Formula Off Road

For the American racing series, see Speed Energy Formula Off-Road.

Formula Off Road is a form of off-road racing 4x4 motorsport. It started in Iceland and has gained popularity in the Nordic countries.

Formula Off Road driving on water

Formula Off Road truck driving up a slope

Formula Off Road is a form of motorsport where drivers compete in precision driving through steep hills and extreme terrain with 4WD vehicles.^[1]

How it started

Formula Off Road was invented in Iceland. In the hopes of bringing in more money for Icelandic rescue teams, the teams started to show their 4WD cars in action in the Icelandic hills. It soon became more of a competition between the teams, and soon the teams were building specially made vehicles for just this purpose.

Classes

There are currently two competing classes in Formula Off Road.

Modified Class - the shape of the body must resemble a mass-produced vehicle. Bonnet, side body panels, and front and rear fenders must be installed and resemble the original vehicle.
Unlimited Class - the major league class

The difference between the classes is mainly in the tyres. Unlimited Class 4x4s are allowed to use paddle tyres which dig into the earth between hops and short flights.

The two classes compete on similar tracks. For both classes the length of body must at least cover the wheelbase of the vehicle.

Location

Formula Off Road takes place in closed areas with no road traffic. Rock mines, for example, which are usually just outside towns, are often used because they offer the right kind of terrain. Mostly the surface is driven just as it is but occasionally it is modified slightly for spectator experience. The tracks themselves are makeshift, marked by old tires, flags or sticks. On the day of the event the course marshal takes the drivers through the tracks on foot and explains how they are laid out and how they are supposed to be driven.

Competitors

Each driver has a small team of assistants. They help out by preparing the 4x4 and making repairs as needed during competition. The truck needs to be large enough to carry the driver. They also need a "mobile garage", welding shop and spare parts to make the repairs during competition.

Risks

As spectacular as Formula Off Road appears, there have been very few serious accidents. The drivers are protected by a roll cage, a full-face helmet with neck support, five-point harnesses, a homologated bucket seat, flame resistant overalls, shoes and gloves, special arm restrainers and other safety measures that are required by the rules.

Spectators can sometimes be pelted with sand, earth or small stones kicked up by the huge shovels attached to the rear tyres.

Points

Points are given in a similar way to other types of motorsport. 20 points for the winner, 15 for second place, 12 for third and less for every subsequent place. There is often also a special award given for the most spectacular driving in each class. There is not a lot of money in the sport and the winner only gets a medal and a cup, as well as the honour of being the champion. Keeping a Formula Off Road truck competition ready for a whole season is an expensive project.

Formula Off Road rules

Formula Off Road is a real test in off-road driving on closed tracks. Each competition is held in accordance with the FIA International Sporting Code (ISC) and has six to eight tracks. On each track a driver can earn up to 350 points depending on how far they go or if they get any points deducted for faults. Each driver has to go as far as they can and gets no help from the team during the attempt. Stopping incurs a penalty of 10 points. Backing up is allowed but incurs a 40-point penalty. Touching a marker is 20 penalty points. Driving over a marker is 50 points or 100 if only one wheel is still on the course. Faults at the final gate incur only half as many points. Timed courses give points according to time. First place = 350 points. Other drivers are deducted 1 point for every 1/10 th of a second slower than the fastest time. The highest total number of points wins.

Vehicles

The Formula Off Road style 4x4 is highly modified. A typical example usually has the following modifications:

Locked front and rear differentials as well as the centre transfer case. When one tyre is turning they all are.
Gear ratios are lowered and usually have slightly higher ratios up front. This makes the front wheels turn a little faster and makes the vehicle easier to steer in the extreme situations.
Engines are eight-cylinder petrol engines. A nitrous system gives an extra couple of hundred bhp when the pedal is floored.
An automatic transmission with a torque converter with a stall speed of about 5,000rpm. Driveline kicks in around 5,000rpm.
Sand drag tyres for maximum traction. The Unlimited Class allows the use of paddle tyres that are built on racing slicks with the paddles welded on. The Modified Street Class uses die-cast sand drag tyres with slightly smaller shovels.
Suspension is made to accommodate fast changing surfaces. The older trucks have coil springs while newer trucks have air springs that are easier to adjust according to each track. A new type of suspension is also being tested by at least one contestant. It’s similar to your typical motorcycle, where the shock absorber and the suspension arm is built into a single unit.
A specially built roll cage is required for all vehicles.
Steering is hydraulic and not allowed on the street.

References

↑ "Formula Off Road Regulations 2012" (PDF). FIA NEZ.

External links

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