Fort Myers, Florida
| Fort Myers, Florida | |
|---|---|
| City | |
| City of Fort Myers | |
|
Sidney and Berne Davis Art Museum in downtown Fort Myers | |
| Nickname(s): "City of Palms" | |
 Location in Lee County, Florida | |
 U.S. Census Bureau map showing city limits | |
| Coordinates: 26°37′N 81°50′W / 26.617°N 81.833°WCoordinates: 26°37′N 81°50′W / 26.617°N 81.833°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Lee |
| Founded | March 24, 1886 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council–manager |
| • Mayor | Randy Henderson, Jr. |
| Area[1] | |
| • Total | 48.98 sq mi (126.9 km2) |
| • Land | 39.96 sq mi (103.5 km2) |
| • Water | 9.02 sq mi (23.4 km2) |
| Elevation[2] | 10 ft (3 m) |
| Population (2012)[3] | |
| • Total | 65,725 |
| • Density | 2,065/sq mi (797/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code(s) | 33900-33999 |
| Area code(s) | 239 |
| FIPS code | 12-24125[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 0282700[2] |
| Website |
www |
Fort Myers is the county seat[4] and commercial center of Lee County, Florida. Fort Myers is a gateway to the Southwest Florida region and a major tourist destination within Florida. The winter homes of Thomas Edison ("Seminole Lodge") and Henry Ford ("The Mangoes") are a primary tourist attraction in the region.[5] The city is named after Colonel Abraham Myers.[6][7] The geographic statistical area is serviced by Southwest Florida International Airport (RSW), located southeast of the city.
History
Fort Myers was one of the first forts built along the Caloosahatchee River as a base of operations against the Seminole Indians during the American Indian Wars. During the Seminole Wars, Fort Myers was a strategic location for its visibility and access to Atlantic waterways.
After the Wars, Confederate blockade runners and cattle ranchers called Fort Myers home. These settlers prospered through trading with Seminole Indians and Union Soldiers.[8]
Settlement and founding
On February 21, 1866, Manuel A. Gonzalez and his five-year-old son, Manuel S. Gonzalez, became the first permanent settlers of Fort Myers after arriving from Key West, Florida.[9] Three weeks later, Joseph Vivas and his wife, Christianna Stirrup Vivas, arrived with Gonzalez's wife, Evalina Gonzalez, and daughter, Mary Gonzalez.[10]
Gonzales had shipped supplies and carried mail during the war and settled his family near the abandoned Fort Myers to begin the town's first trading post. Gonzalez traded tobacco, beads, and gunpowder, and sold otter, bobcat, and gator hide, to the neighboring Seminole Indians.[8]
In 1881, the wealthy industrialist Hamilton Disston of Philadelphia came to the Caloosahatchee Valley to dredge and drain the everglades for development. Diston connected Lake Okeechobee with the Caloosahatchee River, which allowed steamboats to run from the Gulf of Mexico to Lake Okeechobee and up the Kissimmee River.[8]
On August 12, 1885, the small town of Fort Myers—all 349 residents—was incorporated. By that time, it was the second largest town on Florida’s Gulf Coast south of Cedar Key.[11]
In 1885, inventor Thomas Alva Edison was cruising Florida’s west coast and stopped to visit Fort Myers.[12] He soon bought 13 acres along the Caloosahatchee River in town, and built a home and laboratory, "Seminole Lodge", as a winter retreat. After the Lodge was completed in 1886, Edison and his wife, Mina, spent many winters at their home in Fort Myers. Edison also enjoyed local recreational fishing, for which Fort Myers had gained national notoriety.[13]
In 1898, Fort Myers became a nationally known winter resort destination with the building of the Royal Palm Hotel.[14]
20th century
On May 10, 1904, access to the Fort Myers area was greatly improved with the opening of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, connecting Punta Gorda to Fort Myers. This route provided Lee County both passenger and freight railroad service.[15]
In 1908, the Arcade Theater was constructed in downtown Fort Myers. It served originally as a vaudeville house, and was an auditorium that Fort Myers resident Thomas Edison sat in to view his first films, with his friends Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone.[16] The Arcade Theatre was eventually converted into a full movie house, with a wall dividing the stage to form two screening rooms. It is now host to the Florida Repertory Theatre, a performing arts hall.
During the period of 1914-1918 (World War I), Edison became concerned with America's reliance on foreign supplies of rubber. He partnered with tire producer Harvey Firestone, of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, and his good friend Henry Ford, of the Ford Motor Company, to try to find a rubber tree or plant that could grow quickly in the United States and, above all, contain enough latex to support his research endeavor. In 1927, the three men contributed $25,000 each, and created the Edison Botanic Research Corporation in an attempt to find a solution to this problem.[17]
In 1928, the Edison Botanic Research Corporation laboratory was constructed. It was in Fort Myers, Florida that Edison would do the majority of his research and planting of his exotic plants and trees, sending any results or sample rubber residues up to West Orange, New Jersey, to his large Thomas A. Edison "Invention Factory" (now preserved in the Thomas Edison National Historical Park). Through Edison's efforts, the royal palms lining Riverside Avenue (now McGregor Boulevard) were imported and planted, and would become the reason for Fort Myers's "City of Palms" nickname.[18]
After testing 17,000 plant samples, Edison eventually discovered a source in the plant Goldenrod (Solidago leavenworthii). Thomas Edison died in 1931, and the rubber project was transferred to the United States Department of Agriculture five years later.[19]
In 1916, automobile magnate Henry Ford purchased the home next door to Edison's from a Robert Smith of New York, which Ford called "the Mangoes". Ford's craftsman style bungalow was built in 1911 by Smith. Ford, along with Harvey Firestone and Thomas Edison, were generally considered the three leaders in American industry at the time, and often worked and vacationed together. All three were part of a very exclusive group titled "the Millionaires' Club". The three men are now memorialized in statues in downtown Fort Myers' Centennial Park
In 1924, with the construction of the Edison Bridge, which was named after the city's most famous winter resident, the city's population steadily grew. In the decade following the bridge's construction, the city experienced its first real estate boom. Several new residential subdivisions were built beyond Downtown, including Dean Park, Edison Park, and Seminole Park [20] Edison Park, located across McGregor Boulevard from the Edison and Ford properties, includes a number of Fort Myers' most stately homes. The historic development showcases a variety of architectural styles, and is known for its community activities and strong neighborhood ties.[21]
On February 11, 1931, the 84th birthday of its namesake, the Edison Bridge was opened. Edison dedicated the bridge, and was also the first to drive across it.
In 1947, Mina Edison deeded Seminole Lodge to the City of Fort Myers in memory of her late husband for the enjoyment of the public. By 1988, the adjacent Henry Ford winter estate was purchased and opened for public tours in 1990. The combined properties today are now known as the Edison and Ford Winter Estates.
Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 40.4 square miles (105 km2). 31.8 square miles (82 km2) of it is land, and 8.6 square miles (22 km2) of it (21.25%) is water.
Fort Myers has short, warm winters, and long, hot, humid summers, with most of the year's rain falling from June to September.
The temperature rarely rises to 100 °F (38 °C) or lowers to the freezing mark.[22] At 89, Fort Myers leads the nation in the number of days annually in which a thunderstorm is close enough for thunder to be heard.[23]
Fort Myers has a tropical savanna climate. A tropical savanna climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category "Aw". Tropical savanna climates have monthly mean temperatures above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the year and typically a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60 mm.
The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 64.2 °F (17.9 °C) in January to 83.4 °F (28.6 °C) in August, with the annual mean being 75.1 °F (23.9 °C).
Records range from 24 °F (−4 °C) on December 29, 1894 up to 103 °F (39 °C) on June 16–17, 1981.[22]
| Climate data for Fort Myers, Florida (Page Field), 1981–2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) |
92 (33) |
93 (34) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
103 (39) |
101 (38) |
100 (38) |
98 (37) |
95 (35) |
95 (35) |
90 (32) |
103 (39) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 74.7 (23.7) |
77.2 (25.1) |
80.4 (26.9) |
84.6 (29.2) |
89.4 (31.9) |
91.5 (33.1) |
91.9 (33.3) |
91.8 (33.2) |
90.5 (32.5) |
86.7 (30.4) |
81.3 (27.4) |
76.6 (24.8) |
84.7 (29.3) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) |
55.9 (13.3) |
59.4 (15.2) |
63.1 (17.3) |
68.7 (20.4) |
73.5 (23.1) |
74.5 (23.6) |
74.9 (23.8) |
74.3 (23.5) |
69.1 (20.6) |
62.0 (16.7) |
56.4 (13.6) |
65.5 (18.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 27 (−3) |
27 (−3) |
33 (1) |
39 (4) |
50 (10) |
58 (14) |
66 (19) |
65 (18) |
63 (17) |
45 (7) |
34 (1) |
24 (−4) |
24 (−4) |
| Average rainfall inches (mm) | 1.89 (48) |
2.13 (54.1) |
2.84 (72.1) |
2.02 (51.3) |
2.72 (69.1) |
10.28 (261.1) |
9.14 (232.2) |
10.21 (259.3) |
8.55 (217.2) |
2.67 (67.8) |
1.92 (48.8) |
1.69 (42.9) |
56.06 (1,423.9) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.01 in) | 5.5 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 16.0 | 17.6 | 17.9 | 15.4 | 6.8 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 110.5 |
| Source: NOAA (extremes 1892–present)[22] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1890 | 575 | — | |
| 1900 | 943 | 64.0% | |
| 1910 | 2,463 | 161.2% | |
| 1920 | 3,678 | 49.3% | |
| 1930 | 9,082 | 146.9% | |
| 1940 | 10,604 | 16.8% | |
| 1950 | 13,195 | 24.4% | |
| 1960 | 22,523 | 70.7% | |
| 1970 | 27,351 | 21.4% | |
| 1980 | 36,638 | 34.0% | |
| 1990 | 45,206 | 23.4% | |
| 2000 | 48,208 | 6.6% | |
| 2010 | 62,298 | 29.2% | |
| Est. 2014 | 70,918 | [24] | 13.8% |
| source:[25] | |||
| Fort Myers Demographics | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 Census | Fort Myers | Lee County | Florida |
| Total population | 62,298 | 618,754 | 18,801,310 |
| Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010 | +29.2% | +40.3% | +17.6% |
| Population density | 1,559.1/sq mi | 788.7/sq mi | 350.6/sq mi |
| (Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian) | 30.6% | 53.9% | 57.9% |
| Black or African-American | 39.3% | 18.3% | 16.0% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 32.0% | 20.4% | 22.5% |
| Asian | 1.6% | 1.4% | 2.4% |
| Native American or Native Alaskan | 0.6% | 0.4% | 0.4% |
| Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Two or more races (Multiracial) | 2.8% | 2.1% | 2.5% |
| Some Other Race | 8.0% | 4.7% | 3.6% |
The population of Fort Myers was 62,298 during the 2010 census.[26] Between the 2000 census and 2010 census, the city's population increased at a rate of 29.2 percent.
Fort Myers is one of two cities that make up the Cape Coral-Fort Myers Metropolitan Statistical Area. The 2010 population for the metropolitan area was 618,754.[26]
The population of Lee County, Florida and the Cape Coral-Fort Myers Metropolitan Statistical Area has grown 40.3 percent since the census in 2000, much faster than the average growth rate of 17.6 percent experienced throughout the State of Florida.
Government
Fort Myers is governed by a six-member city council where each member is elected from a single member ward. The city practices a council–manager form of government where the city council is responsible for the legislative functions of the municipality. The city council is responsible for establishing policy, passing local ordinances, voting appropriations, and developing an overall vision for the city.
The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The current mayor of Fort Myers is Randy Henderson, Jr.
Policing of Fort Myers is performed by the Fort Myers Police Department.
Education
Secondary schools
See: Lee County School District for other public schools in the area.
- Secondary schools in the city include:
- Dunbar High School whose Science Olympiad teams won 15th place overall in the 2007 Florida State Science Olympiad, including a win in the remote sensing category.[27]
- Fort Myers Senior High School, an International Baccalaureate school, is ranked as one of the best public schools in the nation by Newsweek magazine.[28]
- Bishop Verot High School, a private, Roman Catholic high school in Ft. Myers, operated by the Diocese of Venice, Florida.
Higher education
Institutions of higher learning in the city include:
- Hodges University
- Keiser University[29]
- Nova Southeastern University[30]
- Rasmussen College[31]
- Southern Technical College
- Fort Myers Technical College[32]
- Florida Gulf Coast University
Sports
City of Palms Classic
The City of Palms Classic is an annual high school basketball tournament held in Fort Myers, Florida, since 1973. Several of its alumni have made it to the NBA.
Points of interest
- The Calusa Nature Center and Planetarium[33] is a private, not-for-profit, environmental education organization. Set on a site, it has a museum, three nature trails, a planetarium, butterfly and bird aviaries, a gift shop and meeting and picnic areas.
- City of Palms Park, former home of the Boston Red Sox spring training program, close to downtown Fort Myers.
- Edison and Ford Winter Estates
- Edison Mall
- Historic Downtown, waterfront entertainment district
- Murphy-Burroughs House
- Imaginarium Science Center
- Southwest Florida Museum of History
Public transportation
Buses run by LeeTran provide local service in Fort Myers.[34]
Fort Myers in popular culture
In film
- The abandoned city scene with the Edison Theatre, from the movie Day of the Dead (1985) was filmed in downtown Fort Myers.[35]
- Some courthouse and other "city" scenes in Just Cause (1995) were filmed in downtown Ft. Myers and the beach scenes were filmed in Sanibel, Florida.[36]
- Part of the independent film Trans (1999) was filmed in Fort Myers, Florida.[37]
In print
- Fort Myers is part of the setting of Red Grass River: A Legend (1998), an award-winning novel by James Carlos Blake[38]
Notable people
Present
- Nate Allen, safety for the Oakland Raiders
- Haley Bennett, actress
- Jason Bartlett – Tampa Bay Rays shortstop
- Bob Beamon - former track and field athlete in the 1968 Summer Olympics
- Bert Blyleven – Hall of Fame pitcher for the Minnesota Twins, Texas Rangers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Cleveland Indians and California Angels[39]
- James Carlos Blake - author and former faculty member of Edison Community College
- Phillip Buchanon – cornerback for the Washington Redskins, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Houston Texans, Oakland Raiders[40]
- Stacy Carter – former WWE wrestler[41]
- Terrence Cody – nose tackle for Baltimore Ravens[42]
- Casey Coleman - pitcher for the Chicago Cubs [43]
- Bill Davey – professional bodybuilder[44]
- Noel Devine – running back for the Montreal Alouettes[45]
- Richard Fain - former NFL player
- Earnest Graham – NFL running back, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
- Mike Greenwell – former Boston Red Sox left fielder and former NASCAR driver[46]
- Mario Henderson – offensive tackle, Oakland Raiders[47]
- Nolan Henke – professional golfer[48]
- Anthony Henry – cornerback, Detroit Lions, Dallas Cowboys, Cleveland Browns
- Sara Hildebrand – United States Olympic diver (2000, 2004)[49][50]
- Adam Johnson - former pitcher for the Minnesota Twins[51]
- Jevon Kearse – defensive end, Philadelphia Eagles, Tennessee Titans
- Terri Kimball – Playboy Playmate of the Month for May 1964[52]
- Derek Lamely - professional golfer[53]
- Craig Leon – music and visual producer of the Ramones, Blondie, Luciano Pavarotti, Joshua Bell
- Reconcile (rapper) (Ronnie Lillard)
- Erick McIntosh – American football player
- George McNeill - professional golfer
- Terry-Jo Myers - professional golfer, winner of three LPGA Tour tournaments[54]
- Seth Petruzelli – professional MMA fighter[55]
- Plies (Algernod Lanier Washington) – rapper[56]
- Deion Sanders – Hall of Fame NFL cornerback for six teams, inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a Dallas Cowboy, and Major League Baseball outfielder for five teams[57]
- Peggy Schoolcraft – professional bodybuilder, 1997 NPC Team Universe Champion[58][59]
- Vonzell Solomon – American Idol third-place finisher[60]
- Greg Spires- former NFL player[61]
- Elissa Steamer – professional skateboarder
- Sammy Watkins - wide receiver for the Buffalo Bills
- Tommy Watkins – former Minnesota Twins baseball player[62]
- Jeremy Ware- cornerback for the Oakland Raiders[63]
- Walt Wesley – professional basketball player (1966–1976) for the Cincinnati Royals and six other NBA teams.[64]
- Cliff Williams – bass player for AC/DC
- Julio Zuleta – former first baseman for the Chicago Cubs
Past
- Verna Aardema - children's book author
- G. Harold Alexander - Florida Republican Party state chairman, c. 1952-1964
- Patty Berg – Hall of Fame golfer, one of LPGA's founders
- Gerard Damiano – adult film director
- Thomas Edison – improved and perfected the incandescent light bulb and audio recording methods, had a winter estate next to Henry Ford's
- Harvey Firestone – founded Firestone Tire Company, had a winter estate near Edison and Ford's homes[65][66]
- Henry Ford – founded the Ford Motor Company, and father of the assembly line, had a winter estate next to Thomas Edison's
- Charles Ghigna – poet and children's author known as "Father Goose;" boyhood home 1950-1973
- Jerry Lawler – WWE wrestler and announcer[41]
- Denise Masino – professional bodybuilder
- Mindy McCready – country music artist[67]
- Diamond Dallas Page – former WCW and WWE wrestler, actor
- Kimberly Page – former member of the WCW Nitro Girls and Playboy model
- Marius Russo- professional golfer
Sister cities
Fort Myers has twinning agreements with the following sister cities:
Santiago de los Caballeros (Dominican Republic)
References
- 1 2 "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- 1 2 "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ↑ http://www.swflvisitor.com/attractions.php
- ↑ "The History of Downtown Fort Myers". Downtown Fort Myers. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
- ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 129.
- 1 2 3 http://www.fortmyers-online.com/history.htm
- ↑ http://www.news-press.com/article/20120605/NEWS0110/306050003/Exclusive-History-uncovered-along-Fort-Myers-riverfront
- ↑ http://www.news-press.com/article/20090729/SS23/907290395/Influential-local-Capt-Manuel-Gonzalez
- ↑ https://fortmyers.org/live-in-fort-myers/history-of-fort-myers/
- ↑ https://fortmyers.org/live-in-fort-myers/history-of-fort-myers/
- ↑ http://www.myriverdistrict.com/p/about/212
- ↑ Photo
- ↑ Turner, Gregg M., "A Journey Into Florida Railroad History", University Press of Florida, Library of Congress card number 2007050375, ISBN 978-0-8130-3233-7, page 156.
- ↑ http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/10390
- ↑ https://fortmyers.org/live-in-fort-myers/history-of-fort-myers/
- ↑ https://fortmyers.org/live-in-fort-myers/history-of-fort-myers/
- ↑ https://fortmyers.org/live-in-fort-myers/history-of-fort-myers/
- ↑ http://www.myriverdistrict.com/p/about/212
- ↑ http://www.fortmyers-online.com/mcgregor-history.htm
- 1 2 3 "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-02-13.
- ↑ "Weather Variety - Annual Days With Thunderstorms". Weatherpages.com. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
- ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ↑ "Census Of Population And Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-09-19.
- 1 2 "American FactFinder2". Census.gov. Retrieved Nov 13, 2014.
- ↑ 2007 Scores. Dunbar is also Home to the First Ever Microsoft Certified High School in the world..
- ↑ America's Top Public High Schools | Newsweek Best High Schools | Newsweek.com
- ↑
- ↑ "NSU Campus info". Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
- ↑ "Rasmussen College- Ft. Myers campus". Retrieved 25 June 2010.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.rideleetran.com/routeSchedules.htm
- ↑
- ↑ Production Credits - Fort Myers & Sanibel
- ↑ Filmed in Fort Myers - Film Fort Myers
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Nobles, Charlie (November 27, 2001). "COLLEGES; Hurricanes' Buchanon Might Be the Best of the Best". The New York Times. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
- 1 2 Lawler, Jerry (2002). It's Good to be the King...Sometimes. World Wrestling Entertainment. ISBN 978-0-7434-5768-2.
- ↑ "'Bama's mountain of a nosetackle: 365-pound Terrence Cody". CNN. September 25, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
- ↑ "Casey Coleman Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ↑ "Pro Profiles - Bill Davey Pro Bodybuilding Profile". Bodybuilders.com. 1966-07-20. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ Peek into inner circle shows Noel Devine's no deviant, August 28, 2006
- ↑ Mark Aumann, NASCAR.COM (2006-05-17). "Ex-ballplayer Greenwell to make Truck debut - May 17, 2006". Nascar.Com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Mario Henderson". Nfl.com. 1984-10-29. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Nolan Henke - Golf - CBSSports.com PGA". Cbssports.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ Hildebrand Hired as First Diving Coach at Florida Gulf Coast, August 31, 2006
- ↑ "Smesko announces signings of transfers » Naples Daily News". Naplesnews.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ Adam Johnson MLB RHP Stats & P4x4 Boggerpress Champion!
- ↑ "Terri Kimball - Terri Kimball Nude - Terri Kimball Pics". Playboy.com. 2009-01-27. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Derek Lamely". PGA Tour. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
- ↑ LPGA Tour profile for Terry-Jo Myers
- ↑ Wetzel, Dan. "Final curtain for the Kimbo show - UFC - Yahoo! Sports". Sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Warner Music Canada - Plies". Warnermusic.ca. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "ESPN.com: Where Sanders goes, teams win". Espn.go.com. 1967-08-09. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Peggy Schoolcraft IFBB Pro Bodybuilder". Bodybuilding.com. October 9, 2002. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ "2001 Ms. International results". Getbig.com. March 2, 2001. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ "Vonzell Solomon". American Idol. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ In-Spires
- ↑ Lisa Winston / MLB.com (2010-02-15). "Article | MiLB.com News | The Official Site of Minor League Baseball". Web.minorleaguebaseball.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ Jermy Ware Jeremy Ware NFL & AFL Football Statistics
- ↑ "Walt Wesley NBA & ABA Statistics". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Florida: Edison Pageant of Light (Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots - Library of Congress)". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Lee". Sao.cjis20.org. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ↑ "Singer Mindy McCready taken into custody". USA Today. July 26, 2007. Retrieved May 2, 2010.
External links
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