Frank X. Graves, Jr.

Frank Xavier Graves, Jr. (November 4, 1923 – March 4, 1990) was an American Democratic Party politician who is best known for serving two separate terms as Mayor of Paterson, New Jersey.^[1] He also served on the Paterson City Council, the Passaic County Board of Chosen Freeholders and in the New Jersey State Senate in his long career.

Early days

Graves was born in Paterson and lived there for most of his life. His father, Frank Sr., worked as a reporter for the Paterson Evening News and also ran a successful vending machine company.^[2] Following his graduation from high school he enrolled at the University of Virginia, but left shortly thereafter to enlist in World War II. He served in a tank unit in Europe until he was wounded. While convalescing from shrapnel wounds Graves met his wife, Ethel, and married her when they returned to the United States.^[2]

Early political career

When Frank and Ethel Graves returned from the war, he enrolled in Paterson State College and ran for the Paterson Board of Aldermen when he graduated. In 1955, Graves was elected to a seat on the Freeholder Board for Passaic County and served for five years.^[2]

In 1961, Graves won his first term as Mayor of Paterson, New Jersey. He was elected to two three-year terms, which was Paterson's limit at the time, and left office in 1966. He also served as a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention that nominated Lyndon Johnson and Hubert H. Humphrey for President and Vice President.

Return to office

After several years, Graves returned to elective office and was elected to the City Council. He served as its president from 1974 to 1978. During this time Graves ran for and won election to the State Senate from the 35th Legislative district, taking office in January 1978. He was reelected in 1981, 1983, and 1987.

Four months after taking office for his second term as a state Senator Graves decided to run for mayor of Paterson for a third time. He won the May 1982 election for a four-year term, as the Paterson election rules had changed since he had served last (terms were now four years and mayors were no longer term-limited), and was reelected in 1986.

Methods

During his time in office Graves was known as a law-and-order and hands-on mayor who was never afraid to take action when something needed to be done in Paterson or in the state legislature. He often accompanied the police on its rounds, leading raids, and would always carry a series of two-way radios and telephones with him as he went about his day. Graves was noted for driving through every Paterson neighborhood seven days a week inspecting the areas and calling the proper authorities when he saw something that he determined to be wrong (litter, graffiti, etc.).^[2] He also often pursued people for owing taxes to the city, going as far as to call the property owners himself and threatening to arrest those who didn't pay. In 1966 he ordered the arrest of poet Allen Ginsberg, a Paterson native, after he said at a reading that he had smoked marijuana at Paterson's Great Falls.^[3]

While serving in the Senate Graves pushed for stiff penalties for criminal offenses, and in 1981 wrote a law concerning gun-related offenses. The Graves Act, as it was called, mandated a minimum three-year sentence for anyone who used a firearm in commission of a crime. (A recent expansion of the law, which was also made a part of 2008 anti-gang legislation, specifies that a three- to five-year sentence is prescribed for these offenses).

Death

As 1990 began Graves was making plans to run for a third consecutive term as mayor of Paterson, as the city election laws had been changed to remove the two-term limit that had been in place when he was first serving Paterson in the 1960s. However, on March 4, 1990, Graves died after suffering a massive heart attack while at his home in Paterson's Lakeview section^[2] and doctors at nearby St. Joseph's Hospital were unable to revive him. He was buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Totowa, New Jersey.

At the time of his death, Graves' District 35 colleagues in the General Assembly were Assemblymen John Girgenti and Bill Pascrell. Shortly after Graves' death the district's Democrats chose Girgenti, a six-term Assemblyman, to replace him in the State Senate; Girgenti was approved on April 5, 1990 and served until 2012. In May 1990, Pascrell won election as Mayor of Paterson while continuing to sit in the Assembly and served until January 3, 1997, when he was sworn in as a United States Representative in New Jersey's 8th district.

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