Forrest classification

Forrest classification is a classification of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage used for purposes of comparison and in selecting patients for endoscopic treatment.[1]

Forrest classification

Endoscopy image of a duodenal ulcer in the posterior part of the duodenal bulb without stigmata of recent hemorrhage. This would be a Forrest III lesion

Acute hemorrhage

Signs of recent hemorrhage

Lesions without active bleeding

Application of Forrest Classification

Forrest classification is instrumental when stratifying patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage into high and low risk categories for mortality. It is also a significant method of prediction of the risk of rebleeding and very often is used for evaluation of the endoscopic intervention modalities.[3] A prospective controlled study carried out by Dr. Walter Heldwein, J. Schreiner, José Pedrazzoli Júnior, P.Lehnhert at Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München revealed that "Forrest criteria are essential for proper planning of endoscopic therapy and urgent surgery in bleeding peptic ulcers".[4]

History

The classification was first published by J.A. Forrest et al. in the Lancet in 1974. [5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://books.google.com/books?id=e0FDyiGTwM8C&pg=PA151&dq=Forrest+hemorrhage&ei=fwSgSPTjOoiQjgHk3rj7BA&sig=ACfU3U35XabLLmD_cag2vP4Uz-WPmUk1bA
  2. ↑ http://www.endoskopischer-atlas.de/m06ae.htm
  3. ↑ Hadzibulic, Edvin; Svjetlana Govedarica. "SIGNIFICANCE OF FORREST CLASSIFICATION, ROCKALL’S AND BLATCHFORD’S RISK SCORING SYSTEM IN PREDICTION OF REBLEEDING IN PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2013. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
  4. ↑ Heldwein W; Schreiner J; Pedrazzoli J; Lehnert P (Nov 21, 1989). "Is the Forrest classification a useful tool for planning endoscopic therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers?". Endoscopy 21 (6): 258–62. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1010729. PMID 2693077.
  5. ↑ Forrest, JA.; Finlayson, ND.; Shearman, DJ. (Aug 1974). "Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding.". Lancet 2 (7877): 394–7. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91770-x. PMID 4136718.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, January 24, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.