getopts

Not to be confused with getopt.

getopts is a built-in Unix shell command for parsing command-line arguments. It is designed to process command line arguments that follow the POSIX Utility Syntax Guidelines.

History

Getopts was first introduced in 1986 in the Bourne shell shipped with Unix SVR3.^[1] Earlier versions of the Bourne shell did not have getopts. (Note: getopts is not the same as the C library function getopt.)

Currently, getopts is available in a number of shells, including: Bourne shell, Korn shell, Almquist shell, Bash and Zsh.

Related programs

getopts (Solaris enhanced)

In spring 2004 (Solaris 10 beta development), the libc implementation for getopt() was enhanced to support long options. As a result, this new feature was also available in the built-in command getopts of the Bourne Shell.

getopt (original)

getopts was developed as an improvement to the original getopt Unix program.

The original getopt program had fewer features than getopts. For example: it did not support whitespaces in arguments, and there was no ability to disable the output of error messages.

The original getopt program was an external command line program (unlike getopts which is a built-in shell command).

getopt (GNU enhanced)

An alternative to getopts is the GNU enhanced version of getopt.

The GNU enhanced version of getopt supports the extra features of getopts plus more advanced features. Most significantly, the GNU enhanced version of getopt supports long option names (e.g. --help) and the options do not have to appear before all the operands (e.g. command operand1 operand2 -a operand3 -b is permitted by the GNU enhanced version of getopt but does not work with getopts).

The GNU enhanced version of getopt is an external command line program (unlike getopts which is a built-in shell command).

Comparison

Summary of features

	getopts	getopts (Solaris enhanced)	getopt (original)	getopt (GNU enhanced)
Splitting options for easy parsing	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Error messages can be suppressed	Yes	Yes	-	Yes
Whitespace allowed in arguments	Yes	Yes	-	Yes
Allows operands to be mixed with options	-	Yes	-	Yes
Long options support	-	Yes	-	Yes

References

↑ Mascheck, Sven. "The Traditional Bourne Shell Family". Retrieved 2010-12-01.

External links

getopts: process command line arguments – Commands & Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX® Specification, Issue 7 from The Open Group

Unix command-line interface programs and shell builtins

File system	cat chmod chown chgrp cksum cmp cp dd du df file fsck fuser ln ls mkdir mount mv pax pwd rm rmdir size split tee touch type umask

Processes	at bg chroot cron fg kill killall nice pgrep pkill ps pstree time top

User environment	clear env exit finger history id logname mesg passwd su sudo uptime talk tput uname w wall who whoami write

Text processing	awk banner basename comm csplit cut diff dirname ed ex fmt fold head iconv join less more nl paste printf sed sort spell strings tail tr uniq vi wc xargs yes

Shell builtins	alias cd echo test unset wait

Networking	dig host ifconfig inetd netcat netstat nslookup ping rdate rlogin route ssh traceroute

Searching	find grep locate whatis whereis

Documentation	apropos help man

Miscellaneous	bc dc cal expr lp od sleep true and false

List of Unix utilities

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