Georg Carl Amdrup

Georg Carl Amdrup
Born (1866-11-19)November 19, 1866
Copenhagen, Denmark
Died January 15, 1947(1947-01-15) (aged 80)
Copenhagen, Denmark
Allegiance  Denmark
Service/branch  Royal Danish Navy
Rank Vice Admiral

Vice Admiral Sir[1] Georg Carl Amdrup (Copenhagen, Denmark, November 19, 1866 - Copenhagen, January 15, 1947), RN[2] was a Danish naval officer, Vice Admiral and Greenland researcher.

Career

In 1884, Amdrup, of the Royal Danish Navy, was sent to Amassalik. After wintering, he explored to the north, including an examination of the Ikerasak Fjord. He mapped a large length of coastline while collecting many geological and ethnological finds. By July 1885, he reached Agga Island (67° 22' North), the furthest north of this survey.[3]

Carlsbergfondet Expedition til Ost-Gronland

Lieutenant Amdrup was the leader of a major Danish expedition in 1898-1900, the Carlsberg Fund Expedition to East Greenland (Carlsbergfondet Expedition til Ost-Gronland).[4] With him were botanist Christian Krause, ornithologist Knud Poulsen, and the sailors, A. Jakobsen and Soren P. Nielsen. They left Copenhagen on August 16, 1898, sailing from Copenhagen in the vessel Godthaab, and reaching Amassalik ("Angmagssalik") on 31 August.[5] The purpose of the expedition was to identify and examine the then completely unexplored stretch of coast between the 66th parallel north and Scoresbysund at about 70th parallel north. The following year, they traveled the coast north to 67° 22' North, establishing several depots[6] to use for future travel north.

During this expedition, Amdrup found the remains of a small, extinct Eskimo settlement.[7] From this find, he brought to Denmark in 1899 a significant ethnographic collection.[5]

The East-Greenland Coast Expedition, 1900

In 1899, Alfred Gabriel Nathorst sold the Antarctic to Amdrup. On June 15, 1900, Amdrup took an 11-man expedition to East Greenland. The survey was to explore the coast between Cape Brewster and Agga Island.[8] They arrived at Little Pendulum Island, before continuing to Kap Dalton (69°25 N) in mid July where they divided into two parties.[9] While the expedition's second in command, Nikolaj Hartz, stayed with the Antarctic and examined the country up to Scoresbysund and fjords to the north, Amdrup endured great hardship and dangers further south in a small boat Aggas that navigated through the ice belt in the polar stream and mapped an uncharted route.

During the 730 kilometres (450 mi) part of the expedition in Aggas, a 5.6 metres (18 ft) long, 1.4 metres (4 ft 7 in) wide open boat that carried Amdrup, three others including Ejnar Mikkelsen, plus 1,659 kilograms (3,657 lb) of supplies,[5][10] Amdrup found a dwelling containing the remains of 38 bodies, from which he inferred that Inuit had been trying to colonize the area.[5] Amdrup and his men were even accused of killing the 38 people, but it was later ascertained that they had starved to death.[11] Having established the fact that there were no other Eskimos on the eastern side of the island other than are known to the Danish missionaries, Amdrup's skeleton find was unusual.[12]

Amdrup and his men were picked up by the ship Antarctic at Amassalik in September and he returned to Denmark on October 4, with significant collections of botanical, geological, and zoological, specimens.[13] Part of the natural history collection that Amdrup brought back included a live musk ox and ten lemming.[5] He published the expedition results in the "Notice of Grønland", XXVII-XXIX. Swedish and English expeditions that were ongoing at the time did not report the considerable progress that the Danish expedition under Amdrup was able to show.[12]

Danmark Expedition to Greenland's Northeast Coast, 1906-1908

From 1905, Amdrup worked as an Adjutant to his friend, Prince Valdemar of Denmark.[14] He was a member of the Committee for the Danish expedition to Greenland's northeast coast 1906-1908, and, as the expedition historian,[15] Amdrup wrote the expedition history in the "Notice of Grønland", XLI.

Later years

In 1913, he was appointed to the Greenland Commission,[5] (1931: Commission for scientific studies in Greenland) of which he was chairman from 1930 until 1931. In 1937, he took over the publication of Meddelelser om Grønland.[5] He was a member of the editorial board of "Grønland in tohundredåret for Hans Egede's Land". Amdrup was promoted to the rank of commander in 1916. In 1925, he was promoted to rear admiral in 1925, and was the Commander of the Niels Iuel.[16] From 1927, he was Vice Admiral Sir Georg Amdrup.[1]

Awards and honors

At the winter 1900-01 meeting of the Royal Danish Geographical Society held in the Copenhagen Concert Hall, Amdrup was honored with a Medal of Merit in gold.[17] He also received other medals from several foreign geographical societies, including the Royal Geographical Society in 1902,[18] and the Royal Geographical Society's Back grant.[19] In 1913, Mikkelsen dedicated his book, Being the story of the 'Alabama' expedition, 1909-1912 to Amdrup.

Legacy

Landforms named in his honor include Amdrup Land 80°54′58″N 16°34′59″W / 80.916°N 16.583°W / 80.916; -16.583 (Amdrup Land) in northeastern Greenland, and Amdrup Fjord 68°12′58″N 32°19′59″W / 68.216°N 32.333°W / 68.216; -32.333 (Amdrup Fjord). The Shipbuilding & Engineering Company's ship G.C. Amdrup is also named for him.[20] Also named on his behalf is Leptognathia amdrupii,[21] which was considered for transfer to the genus Chauliopleona by 2000[22] and transferred to Chauliopleona amdrupii by 2005.[23][24]

Partial works

References

  1. 1 2 Hall, Coryne (2001). Little mother of Russia: a biography of Empress Marie Fedorovna, 1847-1928. Holmes & Meier. p. 332. ISBN 0-8419-1421-4.
  2. ↑ Mikkelsen, Ejnar; Alabama (Ship) (1913). Lost in the Arctic: being the story of the 'Alabama' expedition, 1909-1912. Heinemann. pp. 5–. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  3. ↑ Markham (Sir.), Clements Robert (1998). The Lands of Silence a History of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration. CUP Archive. pp. 367–. GGKEY:K7FDP496C5N. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  4. ↑ Higgins, A. K.; Gilotti, Jane A.; Smith, M. Paul (2008). The Greenland Caledonides: evolution of the northeast margin of Laurentia. Geological Society of America. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-0-8137-1202-4. Retrieved 31 December 2010.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mills, William J. (2003). Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  6. ↑ Apollonio, Spencer (September 2008). Lands that hold one spellbound: a story of East Greenland. University of Calgary Press. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-1-55238-240-0. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  7. ↑ Reiley, Alan Campbell (1901). History for ready reference: from the best historians, biographers, and specialists; their own words in a complete system of history ... The C.A. Nichols Co. pp. 408–. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  8. ↑ "Greenland Expedition Sails". The New York Times. June 15, 1900. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  9. ↑ Higgins, A.K. (January 2005). "Exploration history of East Greenland 69°–82°N" (PDF). eastgreenland.com. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  10. ↑ Apollonio, p. 94
  11. ↑ Mikkelsen, Ejnar (1 August 2005). Mirage in the Arctic: The Astounding 1907 Mikkelsen Expedition. Globe Pequot. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-1-59228-671-3. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  12. 1 2 American Almanac Collection (Library of Congress) (1901). Brooklyn daily eagle almanac. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. pp. 420–. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
  13. ↑ Apollonio, p. 101
  14. ↑ Mikkelsen (2005), p. 15
  15. ↑ Apollonio, p. 103
  16. ↑ "NIELS IUEL (1923-1943)". navalhistory.dk. Danish Naval History. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  17. ↑ Kongelige Danske geografiske selskab (1900). Geografisk tidskrift (in Danish). Selskabet. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  18. ↑ "Awards to Explorers". The New York Times. March 15, 1902. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  19. ↑ Lockyer (Sir), Norman (1902). Nature. Macmillan Journals ltd. pp. 472–. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  20. ↑ Higgins, p. 26
  21. ↑ Frederik Vilhelm August, Meinert (1899). Pycnogonida: af Fr. Meinert. Bianco Luno. pp. 2–. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  22. ↑ Green, Karen D; Bakus, Gerald J; Lissner, Andrew L (2000). Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: The Crustacea part 2,: the Isopoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. p. 234. ISBN 0-936494-16-6.
  23. ↑ Larsen, Kim (2005). Deep-sea Tanaidacea (Peracarida) from the Gulf of Mexico. Brill. p. 252. ISBN 90-04-14210-X.
  24. ↑ "Chauliopleona amdrupii". species.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  25. ↑ Royal Society (Great Britain) (1906). International catalogue of scientific literature, 1901-1914. pp. 144–. Retrieved 29 December 2010.

External links

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