Fourth-wave of feminism

The fourth-wave of feminism is a recent development within the feminist movement. Jennifer Baumgardner identifies fourth-wave feminism as starting in 2008 and continuing into the present day.[1] Kira Cochrane, editor of All the Rebel Women, defines fourth wave feminism as a movement that is connected through technology.[2] Researcher, Diana Diamond, defines fourth wave feminism as a movement that "combines politics, psychology, and spirituality in an overarching vision of change."[3]

Fourth wave feminism is often associated with online feminism, especially using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Tumblr, and other forms of social media to discuss, uplift, and activate gender equality and social justice.[4] The internet has created a ‘call-out’ culture, in which sexism or misogyny can be ‘called out’ and challenged.[5] This culture is indicative of the continuing influence of the third wave, with its focus on micropolitics and challenging sexism and misogyny insofar as they appear in everyday rhetoric, advertising, film, television and literature, the media, and so on.[6] This online feminism aspect of the fourth wave has impacted how companies market to women so that they are not "called out" for sexism in their marketing strategies.[7]

Besides online feminism, the fourth-wave has been associated with the increased focus on intersectionality, including the repudiation of trans-exclusionary radical feminism and a focus on solidarity with other social justice movements.[6]

Other aspects of fourth wave feminism include individuals who are uncomfortable with the word "feminism" itself, due to the "assumptions of a gender binary and exclusionary subtext: 'for women only,'" writes Martha Rampton, director of the Center for Gender Equality at Pacific University.[8]

The Fourth Wave Feminist Summit at Yale

Logo of the Fourth Wave Feminist Summit at Yale, 2015

The Fourth Wave Feminist Summit was a conference of feminist organizations from colleges across Northeast including Middlebury, Barnard, Quinnipiac, UPenn, Bates, and Cornell. In this three day conference organized by The Women's Center at Yale University, college representatives shared their strategies on activism and discussed ways to improve solidarity across campus movements. As the keynote speaker, Reina Gosset spoke about activism for trans and gender non-conforming people, prison reform, overlapping systems of oppression and the relationship between personal and political.

References

  1. ↑ Baumgardner, Jennifer (2011). "Is There a Fourth Wave? Does It Matter?". Feminist.com. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  2. ↑ Cochrane, Katie (10 December 2013). "The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Meet the Rebel Women". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
  3. ↑ Ph.D, Diana Diamond (2009-10-16). "The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Psychoanalytic Perspectives". Studies in Gender and Sexuality 10 (4): 213–223. doi:10.1080/15240650903228187. ISSN 1524-0657.
  4. ↑ "#FEMFUTURE: ONLINE REVOLUTION" (PDF).
  5. ↑ Zerbisias, Antonia (16 September 2015). "Feminism's Fourth Wave is the Shitlist". NOW. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Feminism: A fourth wave? | The Political Studies Association (PSA)". www.psa.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-11-08.
  7. ↑ Hamilton, Alex (28 October 2015). "How to Package Brands for the Fourth Wave of Feminism". Packaging News. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  8. ↑ Rampton, Martha (25 October 2015). "The Three Waves of Feminism: Now a Fourth?". Pacific University Oregon. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
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