Gallop rhythm

For other uses, see Gallop.

Gallop rhythm
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM	427.9, 785.3

A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation.^[1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop.

The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S₁ and S₂ that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.

A gallop rhythm contains another sound, called S₃ or S₄, dependent upon where in the cycle this added sound comes.

It can also contain both of these sounds forming a quadruple gallop, and in situations of very fast heart rate can produce a summation gallop where S₃ and S₄ occur so close as to be indistinguishable.

Associated conditions

Gallop rhythms may be heard in young or athletic people, but may also be a sign of serious cardiac problems like heart failure as well as pulmonary edema.

References

↑ Tavel ME (November 1996). "The appearance of gallop rhythm after exercise stress testing". Clin Cardiol 19 (11): 887–91. doi:10.1002/clc.4960191109. PMID 8914783.

External links

chfpatients.com - suitable for non-medical people, but requires some knowledge of medical terms
familypractice.com - requires knowledge of medical terms
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/20/6/1053.short - American Heart Assoc., Gallop Rhythm of the Heart
Kuo PT, Schnabel TG, Blakemore WS, Whereat AF (1957). "Diastolic gallop sounds, the mechanism of production". J. Clin. Invest. 36 (7): 1035–42. doi:10.1172/JCI103499. PMC 1072690. PMID 13449156.

Physiology of the cardiovascular system

Heart

Cardiac output	Cardiac cycle Cardiac output Heart rate Stroke volume Stroke volume End-diastolic volume End-systolic volume Afterload Preload Frank–Starling law of the heart Cardiac function curve Venous return curve Wiggers diagram Pressure volume diagram

Ultrasound	Fractional shortening = (End-diastolic dimension End-systolic dimension) / End-diastolic dimension Aortic valve area calculation Ejection fraction Cardiac index

Heart rate	Cardiac pacemaker Chronotropic (Heart rate) Dromotropic (Conduction velocity) Inotropic (Contractility) Bathmotropic (Excitability) Lusitropic (Relaxation)

Conduction	Conduction system Cardiac electrophysiology Action potential cardiac atrial ventricular Effective refractory period Pacemaker potential Electrocardiography P wave PR interval QRS complex QT interval ST segment T wave U wave Hexaxial reference system

Chamber pressure	Central venous Right atrial ventricular pulmonary artery wedge Left atrial ventricular Aortic

Other	Ventricular remodeling

Vascular system/
Hemodynamics

Blood flow	Compliance Vascular resistance Pulse Perfusion

Blood pressure	Pulse pressure Systolic Diastolic Mean arterial pressure Jugular venous pressure Portal venous pressure

Regulation of BP	Baroreflex Kinin–kallikrein system Renin–angiotensin system Vasoconstrictors Vasodilators Autoregulation Myogenic mechanism Tubuloglomerular feedback Cerebral autoregulation Paraganglia Aortic body Carotid body Glomus cell

Symptoms and signs relating to the cardiovascular system (R00–R03, 785)

Chest pain	Referred pain Angina Aerophagia

Auscultation	Heart sounds Split S2 Third heart sound Fourth heart sound Gallop rhythm Heart murmur Systolic Diastolic Continuous Pericardial friction rub Heart click Bruit carotid

Pulse	Tachycardia Bradycardia Pulsus tardus et parvus Pulsus paradoxus doubled Pulsus bisferiens Dicrotic pulse Pulsus bigeminus Pulsus alternans

Vascular disease	Gangrene

Other	Palpitation Apex beat Cœur en sabot Jugular venous pressure Cannon A waves Hyperaemia

Shock	Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Distributive Septic Neurogenic

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