Frank Elgee

Frank Watson Elgee (8 November 1880 - Ormesby, Yorkshire - 7 August 1944 - Alton, Hampshire, England) was a published archaeologist, geologist and naturalist who wrote several books on the North York Moors such as The Moorlands of North-Eastern Yorkshire (1912),^[1][2] The Romans in Cleveland (1923) and Early Man in North East Yorkshire (1930). In 1933 Leeds University conferred on him an Honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy.^[3]

North York Moors - geograph.org.uk - 659785

Photos of Frank Elgee and wife, Harriett Wragg Elgee.^[4][5]

Early life and career

He was born in Kings Road, North Ormesby the eldest of four children - Frank Watson (1880), Allan (1883), Edward (1885) and Amy Maria (1887-1942).

West Bank of the Lower Lake, Albert Park - geograph.org.uk - 609324

His father, Thomas (1851-1939) was Clerk and Bookkeeper at the local Pig iron works. His mother, Jane née Coates (1851-1907), was in poor health but dealt with his early education and he attended the local Public Elementary School in North Ormesby. In 1887 he went to Derwent Street Board School^[6][7] and then in 1893 'The Higher Grade School' that had just opened, later known as 'The Hugh Bell [Higher Grade] School' with his brother Allan,^[8] on the corner of Albert Road and Grange Road in Middlesbrough.

In May 1888 he caught Scarlet Fever, the results of which disabled him for the rest of his life. He was rendered short sighted and suffered partial deafness.

In 1892 his family moved to Middlesbrough and it was Albert Park, Middlesbrough^[9] that became his source of interest and his playground. It was here that he contracted pneumonia that rendered him very weak with empyema. For many years he had to use a bath chair. In 1895 he worked at William Jacks & Co, Iron Merchants. This was after a further period of ill health when he was unable to take examinations. In April 1897 he had to leave to have a serious chest operation at North Riding Infirmary.^[10] He remained for only a short period and being very weak he was carried by his father so he could die at home. His will to live was very strong and he was taken to recuperate at Ingleby Greenhow at the foot of Urra Moor on which lies the highest point of the North York Moors. It was here he took in the sights of the North Eastern moorland and the blue escarpments, the plant life, insects, birds and observed the Cleveland Hills from his wheelchair.

It was the local Vicar of Ingleby Greenhow, The Reverend John Hawell^[11] a collector of specimens of natural history, Secretary of Middlesbrough 'Clevelands Natural Field Club' and later President of Cleveland Naturalists,^[12] that attracted him to the subject.

Boundary Stone, Urra Moor - geograph.org.uk - 11308

This led him to join the Cleveland Naturalist Field Club on his return to Middlesbrough. He became Honorary Assistant Secretary in 1899 and later President.^[13]

It was during the period he was not in work that he taught himself the languages Latin, French and German, and studied Botany, Geology, Conchology and Astrology. This three-month stay was a defining moment of his life and he resolved to investigate and understand the origins of the area that had increased and fired his curiosity. The areas near Eston Nab were close by and the main place for his future investigations. He received a prize from The Northern Weekly Gazette for the best contribution on entomology or astronomy. He used this towards bus and train fares or to pay for a night's lodging at a remote moorland farm. This allowed him to cover the whole of the northeast moorland.

Frank was able to investigate the moors in the summer and in the winter, and during bad weather he would read and write keeping a careful record of his travels and investigations, and maintain his diaries - he referred to this as 'dry work'. ^[14][15]

North York Moors and Dorman Museum

In 1904 Frank became Assistant Curator to the Dorman Museum and he held this post until 1923 when he became Curator.

Dorman Museum - geograph.org.uk - 764314

He then carried out carefully planned work that allowed him to cover greater distances across the 400 square miles of the moors. In 1905 he elaborated in a speech to the Yorkshire Naturalists Union^[16] an account of the 'Problems of the Fauna of North-east Yorkshire'.

By 1907 he started writing and compiling information for his first book. After being unhappy about the outcome, he altered and rewrote the composition in 1910, revised again both in the winter of 1911 and again the following year. His book, The Moorlands of North-East Yorkshire, a regional survey that was the first published in the area.

The Yorkshire Post commented on Elgee's work 'The Moorlands of North East Yorkshire': 'Elgee may by his several studies historic and natural historical be conceded rights of pre-eminent domain over the moorlands of North Eastern Yorkshire, and he has added to his rights by this substantial and handsome book.'

In 1907 he read to the Cleveland Naturalist Field Club about The Origins of Cleveland Moors 'The Fauna of Cleveland Past and Present'. He also had published in 'The Naturalist' his findings and views on 'The Driftless Area of North-eastern Yorkshire and its Relationship to the Distribution of certain plants and animals, and Glacial Survivals'^[17]

The Blue Man-i'-th'-Moss stands on Wheeldale Moor^[18] and the name came from the Celtic word, Maen, meaning a 'standing stone'. Frank Elgee did consider that the Blue element of the stone’s name came from the Cornish Plu which means 'parish as the Blue Man' acting as a boundary stone for the parish. The Moss part of the name is because the area can be extremely boggy.^[19] Frank Elgee at The High Bridlestones.^[20][21]

Former Village Shop, Commondale - geograph.org.uk - 510639

Wade's Causeway

He lived from 1920 to 1931 with his wife Harriett née Wragg (1881 - 1972) - they met in Danby in August 1911 whilst on holiday and married in July 1914 in Middlesbrough - in the small village of Commondale on the North York Moors along the road between Kildale and Danby, North Yorkshire. He would travel to work on The Esk Valley Line. ^[22] Frank Elgee became Curator of the Dorman Museum, Middlesbrough, in 1923, having been Assistant Curator since 1904. At this point he had turned his attentions mainly to Archaeology. In 1923 he published a handbook called 'The Romans in Cleveland' compiling a catalogue of the antiquities of North East Yorkshire. He published two books, the first in 1930 'Early Man in North East Yorkshire', and together with his wife Harriett, wrote 'Archaeology of Yorkshire'.

He was instrumental in the excavation of the Iron Age hillfort at Eston Nab. Frank Elgee as curator of the Dorman Museum, in 1927, uncovered parts of an earthenware cremation urn, together with burnt bone and flint. These possibly dated from 1800 BC.^[23] He discovered The Sleddale Stone Circle, Wayworth Moor,^[24] Cleveland. This is 30 yards in diameter and contains 16 stones each about 3 feet high, of which only six remained standing.^[25][26]

In 1929 Elgee reported on excavations at Eston Camp. These were carried out by subscriptions from members of the Cleveland Naturalists' Field Club. Seven weeks work through up information on the age and form of construction. Trenches revealed stone rubbers, quartzite Hammer-Stones, burn't sandstones, flint scrapers and chips. Fragments of calcined human bones, lines of sandstone blocks, arrow head of black chert, three stone discs, reddish pottery, a stone chopper, pear shaped stones probably used in slings - all found on the south side of the higher central camp. A late Bronze Age was given for Eston pottery.^[27][28]

In 1933 Frank resigned as Curator due to ill health and his wife Harriett Wragg Elgee was appointed Curator, holding that position until 1938. Whenever possible he still played an active part in the development of the museum and led groups to the Orkneys and Holy Island. In 1937 he organised the excavation of the burial mound at Loose Howe but his failing health meant that the work was largely directed by his wife. In 1933 his work was recognised and he was awarded an Honorary PhD by Leeds University. He was elected an Honorary Member of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society in 1936. In 1938, Dr Frank Elgee and his wife Harriett moved to Alton, Hampshire, though he continued to communicate with his former local archaeologists right up until his death in 1944. His move because of deteriorating health was to be in a warmer climate.^[14]

He was also a keen student and recorder of the North Yorkshire dialect and wrote poetry in the local dialect. The 'pannierman' is a poem about bygone life on the North York Moors, and refers to Pannierman Causeway and Wade's Causeway.^[29] A member of the 'Yorkshire Dialect Society' he wrote the poem 'An Inheritor of the Earth'. ^[30]

The Dorman Museum has material including a library of archaeological journals and photographs taken by Frank Elgee during his excavations. Principally at the Bronze Age hill fort at Eston Nab and burial grounds at Loose Howe.^{[31][32][33] [34]} A dug-out canoe recovered from the River Tees at a depth of eight feet in 1926 is on view at the museum.^[35]

Books and poems

The Archaeology of Yorkshire - Frank Elgee, Harriet Wragg Elgee - F. & H.W., Methuen: London 1933.

North York Moors map en

Archaeology of Yorkshire (County History Reprints) by T. G. Manby, Frank Elgee and Harriet Wragg Elgee

The Moorlands of North-Eastern Yorkshire, their natural history and origin - Frank Elgee, F.G.S. - A. Brown & Sons, London, 1912 ^[1][2]

Early Man in North-east Yorkshire - Frank Elgee - John Bellows: Gloucester 1930.

The Man of the Moors - Frank Elgee edited by Harriet Wragg Elgee

A Man of the Moors. Extracts From the Diaries and Letters of Frank Elgee(1st Edition)(1991)

The Romans in Cleveland - Frank Elgee, 1923

Official Guide. Edited - by Frank Elgee (1909)

The Fauna of Cleveland past and present by Frank Elgee (1909)

Scarth Wood Moor, Yorkshire, N. R. ... With maps and illustrations, etc. by Frank Elgee (1936)

Scarth Wood Moor - geograph.org.uk - 5544

The Antiquarian Journal - Frank Elgee

Yorkshire : The Country Archaeologies - by Frank Elgee and Harriett Wragg Elgee

Bronze Age Burial in a Boat Shaped Coffin - by Frank Elgee and Harriett Wragg Elgee

The Collected Papers of Frank Elgee - Appleyard (1909) ^[36]

The 'Pannier Man', Ah can't mak nowt o' Life, Parting - Poems by Frank Elgee

View from Pannierman's Causeway above Rosedale Intake - geograph.org.uk - 82129

Letters written in war time: XV-XIX centuries (The World's classics) by Harriet Wragg Elgee (1915)

Poems from Black-a-more, inc Childless and Inasmuch, by Harriett Wragg Elgee

Death, memorials and lasting legacy

Dr Frank Elgee died in 1944 at Alton, Hampshire; he was 63 years old. He was succeeded by his wife Harriet who worked with him and helped him as his health faded. She had hoped he could be brought back to be buried on his beloved moors but was laid to rest on a hill in Alton Cemetery.^[13][37]

The Frank Elgee memorial was erected in 1953 at Blakey Ridge on the North York Moors, overlooking Loose Howe at Rosedale Head, Rosedale, North Yorkshire. The commemorative memorial stone to Frank Elgee, carved by Danby Mason, Mr F Weatherall, is positioned near 'Ralph's Cross' on the highest point of the Moorland Road from Castleton to Hutton-Lee-Hole, over Blakey Ridge.^[38][39]

Elgee Memorial Lectures are held at The Dorman Museum every year.^[40]

The Dorman Museum, opened in 1904, also has a green plaque dedicated to Frank Elgee the curator between 1923 and 1932 ^[41][42]

References

External links

• http://www.dormanmuseum.co.uk/documents/FRANKELGEE.pdf
• http://www.hidden-teesside.co.uk/2013/07/25/frank-elgee-memorial-blakey-ridge/
• http://www.teesmuseums.com/middlesbrough.htm
• http://barlow.me.uk/clevelandnats/1948_First_Portfolio.pdf
• http://www.middlesbrough.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=9419
• Full text of "The moorlands of north-eastern Yorkshire : their natural history and origin"

https://archive.org/stream/moorlandsofnorth00elge/moorlandsofnorth00elge_djvu.txt