German submarine U-322
| History | |
|---|---|
 Nazi Germany
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| Name: | U-322 |
| Ordered: | 14 October 1941 |
| Builder: | Flender Werke, Lübeck |
| Yard number: | 322 |
| Laid down: | 13 February 1943 |
| Launched: | 18 December 1943 |
| Commissioned: | 5 February 1944 |
| Fate: | Sunk by HMCS Calgary (K231), in the English Channel, 29 December 1944 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type: | Type VIIC/41 submarine |
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| Height: | 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in) |
| Draught: | 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in) |
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| Complement: | 4 officers, 40–56 enlisted |
| Armament: |
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| Service record[1][2] | |
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| Identification codes: | M 49 889 |
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German submarine U-322 was a Type VIIC/41 U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
She carried out two patrols, sinking one ship of 5,149 gross register tons (GRT) and causing two others totaling 14,367 tons to be declared total losses.
The boat was sunk in December 1944 by a Canadian frigate in the English Channel.
Design
German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines. U-322 had a displacement of 759 tonnes (747 long tons) when at the surface and 860 tonnes (850 long tons) while submerged.[3] She had a total length of 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in), a pressure hull length of 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of 2,800 to 3,200 metric horsepower (2,060 to 2,350 kW; 2,760 to 3,160 shp) for use while surfaced, two Garbe, Lahmeyer & Co. RP 137/c double-acting electric motors producing a total of 750 metric horsepower (550 kW; 740 shp) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[3]
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph).[3] When submerged, the boat could operate for 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-322 was fitted with five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[3]
Service history
The submarine was laid down on 13 February 1943 by the Flender Werke yard at Lübeck as yard number 322, launched on 18 December and commissioned on 5 February 1944 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Gerhard Wysk.
She served with the 4th U-boat Flotilla for training, from 5 February 1944 to 31 October and the 11th flotilla for operations until her sinking on 29 December.
1st patrol
U-322 departed Kiel on 2 November 1944 and arrived in Horten (south of Oslo), on the 6th.
2nd patrol and loss
The boat left Horten on 15 November 1944, heading for the 'gap' between the Faroe and Shetland Islands and passing west of Ireland. On 23 December, she sank Dumfries off St Catherine's Point, Isle of Wight in the English Channel. On the 29th, seven miles off the Portland lighthouse near Weymouth, she attacked Arthur Sewall and Black Hawk, causing both vessels to be declared a total loss. She was sunk on the same day by depth charges dropped from the Canadian frigate HMCS Calgary.
Fifty two men died; there were no survivors.
Previously recorded fate
U-322 was sunk on 25 November 1944 west of the Shetland Islands by the British frigate HMS Ascension.[4]
Discovery
The wreck has been found; although it was originally thought to be that of U-772, it has been identified as U-322.
Summary of raiding history
| Date | Name | Nationality | Tonnage (GRT) |
Fate[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 December 1944 | Dumfries |  United Kingdom |
5,149 | Sunk |
| 29 December 1944 | Arthur Sewall |  United States |
7,176 | Total loss |
| 29 December 1944 | Black Hawk | United States |
7,191 | Total loss |
See also
References
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VII/C41 boat U-322". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "War Patrols by German U-boat U-322". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net accessdate=19 August 2012. line feed character in
|website=at position 35 (help) - 1 2 3 4 Gröner 1991, pp. 43-46.
- ↑ Hofmann, Markus. "U 322". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2014-12-06.
- ↑ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-322". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945. Der U-Boot-Krieg (in German) IV (Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: Mittler). ISBN 3-8132-0514-2.
- Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel (London: Conway Maritime Press). ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VII/C41 boat U-322". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- Hofmann, Markus. "U 322". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2014-12-06.