Free Cossacks

Free Cossacks
1st Congress of Free Cossacks (Chyhyryn, October 1917)
Active	1917 - 1918
Country	Ukraine
Allegiance	Ukraine
Branch	Free Cossacks
Type	Corps, territorial army
Role	infantry, law enforcement
Size	~3,000 (18 May 1917) 60,000 (at the 1st Congress of Free Cossacks)
Engagements	Ukrainian - Soviet War Yekaterinoslav Uprising Arsenal January Uprising
Commanders
Notable commanders	Semen Hryzlo

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History
Registered Cossacks Kosiński Uprising Nalyvaiko Uprising Khmelnytsky Uprising Hadiach Treaty Hetmanate Colonisation of Siberia Bulavin Rebellion Pugachev's Rebellion Decossackization
Cossacks
Petro Doroshenko Bohdan Khmelnytsky Petro Sahaidachny Ivan Mazepa Yemelyan Pugachev Stepan Razin Ivan Sirko Andrei Shkuro Pavlo Skoropadskyi Yermak Timofeyevich Ivan Vyhovsky
Cossack terms
Ataman Chupryna Hetman Kontusz Papakhi Plastun Yesaul Stanitsa Shashka Szabla

Nykodym Smoktiy (left) and Semen Hryzlo (right)

Free Cossacks (Ukrainian: Вільне козацтво) were the Ukrainian association volunteer militia units that arose somewhat spontaneously in the spring of 1917. The Free Cossacks were precursors of the Ukrainian national law enforcement organizations such as the National Guard of Ukraine or the Internal Troops of Ukraine.

The primary purpose of those militia formations was to provide security and civil order for the local population. The consolidation process of various smaller units started sometime in April near the town of Zvenyhorodka, Kiev Governorate during the local assembly of the Free Cossacks which created the Zvenyhorodka Kosh (battalion). The assembly elected Semen Hryzlo the Kosh Otaman, who became the otaman of Kalnyboloto Kurin (company). Under this title, he was delegated to the 2nd All-Ukrainian Military Congress in Kiev in June 1917.

Hryzlo was also one of the organizers of the 1st All-Ukrainian Congress of the Free Cossacks that took place on October 3, 1917 in the former Cossack capital of Chyhyryn. The congress elected the Hetman of All Ukraine, who became General Pavlo Skoropadskyi. Hryzlo was elected as the General Yesaul.

The Free Cossacks units distinguished themselves during the Ukrainian-Soviet War (particularly from December 1917 to April 1918) and were disbanded around May and June 1918. In January-April of 1918 the Ukrainian government tried to create the Free Registered Cossack Troops for county security, but after the April coup-d'etat led by Pavlo Skoropadsky all Free Cossacks formations were officially dissolved.

Further reading

• Kozub, I. An age and a destiny: memoirs. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, TAKSON Publishing House. Kyiv-Toronto-Edmonton, 1996. ISBN 1895571170

External links

• Free Cossacks at the Encyclopedia of Ukraine