Isotopes of gallium

Natural gallium (Ga) consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. The most commercially important radioisotopes are gallium-67 and gallium-68.

Gallium-67 (half-life 3.3 days) is a gamma-emitting isotope (the gamma emitted immediately after electron-capture) used in standard nuclear medical imaging, in procedures usually referred to as gallium scans. It is usually used as the free ion, Ga³⁺. It is the longest-lived radioisotope of gallium.

The shorter-lived gallium-68 (half-life 68 minutes) is a positron-emitting isotope generated from germanium-68 in gallium-68 generators, for use in a small minority of diagnostic PET scans. For this use, it is usually attached as a tracer to a carrier molecule, which gives the resulting radiopharmaceutical a different tissue-uptake specificity from the ionic Ga-67 radioisotope normally used in standard gallium scans.

Relative atomic mass: 69.723(1)

Table

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[1]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)	range of natural variation (mole fraction)
⁵⁶Ga	31	25	55.99491(28)#		p	⁵⁵Zn	3+#
⁵⁷Ga	31	26	56.98293(28)#		p	⁵⁶Zn	1/2−#
⁵⁸Ga	31	27	57.97425(23)#		p	⁵⁷Zn	2+#
⁵⁹Ga	31	28	58.96337(18)#		p	⁵⁸Zn	3/2−#
⁶⁰Ga	31	29	59.95706(12)#	70(10) ms	β⁺	⁶⁰Zn	(2+)
⁶¹Ga	31	30	60.94945(6)	168(3) ms	β⁺	⁶¹Zn	3/2−
⁶²Ga	31	31	61.944175(30)	116.18(4) ms	β⁺	⁶²Zn	0+
⁶³Ga	31	32	62.9392942(14)	32.4(5) s	β⁺	⁶³Zn	(3/2−)
⁶⁴Ga	31	33	63.9368387(22)	2.627(12) min	β⁺	⁶⁴Zn	0(+#)
^64mGa	42.85(8) keV			21.9(7) µs			2+
⁶⁵Ga	31	34	64.9327348(9)	15.2(2) min	β⁺	⁶⁵Zn	3/2−
⁶⁶Ga	31	35	65.931589(3)	9.49(7) h	β⁺	⁶⁶Zn	0+
⁶⁷Ga^{[n 3]}	31	36	66.9282017(14)	3.2612(6) d	EC	⁶⁷Zn	3/2−
⁶⁸Ga^{[n 4]}	31	37	67.9279801(16)	67.71(9) min	β⁺	⁶⁸Zn	1+
⁶⁹Ga	31	38	68.9255736(13)	Stable			3/2−	0.60108(9)
⁷⁰Ga	31	39	69.9260220(13)	21.14(3) min	β⁻ (99.59)	⁷⁰Ge	1+
⁷⁰Ga	31	39	69.9260220(13)	21.14(3) min	EC (0.41%)	⁷⁰Zn	1+
⁷¹Ga	31	40	70.9247013(11)	Stable			3/2−	0.39892(9)
⁷²Ga	31	41	71.9263663(11)	14.095(3) h	β⁻	⁷²Ge	3-
^72mGa	119.66(5) keV			39.68(13) ms	IT	⁷²Ga	(0+)
⁷³Ga	31	42	72.9251747(18)	4.86(3) h	β⁻	⁷³Ge	3/2−
⁷⁴Ga	31	43	73.926946(4)	8.12(12) min	β⁻	⁷⁴Ge	(3-)
^74mGa	59.571(14) keV			9.5(10) s			(0)
⁷⁵Ga	31	44	74.9265002(26)	126(2) s	β⁻	⁷⁵Ge	(3/2)−
⁷⁶Ga	31	45	75.9288276(21)	32.6(6) s	β⁻	⁷⁶Ge	(2+,3+)
⁷⁷Ga	31	46	76.9291543(26)	13.2(2) s	β⁻	⁷⁷Ge	(3/2−)
⁷⁸Ga	31	47	77.9316082(26)	5.09(5) s	β⁻	⁷⁸Ge	(3+)
⁷⁹Ga	31	48	78.93289(11)	2.847(3) s	β⁻ (99.911%)	^79mGe	(3/2−)#
⁷⁹Ga	31	48	78.93289(11)	2.847(3) s	β⁻, n (.089%)	⁷⁸Ge	(3/2−)#
⁸⁰Ga	31	49	79.93652(13)	1.697(11) s	β⁻ (99.11%)	⁸⁰Ge	(3)
⁸⁰Ga	31	49	79.93652(13)	1.697(11) s	β⁻, n (.89%)	⁷⁹Ge	(3)
⁸¹Ga	31	50	80.93775(21)	1.217(5) s	β⁻ (88.11%)	^81mGe	(5/2−)
⁸¹Ga	31	50	80.93775(21)	1.217(5) s	β⁻, n (11.89%)	⁸⁰Ge	(5/2−)
⁸²Ga	31	51	81.94299(32)#	0.599(2) s	β⁻ (78.5%)	⁸²Ge	(1,2,3)
⁸²Ga	31	51	81.94299(32)#	0.599(2) s	β⁻, n (21.5%)	⁸¹Ge	(1,2,3)
⁸³Ga	31	52	82.94698(32)#	308(1) ms	β⁻ (60%)	⁸³Ge	3/2−#
⁸³Ga	31	52	82.94698(32)#	308(1) ms	β⁻, n (40%)	⁸²Ge	3/2−#
⁸⁴Ga	31	53	83.95265(43)#	0.085(10) s	β⁻, n (70%)	⁸³Ge
⁸⁴Ga	31	53	83.95265(43)#	0.085(10) s	β⁻ (30%)	⁸⁴Ge
⁸⁵Ga	31	54	84.95700(54)#	50# ms [>300 ns]			3/2−#
⁸⁶Ga	31	55	85.96312(86)#	30# ms [>300 ns]

↑ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
↑ Deexcitation gamma used in medical imaging
↑ Medically useful radioisotope

Notes

Commercially available materials may have been subjected to an undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation. Substantial deviations from the given mass and composition can occur.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
Nuclide masses are given by IUPAP Commission on Symbols, Units, Nomenclature, Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants (SUNAMCO).
Isotope abundances are given by IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.

References

↑ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (registration required (help)).

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of zinc	Isotopes of gallium	Isotopes of germanium
Table of nuclides

Isotopes of the chemical elements
1 H																	2 He
3 Li	4 Be											5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg											13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca	21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr	39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba		72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra		104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

		57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu
		89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr
Table of nuclides Categories: Isotopes Tables of nuclides Metastable isotopes Isotopes by element

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