Forcade

Forcade (de), also written Fourcade (de), Forcada (de), Forquade (de), Forquada (de), Forcade (de la), Fourcade (de la), Laforcade (de) and Lafourcade (de) belongs to the nobility of Guyenne[1] and Gascony,[2] in France, and of the Kingdom of Prussia. The family traces its roots to the Kingdom of Navarre, present day French Basque Country.

History

Forcade, in the Béarnais language, means "oakwood" in English (French: bois de chêne.)[3]

The noble house of "de Forcade" and "de Laforcade", from the town of Orthez, in Béarn, is one of the oldest families of the province, with one of its members in the 12th century, figuring among those Lords of Béarn possessing fiefs and giving tithes to the church in Orthez.[4] It always held rank at the Order of nobility of the States of Béarn,[4] as evidenced in a 1656 judgment by the Court of Aids of Guyenne[4] in Libourne. They served the Counts of Foix and Viscounts of Béarn during the English Wars;[4] participated in the oversight of proofs and reviews of nobility during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries,[4] and continued into the 19th century providing France with governors, judges and distinguished military officers, many of whom were killed on the battlefield in the service of their country.[4]

The family's nobility was reconfirmed in various judgments by the Intendants responsible for the royal administration of Béarn,[4] by judgments of the Court of Aids (the Court of Appeals) of Guyenne[4] and the French Conseil d'Etat.[4] It was summoned to the General Assemblies of Nobility of Agen, Bazas and Condom;[4] it is inscribed in the roles of the Knights of Malta,[4] the Order of Saint Louis,[4] the Knights of the Order of the Black Eagle, the Knights of the Kingdom of Prussia's Order of Pour le Mérite, the Knights of the Iron Cross 2nd Class, the Knights of the Cross of the Royal Prussian Order of St. John Bailiwick of Brandenburg, and the Legion of Honor.[4] Among the family's most notable representatives are a French Senator and government minister,[4] two of the more famous 17th century Prussian Lieutenant Generals, and a German Supreme Court Judge and Member of Parliament in the German Reichstag.

Over the centuries, family branches and property holdings multiplied and expanded. Descendants of these noble branches could be found in Agen[5] (Gascony), Armagnac (Gascony), the Bazadais[5] region, Béarn (Guyenne), Bordeaux (Guyenne/Gascony), Condom[5] (Gascony) and the Lannes[5] aka the Landes. This article focuses on the most notable of these branches, which are all interconnected, and which all trace their shared roots to the Forcade family in 15th century Orthez. They are:

At different times throughout the family history, other variations within these branches, in particular those based on short-term property holdings, can be found, but are not necessarily recorded in this article.

There is much written about the family in the manuscripts of Charles-René d'Hozier[2] (1640-1732) and Bernard Chérin[1] (1718–85). Gabriel O'Gilvy provided an early detailed genealogy in Volume III of his Nobiliaire de Guienne et de Gascogne published in 1860, but this work also contains serious errors.[1] Contemporary authors have also contributed incorrect and unsourced information, in addition to their own subjective misinterpretations of older published information, about the family. Among the incorrect, misinterpreted and unsourced information published are statements that the Forcade family of Orthez is estinguished, and that the main branches discussed in this article do not all originate from the same family in Orthez. These claims and opinions are not supported with factual data or source citations.

12th Century

14th Century

In 1373, Gaston Phoebus ordered the creation of a Reculhide of Vielleségure, in the Canton of Lagor, that listed 143 houses and the heads of families in the neighboring villages, who were taxed for their responsibility to maintain a small enclosure (le clauson). Family members listed were:

A 1382 notarial act by the notaire Pierre de Lafargue from Pardies near Monein mentions Berdot de Forcade from Abidos in respect to a bilateral cease fire signed between him and Arnaut deu Barber from Lagor.[9]

The Census of 1385 ordered by Gaston Phoebus, lists several branches of the family in various locations. From the Canton of Lagor in the Valley of the Laa, at the time the Bailiwick of Larbaig these included:

In other cantons of the same census can also be seen:

15th Century

Notable family members were:

In 1437, a piece of land located in lo territori Forcade deu Casteg Pardies[12] (the Forcade territory of Pardies castle), bordering on Monein to the north, was sold. At this same time, the Aldermen, or Jurats, are so-called Laforcade. As late as 1481, all inhabitants of Pardies are referred to as either from Casteg de Pardies" or Laforcade de Pardies.[13]

16th Century

O'Gilvy put forth that the the father of Noble Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Saint-Genest and Étienne I. de Forcade, both born during the last quarter of the 16th century, was a Noble Jean II. de Forcade, Squire, the son of Gaston de Forcade,[15] who would have been born before 1525-30. Chaix d'Est-Ange and other authors, however, cast serious doubts on this claim, mainly because O'Gilvy did not submit and proof of this claim and later claims that this is Noble Jean de Forcade is documented in a limited number of notarial acts in the first half of the 17th century with the simple qualifications of merchant, farmer[1] and inhabitant of the parish of Saint-Martin de Monclaris in the diocese of Bazas.[1] This Jean de Forcade obtained letters from the Bishop of Bazas on 20 June 1639[1] authorizing him burial rights in the Roman Catholic parish church itself,[1] in the commune of Sigalens. Assuming he died shortly thereafter, he would have been more than 110 years old. Chaix d'Est-Ange felt that one or more generations were potentially missing. The tenuous links between the two generations, the absence of any citations of proof, the advanced age and the geographical distance between Sigalens and makes these claims uncertain.

From the information O'Gilvy and others provide there are some facts that are certain. Certain is, that a Noble Jean de Forcade, was stripped at an unknown date before 1651 of his nobility by the King for the dérogeance of acquiring some farms in the Pays de Marsan, in present-day Landes. This Jean de Forcade had at least two children from his marriage with an unknown spouse: Noble Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Saint-Genest and Étienne I. de Forcade, both born during the last quarter of the 16th century, who, in July 1651,[15] received letters of relief from King Louis XIV of France[15] that reestablished them in their ancient nobility and "...forgave them of the dérogeance committed by their father…".[15]

Notable family members were:

and

Whether the two preceding Jean de Forcades are separate individuals, or one and the same person, is a matter of speculation, however, the facts tend to indicate that they are one and the same person. All noble, all named Jean de Forcade, all born about the middle of the 16th century, all living in the same geographic area, and two of the three holding senior posts of responsibility as a lawyer or on missions requiring a legal background for the government of the Kingdom of Navarre.

The facts suggest that one of these two, or both, individuals are, in fact, the noble, named Jean de Forcade, the father of Noble Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Saint-Genest and Étienne I. de Forcade

Other mentions of Forcade in 15th century records:

          « Item mes, testa, ordena et dixo que constituere et lexaba per soos tes-
          tementers et ordeners et complidors de quest son testament et primo lo
          percurayre de la animes de nostre Daune d'Oloron, mossen Alarthoo Aves-
          que, de Salhent, mossen Ramon de Badie, de Beost, Arnaut de Forcade, son
          fray, mossen Dersizaas, mossen Bernat de Forcade, rector de Gabas,
          Arnaut deu Pcberer, Jacmes de Domec, aus quoaus pregue et lexa pregatz,
          per honor de Diu, que los plassie de prener lo carcq dequest présent son
          testament et de ly far complir, ausquoaus balha et lexa poder et facultat de
          crexer o amiemar so qui boo et vist los sera ; ...[17]

In English: "...Mister Ramon de Badie, from Béost, Arnaut de Forcade, his brother, ... Mister Bernard de Forcade, rector of Gabas..." In the absence of further proof, experts are divided as to whether "…his brother…" is Ramon de Badie (Raymond d'Abbadie), the preceding name, or Jean de Salabert, seigneur d'Espalungue, the subject and author of the testament.

17th Century

Notable family members were:

Other family members mentioned in 17th century records:

Decisions and rulings affecting the family's nobility:

The first great search for usurpers of noble titles (1666):

During the first grande recherche des usurpateurs des titres de noblesse, all members of the de Forcade family were summoned to prove their noble family lines. Among them:

The second great search for usurpers of noble titles (1696):

During the second grande recherche des usurpateurs des titres de noblesse, certain members of the de Forcade family were again summoned to prove their noble family lines. These included:

18th Century

On 25 December 1759, Étienne de Forcade, seigneur de Caubeyran, Squire, submitted documentation of the various noble titles he held in the jurisdiction of Galapian in Agen to the Court of Aids of Guyenne in Bordeaux.

Decisions and rulings affecting the family's nobility:

In 1785, Étienne II. de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère applied for letters patent[53] to King Louis XVI of France to be maintained in his nobility, citing the July 1651 letters patent obtained by Étienne I. de Forcade. The King's genealogist in charge of the application, Berthier, sent the request to the Count of Vergennes with the following opinion:

          "...The judgment by Mr. Pellot against Mathieu de Forcade produced
          two effects… the first being that he can only be judged by the King
          himself, and the other being to deprive his descendants of the
          benefit of the declaration of 16 January 1714, which limits to 100 years
          the proofs of nobility, when it [i.e. the period of past nobility] was
          peaceful and without trouble. It follows that Monsieur de Forcade can
          invoke in his favor neither the 1714 declaration nor the judgments of
          Messieurs Dupuy and de Bezons of 29 July 1666 and 5 August 1697.
          There remains no other way for him succeed in his application than to
          trace his noble lineage to the time when his great-grandfathers would
          have carried noble titles, that is to say to the year 1560, and one does
          not see that he could promise success…It seems to be justice to
          observe that since 153 years its authors assumed noble qualifications,
          formed alliances either noble or notable, owned noble properties and
          enjoyed in their lands the consideration normally only accorded to
          those whose nobility is certain, and finally that his branch includes nine
          officers, of which one who died from wounds received in service. If
          these facts seem to the King to be points of consideration and could
          dispose His Majesty to treat Monsieur de Forcade indulgently…, it
          would suffice that His Majesty order the execution of the letters patent
          and the judgment ordering their registration, without regard to Monsieur
          Pellot's judgment and the dispensation of proof."
[53]

That same year, Étienne obtained the letters patent he applied for, and he successfully passed further tests of nobility in order to obtain admission for two of his sons, René-Étienne and Jean-Gaston, to the Military Academy.[53]

21st Century

With the vast record collections of archives in France increasingly digitized and available for searching with text search tools, more and more records related to the family can be found.

From these records, it can be seen that not all noble family lines trace to Jean de Forcade in Orthez. Instead, some point to noble family lines in Pon and Monein, the location of Château Forcade, and the residence of Arnaud de Forcade, in the same period at the end of the 15th century.

The Forcades of Orthez

17th century branches of the Forcades of Orthez included Forcade d'Aragnon,[54] Forcade de Baure,[55] Forcade de Chantine,[56] Forcade de Domecq de Dognen and Forcade de Herrère.

All noble branches of the Forcade family in this article claim a common descendance from the Forcade families of Orthez, where the family is recorded as early as the 12th century.

Whereas O'Gilvy makes the incorrect, or at least unsourced, claim that the first of the three preceding branches descend from a Noble Odet de Forcade,[51] both he and Chaix d'Est-Ange allege, without citing sources, that the latter two branches descend from Noble Gaston de Forcade.[1][14] All three branches, in fact, share one common ancestor, Jean de Lafourcade, seigneur de La Fitte, born in the first quarter of the 16th century.

Chronology:

The Seigneur de Forcade, Seigneur de Baylens and Seigneur de Cando were three Béarnais Lords, who, circa 1170, gave the tithes of the parish of Castétarbe, in Orthez, to Guillaume-Bertrand, Bishop of Dax, son of Bertrand, Viscount de Labour and brother of Viscounts Pierre and Arnaud.[4]

Circa 1371-76, Sansue de Forcade, bourgeois from Orthez, puts himself at the mercy of Gaston III, Count of Foix for the murder of Bidon de Baulat.[8]

The Census of 1385 ordered by Gaston Phoebus, lists family members in locations where they can still be found 300 years later. From those that are in Orthez or its immediate vicinity:

  1. Noble Jean de Forcade[5] aka Jean I. de Forcade, Squire,[5] First Jurat[5] of Orthez, born about 1440 in Orthez, under the reign of Charles VII[5] and married under the reign of Louis XI[5] with Radegonde d'Ezpeleta.[1]
    1. François de Forcade.[14] Nothing is known.
    2. Gaston de Forcade,[14] born before 1480 in Orthez, married Guionne de Couso[14] aka Guionne de Cousseau[1] before 21 July 1505.[15][14] At least one son born from this marriage, Jean II. de Forcade, who carried on the family's descendance.[14]
      1. Jean II. de Forcade.[14] Most of the difficulty for all of the various family branches, as highlighted by authors of books on the topic of noble genealogies, results from this person, who, would have been born between 1500–25, but by some accounts was still alive in 1639. Facts resulting from 21st century research indicate that this is not one person, but instead two, a father and son with the same name.
    3. Arnaud de Forcade,[14] probably Gaston's younger brother, is mentioned in Monenh (Monein), where, in 1496, he already owned properties in Monein and Pau.[16]
    4. Raymond de Forcade,[14] the youngest son of Jean I. de Forcade, may have assumed the name Ramon de Badie (perhaps d'Abbadie), cited in the 11 December 1520 testament of Jean de Salabert[17] aka Johanet de Poey, whose daughter Miramonde de Salabert married Guilhem de Forcade, from Pon near Laruns.

Under Louis XII (1462-1515), the family of Noble Jean I. de Forcade was among the most important families of Orthez,[5] because he possessed fiefs in Béarn[5] and Bordeaux,[5] including the Catsies (de Gassies) Tower,[5] constructed on the fortress walls of Bordeaux. In his testament dated 21 July 1505[1] he established his four male children, named in the following order, as his heirs: François, Gaston, Arnaud and Raymond. With regard to the distribution of his properties, he declared to have given, among other things, the Gassies Tower, to his second son, Gaston, already married to Guionne de Couso[14] aka Guionne de Cousseau[1] in 1505.[15]

By the second half of the 15th century, all Aquitaine above the Garonne except for Bordeaux was in Protestant hands. At that time, Orthez was the largest and most dynamic city of Béarn. It was a market town and served as the main funnel for products making their way to Bayonne for export. As such, it was quite wealthy. The Huguenots were therefore desirous of capturing this important and wealthy town.

By 15 August 1569, after a relentless siege, Gabriel de Montgomery had weakened Orthez greatly. The Battle of Orthez was fought during the French Wars of Religion, at Orthez on Wednesday 24 August 1569. Huguenot forces under the leadership of Gabriel de Montgomery defeated Royalist forces under General Terride in French Navarre, capturing Orthez and massacring many of the imprisoned Catholics. A special death was contrived for the clergy; they were thrown to their deaths from the heights of Orthez's Le Pont-Vieux over the Gave de Pau. In addition, the local Château Moncade was destroyed as well as the town’s churches and many homes.

The massacre at Orthez occurred three years to the day before the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in Paris, which some historians suggest may have been a revenge killing for the massacre of Catholics in Orthez. In all, both events fit into the bigger picture of the French Wars of Religion.

Other noble family lines in Orthez:

  1. Noble Pierre de Fourcade, born about 1615, married Damoiselle Jeanne de Touyaa, born about 1619 and died in February 1672, at the Protestant Temple in Orthez. She was the daughter of Jacob de Touyaa and Jeanne de Ségalas. The following children were born from this marriage: Jean-Pierre (1664), Pierre aka sieur de Baure (1666), Jacob (1670)
  1. Noble Daniel de Forcade, seigneur de Chantine[58] and his wife Damoiselle Barthélémie de Bonnecaze,[58]
    1. Noble Étienne de Forcade, seigneur de Chantine,[58][59] Daniel's son, born before 1645, married with Marie de Majendie in the Protestant Temple in Baigts[60] on 20 January 1669,[60] The fief of Chantine is located in Orthez and was created in 1657.[56]
  1. Noble Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de Baure, born before 1654 and died after 1728, married before 1679 with Damoiselle Catherine Aymée de Brosser de Herrère, and baptized four daughters at the Protestant Temple in Orthez between 1679-83: Jeanne (1679), Marie (1680), Marthe (1681) and Marthe Anne (1683).

On 1 March 1683, Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de Baure providied an inventory of the seigneurie de Baure,[55] in communes of Sainte-Suzanne in Sainte-Suzanne and Salles-Mongiscard, to same the Court of Finances.[61] The fief of Baure was a dependance of the Bailiwick of Larbaig and was within the Viscounty of Béarn.[55] It was not listed on the Census of 1385.

  1. Noble Pierre de Fourcade, seigneur de d'Aragnon, who is mentioned as a godparent together with Damoiselle Jeanne de Casenave, at the baptism of Jeanne de Fourcade in 1679, daughter of Noble Pierre de Fourcade, seigneur de Baure and his wife Damoiselle Catherine de Brosser Baure.

Pierre de Forcade provided an inventory of lands and the seigneurie d'Argagnon [sic] (d'Aragnon)[54] in Sainte-Suzanne in Sainte-Suzanne, on 1 March 1683 to the Court of Finances in Pau.[45] The fief of Aragnon was a dependance of the Bailiwick of Larbaig and was within the Viscounty of Béarn.)[54] In the 1385 census …loc deu Aranhoo counted 14 fires (feux)[54]

  1. Noble Jacob de Fourcade, seigneur de Hitau, born before 1654 and married before 1678 with Damoiselle Marie de Romatet, baptized two children at the Protestant Temple in Orthez between 1678-81: Pierre (1678), Jeanne (1681) and Catherine (1684). At the baptism of the last child, he was qualified simply as a merchant, living in the quarter called Départ. There is no fief called Hitau anywhere in the Lower Pyrénées. There is however a fief called Lahitte in Sallespisse, in Orthez.

The missing link between Orthez and family branches

Early attempts to link the branches failed:

Chaix d'Est-Ange and other early genealogical experts and authors not only complained about problems with each others' published works regarding the Forcade family, they also published erroneous, incomplete and unsourced information in their own works in trying to substantiate the family's nobility and disprove each other. Although they were supposed to cite concrete, if not irrefutable, proof of descendancy and ancestry in their published works, it was neither they nor their published works that determined the Forcade family's nobility. They simply reported it.

The King's own genealogist determined the legitimacy of each claim by reviewing both the claimant's documentation and the information already collected in his archives from previous letters patent for the Forcade family. After reviewing both new documentation and archive material, he submitted his opinion to the King regarding the issuance of new letters patent. After letters patent were issued by the King, a mandatory second step was to have them recognized and registered by the responsible court. In the case of the Forcade family, the responsible court was the Court of Aids of Guyenne. Once the court recognized the letters patent, a public decree was issued, providing the final legitimacy.

Whereas Chaix d'Est-Ange and other authors may not have the documentary evidence they wanted when publishing their works, the King's genealogist, the Court of Aids of Guyenne and the Intendant of Guyenne responsible for the search for usurpers of noble titles and the reconfirmation of true nobles, each did consider they had sufficient documentary evidence to justify their decisions, based on documents individuals submitted and documents in archives from prior letters patent.

The crux of the issue concerning the family's nobility:

One of the key documents in the Forcade family's claim to nobility is a copy of the 1505 testament from Noble Jean I. de Forcade naming his four sons as his heirs. In each case, the problems originated with family members who could demonstrate their ancestory from their branch's earliest verifiable author, but they faced difficulties proving his Lineal descendancy from one of the four sons named in the testament.

Their problem was further complicated by the fact that their direct ancestor, named Jean de Forcade, in the line between the four sons named in the testament and their branch author, had been stripped of his nobility for a dérogeance committed in the early 17th century. Two of his sons still living in 1651 received letters of relief from King Louis XIV of France[15] that reestablished them in their ancient nobility and "...forgave them of the dérogeance committed by their father…".[15]

Chaix d'Est-Ange and other authors who focused on the 1505 testament considered the time gap between any children the four sons named in the testament may have had in the early 16th century and the death of this Jean de Forcade in the early 17th century too long to be credible.

What 21st century research shows:

What recent research shows is that this gap was not filled with one Jean de Forcade who lived for 115 or more years, but instead two, a father and a son, both of the same name. Although these two individuals are identified as the missing link, the search for documentary evidence linking them as descendants from the testament and as ancestors of the branch authors is still ongoing.

Forcade, sieurs de Lafitte (aka La Fitte)

Nobles and seigneurs de Lafitte (La Fitte) and de Lafitte-Suzon (La Fitte de Suzon). lawyers, advisors to the King on both his private Council and his Council for Navarre, General Treasurer of Navarre, Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies and the Court of Finances, and (Guardians of the currency of Béarn and Navarre (Garde des monnaies de Béarn et Navarre) at the Parliament of Navarre.

The family also counts among its representatives an Attorney General of the Chancery, a Deputy for the States of Béarn at the General Assembly of the Reformed Church of France in Saumur in 1611, a Commissioner to Spain appointed by Queen Regent of France to negotiate peace (1612–14), and a Commissioner appointed by Louis XIII of France to implement the negotiated peace treaty (1615).

Jean de Laforcade, seigneur de La Fitte-Suzon was said to have been one of the most important men in Béarn and is named several times in the Mémoires du maréchal-duc de la Force, Governor of Béarn and Lower-Navarre, Captain of the Guard Corps and Lieutenant to the King in Béarn, as well as in letters between the Queen Mother and the Maréchal-duc de la Force.

He had at least three sons:

Chronology:

The fief of Lafitte:

There were three fiefs named Lafite (correct orthography is "La Fite") and a fourth named Lafitte (correct orthography is "La Fitte") in the region of the Basses-Pyrénées.[66] A further three fiefs named Lafiitte or La fiite in the Census of 1385 were renamed to Lahitte (correct orthography is "La Hitte") at some point prior to 1907, but exactly when is unknown and were likely still called Lafiitte or La Fiite in the 16th century.

The former three "Lafite" were in Pau, a vassal of the Viscounty of Béarn, in Navarrenx, a dependance of the Viscounty of Béarn, and in Abitain, also a dependance of the Viscounty of Béarn.

The fourth, "Lafitte", had its seat at the Château Lafitte,[67] originally built in the 14th century, is located in Monein,[66] where the Château Forcade[67] is also located. Château-Forcade was also once the name of a separate hamlet that has since been merged into the commune of Monein. Monein is located between Orthez and Pau.

The latter three fiefs were located in Sales-Pisses in present day Orthez, Morlanne and Puyoô.

NOTE: The Gave de Suzon is a river that separates Lower Navarre and Béarn. It is located in the former Viscounty of Soule, historically the smallest province of the Basque Country. It was under the administration and the government of the Intendant of Bordeaux. The Pont-Suzon is located in commune of Sarrance in Soule.

Forcade, sieurs du Grand-Tauzia, du Pin, de la Prade, de Martiné

Coat-of-Arms: Armand de Lafourcade du Pin et de la Prade, circa 1697

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture, a lion rampant gules; azure tincture charged with three mullets or below it; Right half: azure tincture charged with three mullets or; argent tincture charged with three gules bendlets dexter below it. A Count's coronet as helmut on top of the escutcheon. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon.

Heraldic symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the mullets (5-star) symbolize divine quality bestowed by god; The bendlets represent the scarf or shield suspender of a knight commander signifying defence or protection; granted to those who have distinguished themselves as commanders. A count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars of the late Middle Ages.

The branch de la Forcade du Tauzia, de la Forcade du Pin and de Lafourcade de la Prade belongs to the nobility of Gascony. Older books on the topic of genealogies of noble families state that the family resided since the 16th century in the small village of Laplume in the diocese of Agen, at the time the capital of the Viscounty and the Bailiwick of Brulhois.[68] Modern records indicate, however, that the historical residence of the family de la Forcade du Tauzia is located in the village of Mézin, in Lot-et-Garonne.[69][70]

They provided France with numerous military officers. Together with the branches de Forcade de la Grézère and de Forcade de La Roquette, they claim a common shared ancestry with the de Forcade family of Orthez in Béarn. This ancestry was confirmed in the 9 September 1666 judgment received by Philippe de Lafourcade, seigneur de la Prade.

  1. Jean de Forcade,[2] aka Jean Laforcade, seigneur de Lafitte,[18] (* Before 1530; † After 1584) Squire, is the earliest member of the branch to whom a verifiable filiation can be traced. O'Gilvy claimed, without citing sources, that he was the son of Noble Odet de Forcade,[2] inhabitant of Orthez.[2] Jean was named Governor of the Château d'Auvillars[2] by letters patent from Jeanne d'Albret, Queen regnant of Navarre. He is qualified as a Noble and as a Squire in both his marriage contract[2] with Odette de Rey on 29 April 1554[2] at the notary Ouzannet in Laplume, and in his testament[2] dated 7 September 1571[2] at the same notary. He, or a son by the same name, was captain of the Château d'AuvillarAD32, B 20, 1584, f° 14, v° (in French) in 1584.[18] His wife, Odette de Rey, was the sister of Noble Jacques de Rey, seigneur de La Salle, who was a captain and the military commandant of the village of Laplume. He left three sons and two daughters from his marriage. Two of these sons carried on the noble family lines. The third son is presumed to be Jean de Lafourcade, seigneur de La Fitte-Suzon, who was stripped of his noble because of a dérogeance.
    1. Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de Martiné, Squire, son of the preceding Jean de Forcade, was a man-at-arms under Kings Henri III of France and Henry IV of France, and a man of considerable importance to Laplume, who assigned him special missions of difficult and important matters.[68] He is named in his father's testament on on 5 September 1571 and in the royal and noble ranks of 1604, 1605 and 1606. He was First Consul of Laplume from 1611 to 1615.[71] His only child, a daughter, received the fief of Martiné in dowry when she married Bernard de Monteils, a Lawyer at parliament.
    2. Bernard de Forcade, seigneur de la Prade, Squire, also son of the preceding Jean de Forcade, obtained together with his brother Pierre, the permission to hunt and fish in the King's lands, domains, ponds, marshes and rivers by letters patent on the last day of February 1604. He married by notarized contract at the notary Pellicier the same year with Damsel Cécile du Drot. In this act, he is qualified together with his father and eldest brother, Pierre, as a Noble and as Squire. He was further qualified as a Squire in two decrees of parliament in 1605 and 1606. A certificate produced by Mr. de Montespan dated 26 November 1606 that he was one of the archers in the Scotts Guards, within the bodyguards of King Henry IV of France. He was First Consul of Laplume in 1626. His family paid heavily for their service to the King. Of four sons, who all served in the military, three were killed in the service of the King: Étienne († 1638), Pierre († 1639) and N…, perhaps named Bernard († 1672, where he was mortally wounded while acting valiantly at the siege of Augsburg on the Ijssel.)
      1. Philippe de Lafourcade, seigneur de la Prade[50] son of the aforementioned Bernard from his second marriage, grandson of Jean de Forcade,[50] was also qualified as a Noble and a Squire.[2] He married Marguerite de Broquières on 29 January 1637.[2] Philippe was First Consul of Laplume in 1646[50] and commissioned as an infantry captain in the régiment de Marin in 1648.
        1. Armand de Lafourcade, seigneur du Pin, son of Philippe, married Dominique de Redon[2] on 20 August 1674,[2] while living in Condom.[2] Armand left two sons, François and Marc-Antoine, who both continued his descendance.
          1. ELDER BRANCH: François de la Forcade, seigneur du Pin et du Grand-Tauzia,[6] married with Paule-Hélène de Frère de St. Pau[6] in 1711.[6]
            1. Renaud de Forcade, seigneur du Grand-Tauzia,[6] Armand's son, was born in Condom in 1714[6] and married there with Marguerite de Cailhoux[6] in 1749,[6] was, in his turn, again investigated concerning his nobility, and had to have it recognized again on 29 June 1787, by decree of the Conseil d'État.[6] He died the following year,[6] leaving three sons: Antoine de la Forcade, seigneur du Grand-Tauzia (* 1750 in Condom),[6] Jules Arnould de la Forcade du Pin (* 1754 in Condom)[6] and Gabriel Victor, who died unmarried at Grand Tauzia Castle in 1850.[6]
          2. CADET BRANCH: Marc-Antoine de Laffourcade,[50] born in Condom on 26 December 1676,[50] married Bernarde de Ponteil de Castillon in 1715.[50] His great-grandson, Jean-Baptiste-Octavien de la Forcade,[50] born in Valence, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Auch, on 12 October 1777,[50] had his proof of nobility published in the Nouveau d'Hozier in order to be admitted to the École Militaire in 1787.[6] Neither he nor his younger brother, Gilbert, married, thus making them the last representatives of their branch.[6]

The principle alliances in this branch of the family were du Drot (1604), de Broquières (1637), de Redon (1674), de Ponteil de Castillon (1715), Soulès, Darodes de Bellegarde (1822), de Caussia de Mauvoisin (1858), du Bernet de Garros (1852), de Bernard de Lécussan (1833), d'Alexandry d'Orengiani (1871), de Lalyman de Varennes (1891) and de Saint-Meleuc 1894).

Forcade, sieurs de Caubreyan, de la Grézère, de La Roquette

Nobles, Gentlemen, Squires and seigneurs de la Grézère, de La Roquette, de Caubeyran, de Saint-Genest, de Lastranencq, de la Tour-Catsies (de la Tour de Gassies), de Sauroux, de Romatet, de la Bassane, etc.[4]

Coat of Arms: D'or with a dextrochère of carnation, gules armored arm, moving from the lower side of the shield holding a gules épée, topped with two gules bulls, one above the other, the lower bull no longer having his head, which appears to have been cut with the edge of the épée. A (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, Two or lions supporting the escutcheon.

In the genealogy adopted by this branch of the family and supported by court decisions in the 17th century, they descend from Gaston de Forcade, son of Jean I. de Forcade, from Orthez. All of the 17th century judgments reconfirming family members in their nobility refer to this testament as one of several original documents viewed by the courts, that constituted proof of the successful claims of nobility. Chaix d'Est-Ange pointed out, however, that the testament alone did not establish a link between Gaston and the following generations, and that other supporting documents must have been viewed by the courts in order for them to justify their decisions. His supposition is based on the dates and ages of people mentioned in the testament.

Elder Branch: sieurs de Saint-Genest, de Caubreyan

  1. Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Saint-Genest, second son of Jean de Laforcade, seigneur de La Fitte-Suzon, born in the last quarter of the 16th century. He married Noble Marie de Laurière, damoiselle de Moncaut and was reestablished in his nobility in July 1651,[15] through letters of relief from King Louis XIV of France,[15] while serving in the naval infantry regiment of Candale in Guyenne, He died between 1651-56.[15] Marie's father, Joseph de Laurière, Baron de Montcaut, in Brulhois, made a notarized contract of sale in her favor, for a noble smallholding in the jurisdiction of Galapian on 21 Nov 1657. When she submitted her inventory of assets for the smallholding de Martet that her father gave her, separate from those of the seigneurie de Galapian, to the Trésorier de France on 23 November 1670, she did so as the widow of Jean de Forcade, seigneur de Saint-Genest. One son was born from this marriage, Louis de Forcade, seigneur de Caubreyan.
    1. Louis de Forcade, seigneur de Caubreyan, born in the first quarter of the 17th century, married on 5 October 1653[15] with Bertrande Ferran.[15] Together with his uncle, Étienne I. de Forcade, he obtained a decree from the Court of Aids of Guyenne in Libourne[15] on 27 May 1656[15] ordering the registration and recognition of these letters patent,[15] only to have his nobility revoked again in 1667 and be convicted and fined as a usurper of nobility. It was not until 1696 that he was finally restored to his nobility.
      1. Étienne II. de Forcade, seigneur de Caubreyan, Louis' only son, married on 31 January 1687[15] with Anne Fourcade.[15] The marriage produced at least one son, Étienne III. de Forcade de Caubreyan.
        1. Étienne III. de Forcade de Caubreyan, born 3 February 1698[15] in Galapian[15] in the diocese of Agen had at least one son, Louis de Forcade de Caubreyan.
          1. This latter, Louis de Forcade de Caubreyan, born in 1746,[15] moved to Martinique[15] and in 1775 tried to register his nobility there, but when the application was sent to Chérin, the King's genealogist, he gave it a negative response. This branch de Forcade de Caubreyan apparently extinguished with Louis.

Cadet Branch: sieurs de la Grézère, de La Roquette

Coat of Arms: Étienne I. de Forcade, circa 1696.
Coat of Arms: The Viscounts of Béarn.
Coat of Arms: Étienne de Forcade de La Grézère, circa 1789.[72]
  1. Étienne I. de Forcade, youngest son of Jean de Laforcade, seigneur de La Fitte-Suzon, born in the last quarter of the 16th century. He married Françoise de Vazar, and, together with his brother, was reestablished in his nobility in July 1651,[15] through letters of relief from King Louis XIV of France,[15] while also serving in the naval infantry regiment of Candale in Guyenne. Together with his brother's son, Louis de Forcade, seigneur de Caubreyan, he obtained a decree from the Court of Aids of Guyenne in Libourne[15] ordering the registration and recognition of these letters patent[15] on 27 May 1656.[15] Étienne died a few years later leaving five[15] sons: Mathieu, Étienne, Pierre and Bertrand.
    1. Mathieu de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, Squire, was a captain in the naval infantry regiment in Candale when he received the order from the Prince de Conty on 2 July 1652, to take a franche company to the King's service. He married with damsel Catherine Sangosse[15] on 2 June 1658[15] by notarized contract at the Royal notary de Laure.[15] Mathieu and his two brothers, Pierre and Bertrand, all three Squires, were reconfirmed in their nobility on 29 July 1666. Three children were born from this marriage:[15] Bernard de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, Étienne de Forcade and Pierre de Forcade de la Roquette.
      1. Bernard de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, married in succession with Gratienne Samazeuil[53] and Jeanne du Bourdieu,[53] the latter by notarized contract at the notary Laujacq on 25 December 1700, and had one son, Bertrand de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère.
        1. Bertrand de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, from the second marriage to Jeanne du Bourdieu,[53] moved to Marmande and married with Damsel Françoise de Tapie de Monteil, daughter of Noble Pierre de Tapie, seigneur de Monteil, Squire, and Lady Marie de Priames, by notarized contract at the notary Pardejac in the parish of Coussan in the jurisdiction of Marmande on 11 September 1729. He was accompanied by his great uncle, Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de La Roquette, Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis. Two children were born from this marriage: Étienne II. and Catherine.
          1. Étienne II. de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère was appointed an Ensign in the 1st Company of the naval infantry Régiment de Vermandois on 1 March 1757 and was promoted to Lieutenant later the same year, on 2 September. On 2 Jun 1765, he was ordered by the Duke de Lorges, Lieutenant General of the the King's armies and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Guyenne to board the vessel le Bordelois with fifty men and to "…follow its destination according the orders he would receive from Mr. d'Aubenton, the General Commissioner of orders for the Navy." A recipient of the Knight of the Order of Saint Louis. He was summoned to the Assembly of Nobility of the Bailiwick of Bazas[2] which met on 10 March 1789. Three days later, he was again summoned to the Assembly of nobility of the Bailiwick of Agen,[2] where he was appointed one of the Commissioners by the Order of Nobility. He married with Françoise Roudier,[53] daughter of François Roudier, Deputy Mayor,[53] of the commune of Langon, in Langon,[53] on 12 June 1766 by notarized contract. Four children resulted from their marriage: René-Pierre-Étienne, Huges-Dorothée who died during emigration during the French Revolution in Oberndorf am Neckar aged 23 years, Jean-Baptiste-Gaston, and Jean.
            1. René-Pierre-Étienne de Forcade de la Grézère,[73] eldest son of the preceding Étienne II. de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, was an officer in the Régiment de Dauphiné before 1789. He emigrated to Prussia on 20 October 1791, where he was received in Breslau by descendants of the Forcade-Biaix family, who had left France for Prussia following the Edict of Fontainebleau, and who held important positions in the Prussian Army. With the help of his cousin,[73] a General in the Forcade-Biaix family, he and his younger brother, Jean-Gaston de Forcade de la Grézère, were commissioned Second lieutenants on 11 July 1798. He returned home to France in 1806, after the revolution. In 1815, he was named as Colonel Commandant of the National Guard in the arrondissement of Marmande by the Count d'Artois. He was a recipient of the Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis, He died 11 March 1852, as a retired senior officer. From his marriage on 12 Jun 1815 (or 1813)[2] to Françoise-Félicité-Pauline de Suriray de La Rue[2] two sons were born: Étienne-Gabriel-Camille de Forcade de la Grézère, born 5 October 1814, and Noble Maximillian de Forcade de la Grézère, married with Marie-Albine-Léonie Guiot du Repaire, daughter of the Baron Guiot du Repaire.
              1. Étienne-Gabriel-Camille de Forcade de la Grézère, born 5 October 1814, married Louise-Augustine-Éléonore de Clappiers, from a noble family in Provence, on 25 Apr 1855. From this marriage, two daughters:
                1. Pauline-Bénédictine-Marie de Forcade de la Grézère, born 15 April 1854.
                2. Françoise-Marie-Louise-Valentine de Forcade de la Grézère, born 7 August 1855.
              2. Noble Maximillian de Forcade de la Grézère, married with Marie-Albine-Léonie Guiot du Repaire, daughter of the Baron Guiot du Repaire on 20 April 1849. The marriage produced three children, of which:
                1. Henri-Dieurdonné de Forcade de la Grézère, born 23 Jun 1850, who had for Godparents His Royal Highness Monseigneur the Count of Chambord, and Her Royal Highness Madame the Duchess d'Angoulême, the eldest child of Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
                2. Marie-Françoise-Edith de Forcade de la Grézère, born 4 October 1852.
                3. Jeanne-Marie-Marguerite de Forcade de la Grézère, born 11 May 1858.
          2. Jean-Baptiste-Gaston de Forcade de la Grézère, Knight of the Legion of Honour, Mayor of Marmande during the Restauration Era,[2] married with Mademoiselle Laure de Faget de Quennefer,[2] daughter of Noble Faget de Quennefer and of Dame Alexandrine de Burgues de Missiessy, from the family of Vice Admiral and Counter Admiral de Burgues de Missiessy. From this marriage, two daughter, thus extinguishing the branch of males to carry the name forward:[2]
            1. Adrien de Forcade, the Assistant Imperial Prosecutor in Auch
            2. Marie de Forcade, who married Count Ladislas de Levezou de Vezins, Captain in the Artillery, son of Monsignor Jean-Aimé de Levezu de Vezins, later Bishop of Agen, and the prelate son of a Dame de Mostuéjouls, both of whose ancestors participated in the 7th Crusade of King Louis IX of France.
          3. Noble Jean de Forcade de La Roquette, born in 1780,[2] 4th son of Étienne II. de Forcade, seigneur de la Grézère, was a Juge de Paix[2] (now called a Judge at the Tribunal d'instance) in Paris from 1811 to 1846, Knight of the Order of Malta, and Knight of the Legion of Honor[11] He was married with Dame Louise-Catherine Papillon de La Tapy (or Papillon de Latapie),[2] the widow of Mr. Le Roy de Saint-Arnaud,[2] previously Prefect of the department of Aude and a Knight of the Legion of Honor. She had two children from her first marriage, Armand-Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud and Adolphe Le Roy de Saint-Arnaud. Their marriage produced one son:[2] Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette.
            1. Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette[74][75] aka Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette,[2] son of the preceding Noble Jean de Forcade de La Roquette, born 8 April 1820[2] in Paris, Minister of Finance[2] (1860), Senator during the Second French Empire[2] (1861), Vice President of the French Conseil d'État (1863), and Minister of Public Works in 1867, Minister of Commerce, Minister of Agriculture (1867-1868), and Minister of the Interior (1868-1870) in the third government of Napoleon III. In 1847, together with his half-brother, Marshal of France Achille Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, Gouverneur de Paris (Military Governor of Paris) and the Ministre de la Guerre (Minister of War, he jointly acquired the Château de Malromé in Saint-André-du-Bois (Gironde). The two half-brothers would, over time, restore the castle according to plans by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, the French architect and theorist, famous for his interpretive "restorations" of medieval buildings. He died 15 August 1874,[2] leaving three children from his marriage on 2 October 1847 in Paris to Joséphine-Adélaïde Cutlar-Fergusson (* 1831 in London, † 25 December 1889 in Paris, 8th Arrondissement): Gaston, Robert and Jane. On 20 May 1883, Joséphine-Adélaïde, his financially-ruined widow, sold the Château de Malromé to Countess Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, mother of painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who died there on 9 September 1901.
              1. Gaston de Forcade de La Roquette
              2. Robert de Forcade de La Roquette
              3. Jane de Forcade de La Roquette, whose Godparents were His Royal Highness, Emperor Napoléon III and Her Majesty Eugénie de Montijo, the last Empress consort of the French.
          4. Catherine de Forcade, married Jean-Baptiste de Geneste, seigneur and Baron de Malromé. She was summoned to the General Assembly of the Nobility of Bordeaux in 1789, but did not attend. Catherine de Forcade, widow of the Baron de Malromé, acquired the Château de Malromé in Saint-André-du-Bois (Gironde) around 1780, renaming it to its present name in memory of her deceased husband. She transmitted the castle in 1847 to Jean-Louis-Victor-Adolphe de Forcade de La Roquette, President du Conseil d’Etat under Napoléon III, and to his half-brother, Marshal of France Achille Armand Jacques Leroy de Saint-Arnaud, Gouverneur de Paris (Military Governor of Paris) and the Ministre de la Guerre (Minister of War.
        2. 'Étienne de Forcade, Étienne's second son, married in 1709[53] with a lawyer's daughter, Suzanne Brocas[53] and had two sons: Bernard and Bertrand.
          1. Bernard de Forcade, who married in Bazas in 1740 with a Mademoiselle du Bernet.[53]
          2. Bertrand de Forcade, who married in 1747 with a Mademoiselle Pénicaut.[53]
        3. Pierre de Forcade, seigneur de la Roquette[53] was first appointed a Captain in the Count de Damas Regiment on 28 August 1680, then again as a Captain in the Sancerre Regiment on 1 March 1701. He was awarded Knight of the Royal and Military Order of Saint-Louis on 20 September 1714, promoted to Major in the Sancerre Regiment on 18 December 1724, then retired by the King. He was still living on 11 September 1729.
      2. Bernard de Forcade married in Bazas in 1740 with a Mademoiselle du Bernet and had one son, Bertrand de Forcade.
        1. Bertrand de Forcade married in 1747 with a Mademoiselle Pénicaut.
    2. Pierre de Forcade, Squire.
    3. Bertrand de Forcade, Squire.

Notable members of this family include (in order of birth year):

The principal alliances in this branch of the family were de Tapie (1729), de Suriray (1813/15), Guiot de Repaire (1849), de Clappiers (1855), Faget de Quennefer, de Lévezou de Vasins, Clauzel, de Bazelaire (1896), de Barberin, de Bonfils (1882), de Malvin (1690), Schlumberger (1920) and Lagroy de Croutte de Saint-Martin (1893).

Forcade, sieurs de Biaix

Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms, Westphalia Branch, date unknown, pre-1900
Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms,[76][77] Silesia Branch, date unknown, pre-1900
Forcade-Biaix Coat of Arms, Prussian Branch, circa 1820

Nobles, Gentlemen and Seigneurs de Biaix (in Béarn and Prussia). The founder of the branch was a Forcade de Rontignon for a short period prior to acquiring Biaix.

Coat of Arms: An escutcheon with the field divided into four parts. Left half: argent tincture with a lion gules holding a sinople eradicated oak tree between its paws; azure tincture charged with three mullets or; Right half: argent tincture with a gules castle with three towers; sinople tincture charged with three roses argent below it. A Grafenkrone (Count's coronet) as helmut on top of the escutcheon, crested with a or fleur-de-lis. Two or lions supporting the escutcheon. Motto: "In Virtute Pertinax".

Heraldic symbolism: The lion symbolizes courage; the eradicated oak tree symbolizes strength and endurance; the towers are symbols of defense and of individual fortitude; the mullets (5-star) symbolizes divine quality bestowed by god; the rose is a symbol of hope and joy; the fleur-de-lis is the floral emblem of France; the coronet is a symbol of victory, sovereignty and empire. A count's coronet to demonstrate rank and because the family originally served the counts of Foix and Béarn during the English Wars of the late Middle Ages.

The Forcade-Biaix in Pau, were Legislators at the Parliament of Navarre, Presidents of the Chambre des Comptes (the Court of Finances) and Guardians of the currency of Béarn and Navarre. This branch of the family and their ancestors were Protestant from the time of the Reformation in France until 1684. Two of the fourteen known children, one male and one female, emigrated to Prussia in 1683. The founder of the family line and his eldest son converted back to Catholicism following the Dragonnades and the Edict of Fontainebleau. What happened to the other children is a matter of speculation.

The early generations of the Forcade-Biaix[78] family line, as well as their immediate direct ancestors, had close alliances in marriage, property and careers, in particular on the Parliament of Navarre and its financial branches, such as the Chambre des Comptes (the Court of Finances), in Pau, dating back to the early 16th century, with the families d'Abbadie, (de Badie), de Bordes, de Casamajor, d'Espalungue and d'Espalungue, Barons d'Arros, de Gassion, de Lons, Counts de Sanson, de Navailles and de Salies. These names appear and reappear together in notarial acts and parish records related to the Family from the 15th-17th centuries.

The history of the Forcade-Biaix branch is complicated by the publication of false information concerning its origins in several affluent publications on the topic of nobility in Prussia and Europe. The first known publication of such information was in 1767,[79] about 80 years after immigration in Prussia. The same information was reproduced in various forms in publications during the first half of the 19th century. One can only speculate if the information was knowingly furnished as false, or if it was the innocent result of confusing names that had been handed down verbally from two earlier generations already deceased. Claims published in the same publications that they held the rank of Marquis were, however, deliberately false.

The Forcade-Biaix family name was still represented in France in 1874 in the person of Edmond-Hector de Forcade-Biaix, a property owner in Dunkerque.[80] It was claimed, without citations, that the Forcade-Biaix name and branch extinguished in France in 1922.[6]

Direct ancestors of the Forcade-Biaix family line are:

Notable members of this family include (in order of birth year):

The principal alliances of this branch of the family were de Maserolles, de Lavigne, de Faur de Bordères, de Bordes, de Lanne (1659), de Lafite, Renoir (1687), de Seris, de Lalanne (1694), Baronne von Honstedt, from the house of Erdeborn (1697), de Gleveau, du Dufau, Jacquet, Baronne de Saint-Hippolyte (1727), d'Espalungue, Baron d'Arros, Seigneur de Minvielle et de Galan d'Asson (1727), Roux, Cantenius, de Casamajor (1741), von Eickstedt, von Prittwitz und Gaffron from the house of Lortzendorf, Lebrecht von Lattorff (1756), Baron Löw von und zu Steinfurth (1775), Lipelius, von Koschembahr und Skorkau from the house of Ossen (1782), Hindenberg, Baronne von Krane zu Matena, Baronne von Romberg, Count von Flemming, von Poser und Groß-Naedlitz from the house of Peuke (1804), Zinnow (1808), von Neumann and von Randow (1832).

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 310 (in French)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 313 (in French)
  3. ↑ Lespy & Raymond, Page 302 (in Béarnais & French)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 O'Gilvy, Tome 3, Page 169 (in French)
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 O'Gilvy, Tome 3, Page 173 (in French)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 315 (in French)
  7. ↑ AD64, E 296
  8. 1 2 AD64, E 302
  9. ↑ Bidot-Germa, Page 124 (in French)
  10. ↑ AD64, E 318
  11. 1 2 3 Maihol, Tome 1, Page 1204 (in French)
  12. ↑ Cursente, Page 38 (in French)
  13. ↑ Cursente, Page 39 (in French)
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 O'Gilvy, Tome 3, Page 174 (in French)
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 311 (in French)
  16. 1 2 Cadier, Page 135 (in Béarnais)
  17. 1 2 3 Jaurgain/Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn Tome II, Page 443 (in French)
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tierny/Pagel, p. 96, col. 2, f. 14, v° (in French)
  19. 1 2 AD64, B1869
  20. 1 2 Société des Science, Lettres et Arts de Pau, IIème Série, Tome 35, Page 67 (in French)
  21. 1 2 Société des Science, Lettres et Arts de Pau, IIème Série, Tome 35, Pages 68-69 (in French)
  22. 1 2 3 4 Société des Science, Lettres et Arts de Pau, IIème Série, Tome 35, Page 71 (in French)
  23. 1 2 Société des Science, Lettres et Arts de Pau, IIème Série, Tome 35, Page 70 (in French)
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Etcheverry, Page 6 (in French)
  25. 1 2 Société des Science, Lettres et Arts de Pau, IIème Série, Tome 35, Page 74 (in French)
  26. 1 2 Etcheverry, Page 8 (in French)
  27. 1 2 AD64, B 3616
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jaurgain/Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn Tome II, Page 388 (in French)
  29. ↑ AD64, E 1862, f° 17
  30. ↑ Jaurgain/Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn Tome II, Page 389 (in French)
  31. ↑ AD64, E 1193, f° 84, v°
  32. ↑ AD64, E 1196
  33. ↑ AD64, E 976
  34. ↑ Jaurgain, Page 485 (in French)
  35. ↑ AD64, E 1244
  36. ↑ Jaurgain, Page 452 (in French)
  37. ↑ AD64, B 662
  38. ↑ AD64, E 1674
  39. ↑ Jaurgain, Les Trois Mousquétaires, Page 243 (in French)
  40. 1 2 Jaurgain, Les Trois Mousquétaires, Page 244 (in French)
  41. ↑ AD64, B 889
  42. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 146 (in French)</ (in French)
  43. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 147 (in French)
  44. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 141 (in French)
  45. 1 2 Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 126 (in French)
  46. ↑ Raymond, Page 43 (in French)
  47. ↑ AD64, C 719
  48. ↑ AD64, C 723
  49. ↑ AD64, C 1548
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 314 (in French)
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 O'Gilvy, Page 179 (in French)
  52. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Château de Baure (in French)
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Chaix d'Est-Ange, Tome 18, Page 312 (in French)
  54. 1 2 3 4 Raymond, Page 7 (in French)
  55. 1 2 3 Raymond, Page 24 (in French)
  56. 1 2 Raymond, Page 48 (in French)
  57. 1 2 AD32, B 20, 1584, f° 14, v° (in French)
  58. 1 2 3 Jaurgain/Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn Tome II, Page 257 (in French)
  59. 1 2 AD64, B 872
  60. 1 2 Jaurgain/Maluquer, Armorial de Béarn Tome II, Page 591 (in French)
  61. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 131 (in French)
  62. 1 2 3 Tierny/Pagel, p. 39, col. 2. f. 99 (in French)]
  63. 1 2 3 AD32, B 6, 1556-1557, f° 99 (in French)]
  64. ↑ AD64, E 2002
  65. ↑ Bascle de Lagrèze, Page 38 (in French)
  66. 1 2 Raymond, Page 89 (in French)
  67. 1 2 Fundación Lebrel Blanco, Monein, Architecture civil (in French)
  68. 1 2 O'Gilvy, Page 180 (in French)
  69. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Maison de notable, dite Château de Perréou (in French)
  70. ↑ Mérimée-Architecture, Maison dite hôtel de La Forcade du Tauzia (in French)
  71. ↑ O'Gilvy, Page 181 (in French)
  72. ↑ Armorial de l'Agenais, 117
  73. 1 2 3 4 Antoinetti, Cordoni & de Oliveira, Page 688 (in French)
  74. 1 2 Antoinetti, Cordoni & de Oliveira, Page 685 (in French)
  75. ↑ Fondation Napoléon, Biography (in English)
  76. ↑ Blažek, Part 3, Page 132 (in German)
  77. ↑ Blažek, Part 3, Page 267, Table 85 (in German)
  78. ↑ Jougla de Morenas, Tome 4, Page 28 (in French)
  79. ↑ Dienemann, Page 360 (in German)
  80. ↑ Poplimont, Page 60 (in French)
  81. ↑ AD64, E 2046
  82. ↑ Raymond, Page 30 (in French)

References

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