 24th President of the United States

Levi P. Morton, 31st Governor of New York, and 22nd Vice President of the United States

Theodore Roosevelt, 33rd Governor of New York, 25th Vice President of the United States, and 26th President of the United States

Charles Evans Hughes, 36th Governor of New York, 11th Chief Justice of the United States, and the Republican nominee for the 1916 U.S. presidential election

Al Smith, 42nd Governor of New York, and the Democratic nominee for the 1928 U.S. presidential election

Franklin D. Roosevelt, 44th Governor of New York, and 32nd President of the United States

Thomas E. Dewey, 47th Governor of New York, and the Republican nominee for the 1944 and 1948 U.S. presidential election

Nelson Rockefeller, 49th Governor of New York, and 41st Vice President of the United States

Andrew Cuomo, 56th Governor of New York (incumbent)

Parties

Democratic (26) Democratic-Republican (9) Federalist (1) Republican (18) Whig (5)

#		Took office	Left office	Party		Terms ^{[note 3]}
1	George Clinton	July 30, 1777	June 30, 1795	Democratic- Republican	Pierre Van Cortlandt	6 ^{[note 4]} ^{[note 5]}
2	John Jay	July 1, 1795	June 30, 1801	Federalist	Stephen Van Rensselaer	2
1	George Clinton	July 1, 1801	June 30, 1804	Democratic- Republican	Jeremiah Van Rensselaer	1
3	Morgan Lewis	July 1, 1804	June 30, 1807	Democratic- Republican	John Broome	1
4	Daniel D. Tompkins	July 1, 1807	February 24, 1817	Democratic- Republican	John Broome	3 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 6]}
					John Tayler (Acting)
					DeWitt Clinton
					John Tayler
5	John Tayler (Acting) ^{[note 7]}	February 24, 1817	June 30, 1817	Democratic- Republican	Philetus Swift (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 8]}
6	DeWitt Clinton	July 1, 1817	December 31, 1822	Democratic- Republican	John Tayler	2 ^{[note 9]}
7	Joseph C. Yates	January 1, 1823	December 31, 1824	Democratic- Republican	Erastus Root	1 ^{[note 10]}
6	DeWitt Clinton	January 1, 1825	February 11, 1828	Democratic- Republican	James Tallmadge, Jr.	1 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 11]}
6	DeWitt Clinton	January 1, 1825	February 11, 1828	Democratic- Republican	Nathaniel Pitcher	1 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 11]}
8	Nathaniel Pitcher	February 11, 1828	December 31, 1828	Democratic- Republican	Peter R. Livingston (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
8	Nathaniel Pitcher	February 11, 1828	December 31, 1828	Democratic- Republican	Charles Dayan (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
9	Martin Van Buren	January 1, 1829	March 12, 1829	Democratic	Enos T. Throop	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 13]}
10	Enos T. Throop	March 12, 1829	December 31, 1832	Democratic	Charles Stebbins (Acting)	1 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 14]}
					William M. Oliver (Acting)
					Edward Philip Livingston
11	William L. Marcy	January 1, 1833	December 31, 1838	Democratic	John Tracy	3
12	William H. Seward	January 1, 1839	December 31, 1842	Whig	Luther Bradish	2
13	William C. Bouck	January 1, 1843	December 31, 1844	Democratic	Daniel S. Dickinson	1
14	Silas Wright	January 1, 1845	December 31, 1846	Democratic	Addison Gardiner	1
15	John Young	January 1, 1847	December 31, 1848	Whig	Addison Gardiner	1
					Albert Lester (Acting)
					Hamilton Fish
16	Hamilton Fish	January 1, 1849	December 31, 1850	Whig	George Washington Patterson	1
17	Washington Hunt	January 1, 1851	December 31, 1852	Whig	Sanford E. Church	1
18	Horatio Seymour	January 1, 1853	December 31, 1854	Democratic	Sanford E. Church	1
19	Myron H. Clark	January 1, 1855	December 31, 1856	Whig (fusion)	Henry Jarvis Raymond	1
20	John Alsop King	January 1, 1857	December 31, 1858	Republican	Henry R. Selden	1
21	Edwin D. Morgan	January 1, 1859	December 31, 1862	Republican	Robert Campbell	2
18	Horatio Seymour	January 1, 1863	December 31, 1864	Democratic	David R. Floyd-Jones	1
22	Reuben Fenton	January 1, 1865	December 31, 1868	Union	Thomas G. Alvord	2
22	Reuben Fenton	January 1, 1865	December 31, 1868	Union	Stewart L. Woodford	2
23	John Thompson Hoffman	January 1, 1869	December 31, 1872	Democratic	Allen C. Beach	2
24	John Adams Dix	January 1, 1873	December 31, 1874	Republican	John C. Robinson	1
25	Samuel J. Tilden	January 1, 1875	December 31, 1876	Democratic	William Dorsheimer	1
26	Lucius Robinson	January 1, 1877	December 31, 1879	Democratic	William Dorsheimer	1 ^{[note 15]}
27	Alonzo B. Cornell	January 1, 1880	December 31, 1882	Republican	George Gilbert Hoskins	1
28	Grover Cleveland	January 1, 1883	January 6, 1885	Democratic	David B. Hill	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 16]}
29	David B. Hill	January 6, 1885	December 31, 1891	Democratic	Dennis McCarthy (Acting)	2 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 14]}
29	David B. Hill	January 6, 1885	December 31, 1891	Democratic	Edward F. Jones	2 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 14]}
30	Roswell P. Flower	January 1, 1892	December 31, 1894	Democratic	William F. Sheehan	1
31	Levi P. Morton	January 1, 1895	December 31, 1896	Republican	Charles T. Saxton	1 ^{[note 17]}
32	Frank S. Black	January 1, 1897	December 31, 1898	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	1
33	Theodore Roosevelt	January 1, 1899	December 31, 1900	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	1
34	Benjamin Barker Odell	January 1, 1901	December 31, 1904	Republican	Timothy L. Woodruff	2
34	Benjamin Barker Odell	January 1, 1901	December 31, 1904	Republican	Frank W. Higgins	2
35	Frank W. Higgins	January 1, 1905	December 31, 1906	Republican	M. Linn Bruce	1
35	Frank W. Higgins	January 1, 1905	December 31, 1906	Republican	John Raines (Acting)	1
36	Charles Evans Hughes	January 1, 1907	October 6, 1910	Republican	Lewis Stuyvesant Chanler	1 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 18]}
36	Charles Evans Hughes	January 1, 1907	October 6, 1910	Republican	Horace White	1 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 18]}
37	Horace White	October 6, 1910	December 31, 1910	Republican	George H. Cobb (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
38	John Alden Dix	January 1, 1911	December 31, 1912	Democratic	Thomas F. Conway	1
39	William Sulzer	January 1, 1913	October 17, 1913	Democratic	Martin H. Glynn	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 19]}
40	Martin H. Glynn	October 17, 1913	December 31, 1914	Democratic	Robert F. Wagner (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
41	Charles S. Whitman	January 1, 1915	December 31, 1918	Republican	Edward Schoeneck	2
42	Al Smith	January 1, 1919	December 31, 1920	Democratic	Harry C. Walker	1
43	Nathan L. Miller	January 1, 1921	December 31, 1922	Republican	Jeremiah Wood	1
43	Nathan L. Miller	January 1, 1921	December 31, 1922	Republican	Clayton R. Lusk (Acting)	1
42	Al Smith	January 1, 1923	December 31, 1928	Democratic	George R. Lunn	3
					Seymour Lowman
					Edwin Corning
44	Franklin D. Roosevelt	January 1, 1929	December 31, 1932	Democratic	Herbert H. Lehman	2
45	Herbert H. Lehman	January 1, 1933	December 3, 1942	Democratic	M. William Bray	3 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 20]} ^{[note 21]}
45	Herbert H. Lehman	January 1, 1933	December 3, 1942	Democratic	Charles Poletti	3 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 20]} ^{[note 21]}
46	Charles Poletti	December 3, 1942	December 31, 1942	Democratic	Joe R. Hanley (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
47	Thomas Dewey	January 1, 1943	December 31, 1954	Republican	Thomas W. Wallace	3
					Joe R. Hanley
					Frank C. Moore
					Arthur H. Wicks (Acting)
					Walter J. Mahoney (Acting)
48	Averell Harriman	January 1, 1955	December 31, 1958	Democratic	George DeLuca	1
49	Nelson Rockefeller	January 1, 1959	December 18, 1973	Republican	Malcolm Wilson	3 ¹⁄₂ ^{[note 22]}
50	Malcolm Wilson	December 18, 1973	December 31, 1974	Republican	Warren M. Anderson (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
51	Hugh Carey	January 1, 1975	December 31, 1982	Democratic	Mary Anne Krupsak	2
51	Hugh Carey	January 1, 1975	December 31, 1982	Democratic	Mario Cuomo	2
52	Mario Cuomo	January 1, 1983	December 31, 1994	Democratic	Alfred DelBello	3
					Warren M. Anderson (Acting)
					Stan Lundine
53	George Pataki	January 1, 1995	December 31, 2006	Republican	Betsy McCaughey Ross	3
53	George Pataki	January 1, 1995	December 31, 2006	Republican	Mary O. Donohue	3
54	Eliot Spitzer	January 1, 2007	March 17, 2008	Democratic	David Paterson	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 23]}
55	David Paterson	March 17, 2008	December 31, 2010	Democratic	Joseph Bruno (Acting)	¹⁄₂ ^{[note 12]}
					Dean Skelos (Acting)
					Malcolm Smith (Acting)
					Pedro Espada (Acting) ^{[note 24]}
					Richard Ravitch (Contested) ^{[note 25]}
					Malcolm Smith (Acting) ^{[note 26]}
					Richard Ravitch ^{[note 27]}
56	Andrew Cuomo	January 1, 2011	Incumbent	Democratic	Robert Duffy	2 ^{[note 28]}
56	Andrew Cuomo	January 1, 2011	Incumbent	Democratic	Kathy Hochul	2 ^{[note 28]}

Other high offices held

This is a table of congressional and other federal offices, and ranking diplomatic positions to foreign countries held by New York governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented New York.

* Denotes those offices for which the governor resigned the governorship.

† Denotes those offices from which the governor resigned to take the governorship.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	U.S. Congress		Other offices held	Source
Governor	Gubernatorial term	House	Senate	Other offices held	Source
George Clinton	1777–1795 1801–1804			Delegate to the Continental Congress, Vice President of the United States	^[20]
John Jay	1795–1801			President of the Continental Congress, U.S. Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Minister to Spain, Chief Justice of the United States†	^[21]
Daniel D. Tompkins	1807–1817	H		Vice President of the United States*	^[22]
DeWitt Clinton	1817–1822 1825–1828		S		^[23]
Nathaniel Pitcher	1828	H			^[24]
Martin Van Buren	1829		S†	U.S. Secretary of State*, Minister to the United Kingdom, Vice President of the United States, President of the United States	^[25]
Enos T. Throop	1829–1832	H			^[26]
William L. Marcy	1833–1838		S†	U.S. Secretary of War, U.S. Secretary of State	^[27]
William H. Seward	1839–1842		S	U.S. Secretary of State	^[28]
Silas Wright	1845–1846	H	S†		^[29]
John Young	1847–1848	H			^[30]
Hamilton Fish	1849–1850	H	S	U.S. Secretary of State	^[31]
Washington Hunt	1851–1852	H			^[32]
John Alsop King	1857–1858	H			^[33]
Edwin D. Morgan	1859–1862		S		^[34]
Reuben Fenton	1865–1868	H†	S		^[35]
John Adams Dix	1873–1874		S	Minister to France, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury	^[36]
Grover Cleveland	1883–1884			President of the United States*	^[37]
David B. Hill	1885–1891		S		^[38]
Roswell P. Flower	1892–1894	H			^[39]
Levi P. Morton	1895–1896	H		Minister to France, Vice President of the United States	^[40]
Frank S. Black	1897–1898	H†			^[41]
Theodore Roosevelt	1899–1900			Vice President of the United States, President of the United States	^[42]
Benjamin B. Odell, Jr.	1901–1904	H			^[43]
Charles Evans Hughes	1907–1910			U.S. Secretary of State, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court*, Chief Justice of the United States.
William Sulzer	1913	H†			^[44]
Martin H. Glynn	1913–1914	H			^[45]
Franklin D. Roosevelt	1929–1932			President of the United States	^[46]
Herbert H. Lehman	1933–1942		S		^[47]
W. Averell Harriman	1955–1958			U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Ambassador to the Soviet Union	^[48]
Nelson Rockefeller	1959–1973			Vice President of the United States	^[49]
Hugh Carey	1975–1982	H†			^[50]
Andrew Cuomo	2011—			U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

Living former governors

As of May 2015, three former governors were alive, the oldest being George Pataki (1995–2007, born 1945). The most recent governor to die was Mario Cuomo (1983–1994), on January 1, 2015; he is also the most recently serving governor to have died.

Governor	Gubernatorial term	Date of birth (and age)
George Pataki	1995–2006	(1945-06-24) June 24, 1945
Eliot Spitzer	2007–2008	(1959-06-10) June 10, 1959
David Paterson	2008–2010	(1954-05-20) May 20, 1954

Notes

↑ The state constitutions refer to this position as the "temporary president of the senate"
↑ On September 22, 2009, the New York Court of Appeals upheld the right of the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor to fill the vacancy.
↑ The fractional terms of some governors are not to be understood absolutely literally; rather, they are meant to show single terms during which multiple governors served, due to resignations, deaths and the like.
↑ There was no codified start for terms when Clinton took office; the date was set at July 1 in 1787, starting presumably in 1789.
↑ Many sources state the early governors took office on April 1; however, the elections were held lasting three days beginning on the last Tuesday of April, with the oath of office being delivered on July 1.^[18]
↑ Resigned to be Vice President of the United States.
↑ Under the Constitution of 1777, Tayler was acting governor until the end of the legislative year.
↑ As lieutenant governor, acted as governor for unexpired term.
↑ The length and dates of terms were changed in 1821, during DeWitt Clinton's second term, which then ended on December 31, 1822 instead of July 1, 1823.
↑ As per the 1821 constitution, Yates' term was the first to last two years instead of three.
↑ Died in office.
1 2 3 4 5 6 As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term.
↑ Resigned to be United States Secretary of State
1 2 As lieutenant governor, filled unexpired term, and was subsequently elected in their own right.
↑ As per an 1874 amendment to the constitution (taking effect January 1, 1875), Robinson's term was the first to last three years instead of two. As Tilden had been elected prior to the amendment taking effect, he served the old two-year term.^[19]
↑ Resigned to be President of the United States.
↑ As per the 1894 constitution, Morton's term was the first to last two years instead of three.
↑ Resigned to be an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
↑ Impeached and removed from office for campaign contribution fraud.
↑ As per the 1938 constitution, Lehman's fourth term, commencing January 1, 1939, was the first scheduled to last four years instead of two.
↑ Resigned to be Director of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations at the U.S. Department of State
↑ Resigned to devote himself to his Commission on Critical Choices for Americans.
↑ Resigned due to a prostitution scandal
↑ Espada is a Democrat, but combined with the Republicans in a change of leadership which triggered the 2009 New York State Senate leadership crisis.
↑ Ravitch was appointed on July 8, 2009, but the appointment was contested in the courts. On August 20, the Appellate Division rejected the appointment, and Ravitch de facto vacated the office.
↑ Smith succeeded Espada on July 9 as Temporary President of the New York State Senate, and claimed to be Acting Lt. Gov. under the provisions of the New York State Constitution while the appointment of Ravitch was contested. Smith was de facto the sole occupant of the office from August 20 to September 22.
↑ On September 22, the New York Court of Appeals reversed the Appellate Division's ruling, and thus re-instated Ravitch to the lieutenant governorship, beginning de jure on July 8.
↑ Governor Cuomo's second term expires on December 31, 2018.

References

General

"Governors of New York". State of New York. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
"Governors Database: New York". National Governors Association. National Governors Association. 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
Jenkins, John Stilwell (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn N.Y.: Derby and Miller. p. 862.

Constitutions

"New York Constitution". New York Department of State. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1777 New York Constitution of New York". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1821 New York Constitution". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
"1894 New York Constitution". The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York. Retrieved July 12, 2010.

Specific

1 2 New York Constitution article IV, § 3
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 7
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 4
↑ "Governors of New York". State of New York. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ McFadden, Robert D. (December 3, 2007). "Moses Weinstein, 95, Legislator and Judge, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
↑ 1777 New York Constitution article XVIII
↑ "Governors of New York". New York Department of State. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article III, § 1
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 15
↑ 1821 New York Constitution article I, § 16
↑ John Joseph Lalor, ed. (1883). "New York". Cyclopædia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States II. Chicago: Melbert B. Cary & Company. p. 1017. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ 1894 New York Constitution article IV, § 1
↑ New York Constitution article IV, § 1
↑ 1777 New York Constitution article X
↑ New York Constitution article IV § 5
↑ New York Constitution article IV § 6
↑ "Executive Branch of the Several States". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ Jenkins, John S. (1851). Lives of the Governors of the State of New York. Auburn: Derby and Miller. p. 121. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). The Constitutional History of New York II. Rochester, New York: The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company. p. 512. ISBN 0-8476-9431-3. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
↑ "Clinton, George". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "John Jay". The Supreme Court Historical Society. Archived from the original on July 10, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
↑ "Tompkins, Daniel D.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Clinton, DeWitt". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Pitcher, Nathaniel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Martin, Van Buren". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Throop, Enos Thompson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "March, William Learned". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Seward, William Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Wright, Silas Jr.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Young John". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Fish, Hamilton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Hunt, Washington". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "King, John Alsop". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Morgan, Edwin Denison". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Fenton, Reuben Eaton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Dix, John Adams". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Grover Cleveland". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Hill, David Bennett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Flower, Roswell Pettibone". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Morton, Levi Parsons". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Black, Frank Swett". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Theodore Roosevelt". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Odell, Benjamin Barker". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Sulzer, William". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.
↑ "Glynn, Martin Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt". The White House. Retrieved July 12, 2008.
↑ "Lehman, Herbert Henry". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Averell Harriman". HistoryCenteral.com. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
↑ "Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. July 12, 2010.
↑ "Carey, Hugh Leo". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate. March 28, 2008.

External links

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Office of the Governor of New York

Governors and Lieutenant Governors of New York

Governors	G. Clinton Jay G. Clinton Lewis Tompkins Tayler D. Clinton Yates D. Clinton Pitcher Van Buren Throop Marcy Seward Bouck Wright Young Fish Hunt Seymour Clark King Morgan Seymour Fenton Hoffman J. Adams Dix Tilden Robinson Cornell Cleveland Hill Flower Morton Black T. Roosevelt Odell Higgins Hughes White J. Alden Dix Sulzer Glynn Whitman Smith Miller Smith F. Roosevelt Lehman Poletti Dewey Harriman Rockefeller Wilson Carey M. Cuomo Pataki Spitzer Paterson A. Cuomo

Lieutenant Governors	Van Cortlandt S. Van Rensselaer J. Van Rensselaer Broome Tayler Clinton Tayler Swift Tayler Root Tallmadge Pitcher P. Livingston Dayan Throop Stebbins Oliver E. Livingston Tracy Bradish Dickinson Gardiner Lester Fish Patterson Church Raymond Selden Campbell Floyd-Jones Alvord Woodford Beach Robinson Dorsheimer Hoskins Hill McCarthy Jones Sheehan Saxton Woodruff Higgins Bruce Raines Chanler White Cobb Conway Glynn Wagner Schoeneck Walker Wood Lusk Lunn Lowman Corning Lehman Bray Poletti Hanley Wallace Hanley Moore Wicks Mahoney DeLuca Wilson Anderson Krupsak Cuomo DelBello Anderson Lundine McCaughey Donohue Paterson Bruno Skelos Smith Espada Ravitch Duffy Hochul

Italics indicate acting officeholders

Chief executives of the United States

Federal	President of the United States

State governors (current list)	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Territorial (current list)	American Samoa District of Columbia Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands

Defunct	Pre-state territories Panama Canal Zone Philippine Islands (until 1935) Philippine Commonwealth (until 1946) Cuba Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

State of New York

Albany (capital)

Topics	Bibliography Demographics Economy Education Geography History Healthcare Museums Music Nickname People Politics Sports Symbols Transportation Visitor attractions

Politics	Administrative divisions Congressional districts Constitution Elections Government Law

Regions	Adirondack Mountains Allegheny Plateau Capital District Catskill Mountains Central Region (formerly Central-Leatherstocking) Central New York Champlain Valley New York City Finger Lakes Holland Purchase Hudson Highlands Hudson Valley Long Island Mohawk Valley Niagara Frontier North Country Ridge and Valley Saint Lawrence Seaway Shawangunks Ski country Southern Tier Southtowns Tech Valley Thousand Islands Tug Hill Upstate Western

Metro areas	Albany / Schenectady / Troy Binghamton Buffalo / Niagara Falls Elmira / Corning Glens Falls Ithaca Kingston New York City Rochester Syracuse Utica / Rome Watertown

Counties	Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond Rockland Saint Lawrence Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Wyoming Yates

Places	Cities Towns Indian reservations Villages Census-designated places

Years in New York (1788–present)

1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
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1800
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1911
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2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
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2028
2029

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