GNB2

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2

PDB rendering based on 1b9x.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1b9x, 1b9y, 1gg2, 1got, 1gp2, 1omw, 1tbg, 1xhm, 2bcj, 2trc

Identifiers

Symbol

GNB2

External IDs

OMIM: 139390 MGI: 95784 HomoloGene: 68451 GeneCards: GNB2 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• GTPase activity • signal transducer activity • calcium channel regulator activity • protein binding • protein complex binding • GTPase binding
Cellular component	• extracellular space • lysosomal membrane • plasma membrane • focal adhesion • membrane • vesicle • myelin sheath • protein complex • cell body • perinuclear region of cytoplasm • extracellular exosome
Biological process	• energy reserve metabolic process • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • synaptic transmission • small molecule metabolic process • cellular response to glucagon stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 7:
100.67 – 100.68 Mb

Chr 5:
137.53 – 137.53 Mb

PubMed search

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB2 gene.^[1]^[2]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. This gene contains a trinucleotide (CCG) repeat length polymorphism in its 5' UTR.^[2]

References

↑ Glockner G, Scherer S, Schattevoy R, Boright A, Weber J, Tsui LC, Rosenthal A (Dec 1998). "Large-scale sequencing of two regions in human chromosome 7q22: analysis of 650 kb of genomic sequence around the EPO and CUTL1 loci reveals 17 genes". Genome Res 8 (10): 1060–73. doi:10.1101/gr.8.10.1060. PMC 310788. PMID 9799793.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: GNB2 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 2".

Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families.". Genomics 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin.". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151.
Lovett M, Kere J, Hinton LM (1991). "Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (21): 9628–32. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9628. PMC 52771. PMID 1946378.
Blatt C, Eversole-Cire P, Cohn VH; et al. (1988). "Chromosomal localization of genes encoding guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunits in mouse and human.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (20): 7642–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7642. PMC 282248. PMID 2902634.
Fong HK, Amatruda TT, Birren BW, Simon MI (1987). "Distinct forms of the beta subunit of GTP-binding regulatory proteins identified by molecular cloning.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (11): 3792–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.11.3792. PMC 304962. PMID 3108879.
Gao B, Gilman AG, Robishaw JD (1987). "A second form of the beta subunit of signal-transducing G proteins.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (17): 6122–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.17.6122. PMC 299020. PMID 3114742.
Buhl AM, Osawa S, Johnson GL (1995). "Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation requires two signal inputs from the human anaphylatoxin C5a receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 19828–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.19828. PMID 7649993.
Ray K, Kunsch C, Bonner LM, Robishaw JD (1995). "Isolation of cDNA clones encoding eight different human G protein gamma subunits, including three novel forms designated the gamma 4, gamma 10, and gamma 11 subunits.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (37): 21765–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.37.21765. PMID 7665596.
Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T; et al. (1995). "A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (24): 14251–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251. PMID 7782277.
Ueda N, Iñiguez-Lluhi JA, Lee E; et al. (1994). "G protein beta gamma subunits. Simplified purification and properties of novel isoforms.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (6): 4388–95. PMID 8308009.
Liang JJ, Cockett M, Khawaja XZ (1998). "Immunohistochemical localization of G protein beta1, beta2, beta3, beta4, beta5, and gamma3 subunits in the adult rat brain.". J. Neurochem. 71 (1): 345–55. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71010345.x. PMID 9648884.
Kleiderlein JJ, Nisson PE, Jessee J; et al. (1999). "CCG repeats in cDNAs from human brain.". Hum. Genet. 103 (6): 666–73. doi:10.1007/s004390050889. PMID 9921901.
Asano T, Morishita R, Ueda H, Kato K (1999). "Selective association of G protein beta(4) with gamma(5) and gamma(12) subunits in bovine tissues.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (30): 21425–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.30.21425. PMID 10409705.
Suzuki H, Fukunishi Y, Kagawa I; et al. (2001). "Protein-protein interaction panel using mouse full-length cDNAs.". Genome Res. 11 (10): 1758–65. doi:10.1101/gr.180101. PMC 311163. PMID 11591653.
Blake BL, Wing MR, Zhou JY; et al. (2002). "G beta association and effector interaction selectivities of the divergent G gamma subunit G gamma(13).". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 49267–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106565200. PMID 11675383.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F; et al. (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7220–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210304200. PMID 12486123.
Sprague RS, Bowles EA, Olearczyk JJ; et al. (2003). "The role of G protein beta subunits in the release of ATP from human erythrocytes.". J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 53 (4 Pt 1): 667–74. PMID 12512701.

PDB gallery

1b9x: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN

1b9y: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF PHOSDUCIN AND ITS PHOSPHORYLATION-REGULATED INTERACTION WITH TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA

1gg2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND

1got: HETEROTRIMERIC COMPLEX OF A GT-ALPHA/GI-ALPHA CHIMERA AND THE GT-BETA-GAMMA SUBUNITS

1gp2: G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND

1omw: Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits

1tbg: BETA-GAMMA DIMER OF THE HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEIN TRANSDUCIN

1xhm: The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer

2bcj: Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits

2trc: PHOSDUCIN/TRANSDUCIN BETA-GAMMA COMPLEX

Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

MAP

see MAP kinase pathway

Calcium

G protein

Heterotrimeric

cAMP:	Heterotrimeric G protein Gs/Gi Adenylate cyclase cAMP 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase A

cGMP:	Transducin Guanylate cyclase cGMP 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase Protein kinase G

G alpha subunit G_α GNAO1 GNAI1 GNAI2 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAT2 GNAT3 GNAZ GNAS GNAL GNAQ GNA11 GNA12 GNA13 GNA14 GNA15/GNA16

G beta-gamma complex G_β GNB1 GNB2 GNB3 GNB4 GNB5 G_γ GNGT1 GNGT2 GNG2 GNG3 GNG4 GNG5 GNG7 GNG8 GNG10 GNG11 GNG12 GNG13 BSCL2

G protein-coupled receptor kinase AMP-activated protein kinase

Monomeric

Cyclin

Lipid

Other protein kinase

Serine/threonine:	Casein kinase 1 2 eIF-2 kinase EIF2AK3 Glycogen synthase kinase GSK1 GSK2 GSK-3 GSK3A GSK3B IκB kinase CHUK IKK2 IKBKG Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase IRAK1 IRAK2 IRAK3 IRAK4 Lim kinase LIMK1 LIMK2 p21-activated kinases PAK1 PAK2 PAK3 PAK4 Rho-associated protein kinase ROCK1 ROCK2 Ribosomal s6 kinase RPS6KA1

Tyrosine:	ZAP70 Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase PTK2 PTK2B BTK

both	Dual-specificity kinase

Other protein phosphatase

Serine/threonine:	Protein phosphatase 2

Tyrosine:	protein tyrosine phosphatase: Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

both:	Dual-specificity phosphatase

Apoptosis

see apoptosis signaling pathway

GTP-binding protein regulators

see GTP-binding protein regulators

Other

see also deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins

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GNB2

References

Further reading