Geology of Pakistan

Rawat Fault line near Islamabad

The geology of Pakistan encompasses the varied landscapes that make up the land constituting modern-day Pakistan, which are a blend of its geological history, and its climate over the past few million years.

The Geological Survey of Pakistan is the premier agency responsible for studying the country's geology.^[1]

Tectonic zone

Earthquake hazard zones of Pakistan

Pakistan geologically overlaps both with the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates where its Sindh and Punjab provinces lie on the north-western corner of the Indian plate while Balochistan and most of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lie within the Eurasian plate which mainly comprises the Iranian plateau, some parts of the Middle East and Central Asia. The Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir lie mainly in Central Asia along the edge of the Indian plate and hence are prone to violent earthquakes where the two tectonic plates collide.

Earthquakes

Since it lies in the centre of tectonic plates, Pakistan has been vulnerable to a number of deadly earthquakes.

Mining

References

Pakistan topics Basic topics Alphabetical index of topics   History Ancient Stone age Soanian Mehrgarh Indus Valley Indo-Iranics Indo-Aryan Achaemenid Greco-Bactrian Maurya Gandhara Indo-Greek Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthian Kushan Indo-Sassanid Medieval Indo-Hephthalite Kamboja Rai Dynasty Shahi Pala Solanki Muhammad bin Qasim Ghaznavid Ghurid Mamluk Khilji Tughlaq Sayyid Lodi Timurid Modern Pre-colonial Mughal East India Company Durrani Sikh Confederacy Sikh Empire First Anglo-Afghan War First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion Colonial British Raj Second Anglo-Afghan War Durand Line Third Anglo-Afghan War Aligarh Movement Hindi–Urdu controversy Pakistan Movement Muslim League Two nation theory Jinnah's 14 Points Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Partition Independence Dominion Dominion of Pakistan Princely states 1947 War Liaquat–Nehru Pact Baghdad Pact Republic Indus Treaty 1965 War 1971 War Project-706 Islamisation Baloch insurgency Kargil War Liberalization War in north-west   Geography Features Beaches Deserts Glaciers Islands Lakes Mountains Passes Rivers Valleys Waterfalls Wetlands Areas Arabian Sea Gwadar Bay Indus Plain Pothohar Plateau Salt Range Sistan Basin Geology Coal fields Gas fields Minerals Oil fields Tectonics Volcanoes Floods Environment Botanical gardens Ecoregions Environmental issues Forests Protected areas national parks game reserves sanctuaries Wildlife flora fauna Zoos Other topics Archaeological sites Climate weather records Borders Natural disasters earthquakes floods Subdivisions provinces districts cities World Heritage Sites   Governance State President National Security Council (C2NS ECC AEDB NCA) Government National government Cabinet Ministries Prime Minister Provincial governments Governors Chief Ministers Local government Union councils Legislative Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) Senate (upper house) Chairman National Assembly (lower house) Speaker Provincial assemblies Jirga (tribal assembly) Judicial Supreme Council Supreme Court Chief Justice Shariat Court High Courts District Courts Politics Elections Foreign relations Feudalism Intelligence community Political parties Martial law Law Constitution LFO PPC WPB PCO Human rights LGBT LGBT history Law enforcement Police Criminal Investigation (CID) Anti-Narcotics (ANF) Capital punishment Terrorism State terrorism Military History Army Air force Navy Marines Coast Guard Paramilitary Nuclear   Economy Infrastructure Electricity coal nuclear solar wind Foreign aid Fuel extraction Housing Planning Commission Post Poverty Satellite Tallest buildings Telecommunications Transportation bridges Water management Water supply and sanitation Industry Agriculture Arms Automobile Fishery Forestry Husbandry Labour child Media Mining Pharmaceuticals Silk Textiles Tourism Commerce Banking banks Companies Investment board Rupee (currency) Securities and Exchange Commission Stock markets Trade unions Trading Corporation Policy programmes Corporatisation Directive investment Industrialisation Military economisation Nationalisation Privatisation Public-private partnering Redundant Islamic economisation   Society and culture Society Crime Culture Education institutions Feudalism Gender discrimination Healthcare hospitals Human rights LGBT Marriage Media Naming List of Pakistanis Prostitution Religion Social clubs Time Urbanisation Women Demographics Diaspora Ethnicity Immigration Languages Urdu Arts Architecture Cinema films Dance Festivals Folklore Literature Mushaira Music Philosophy Textiles Theatre Lifestyle Clothing Shalwar kameez Mehndi Cuisine Etiquette Gun culture Nationalism flags public holidays songs symbols Sports Athletics Baseball Boxing Cricket Cycling Field hockey Football Gilli-danda Golf Kabaddi Motorsport Marathon (Lahore) Olympics Paralympics Polo Rugby Squash Swimming Tennis Places Botanical gardens Cemeteries Churches Forts Gurdwaras Hindu temples Libraries Mausolea and shrines Mosques Museums Parks Stadiums World Heritage Sites Zoos Category Portal Commons