German submarine U-358
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany
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| Name: | U-358 |
| Ordered: | 26 October 1939 |
| Builder: | Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg |
| Yard number: | 477 |
| Laid down: | 25 June 1940 |
| Launched: | 30 June 1942 |
| Commissioned: | 15 August 1942 |
| Fate: | Sunk on 1 March 1944 by British warships north of the Azores[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type: | Type VIIC submarine |
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| Height: | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught: | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
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| Complement: | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament: |
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German submarine U-358 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She carried out five patrols before being sunk north of the Azores by British warships in March 1944.
She sank four ships and one warship.
Design
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. U-358 had a displacement of 769 tonnes (757 long tons) when at the surface and 871 tonnes (857 long tons) while submerged.[4] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two AEG GU 460/8–27 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[4]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[4] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-358 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[4]
Service history
The submarine was laid down on 25 June 1940 at the Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft yard at Flensburg as yard number 477, launched on 30 April 1942 and commissioned on 15 August under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Rolf Manke.
1st patrol
The boat's first patrol was in two parts; it began with her departure from Kiel on 12 January 1943. During the second part, which began with her departure from Kristiansand in Norway on the 16th, she negotiated the gap between Iceland and the Faroe Islands and sank the Neva 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) west of these islands on the 22nd. On the 26th, she sank the Nortind east of Cape Farewell, (Greenland). She arrived at St. Nazaire in occupied France on 8 March.
2nd patrol
Having left St. Nazaire (which would be her base for the rest of her career) on 11 April 1943, U-357 sank the Bristol City and the Wentworth; she was attacked south of Cape Farewell by the British corvette HMS Pink commanded by Lieutenant Robert Atkinson and badly damaged. (This attack had originally credited Pink with the destruction of U-192.)
3rd patrol
The submarine's third foray took her south, as far as the Gulf of Guinea, off the west African coast. At 84 days, it was her longest patrol.
4th patrol
Sortie number four saw the boat northeast of the Azores.
5th patrol and loss
U-357 had left St. Nazaire on 14 February 1944. From the 29th, she was hunted by the British frigates HMS Gould, Affleck, Gore and Garlies north of the Azores. Gore and Garlies had to break off the assault and sail to Gibraltar to re-fuel. The U-boat sank Gould on 1 March, but Affleck persisted with the attack, sinking U-358 with gunfire after the submarine was forced to the surface.
50 men died in the U-boat; there was one survivor, Alfons Eckert.
Wolfpacks
U-358 took part in eleven wolfpacks, namely.
- Haudegen (27 January – 2 February 1943)
- Nordsturm (2–9 February 1943)
- Haudegen (9–15 February 1943)
- Taifun (15–20 February 1943)
- Without name (15–18 April 1943)
- Specht (19 April – 4 May 1943)
- Fink (4–6 May 1943)
- Schill (2–16 November 1943)
- Schill 1 (16–22 November 1943)
- Weddigen (22 November – 7 December 1943)
- Preussen (22 February – 1 March 1944)
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 January 1943 | Neva |  Sweden |
1,456 | Sunk |
| 26 January 1943 | Nortind |  Norway |
8,221 | Sunk |
| 5 May 1943 | Bristol City |  United Kingdom |
2,864 | Sunk |
| 5 May 1943 | Wentworth | United Kingdom |
5,212 | Damaged |
| 1 March 1944 | HMS Gould |  Royal Navy |
1,192 | Sunk |
References
- ↑ Kemp 1999, pp. 172-3.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-358". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "War Patrols by German U-boat U-358". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-358". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German) IV (Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler). ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
- Edwards, Bernard (1996). Dönitz and the Wolf Packs - The U-boats at War. Cassell Military Classics. p. 198. ISBN 0-304-35203-9.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
- Kemp, Paul (1999). U-Boats Destroyed - German Submarine Losses in the World Wars. London: Arms & Armour. ISBN 1-85409-515-3.
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIC boat U-358". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 26 December 2014.
- Hofmann, Markus. "U 358". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 26 December 2014.