Flushing–Jamaica Line

Q65 / Q65 Limited
Flushing–Jamaica Line College Point Line
Overview
System	MTA Regional Bus Operations
Operator	MTA Bus Company
Garage	College Point Depot
Vehicle	New Flyer C40LF CNG
Began service	April 7, 1891 (College Point Trolley)[1] December 2, 1899 (Flushing–Jamaica trolley)[1] August 10, 1937 (bus service)[1]
Route
Locale	Queens
Start	College Point – 110th Street
Via	College Point Boulevard, 164th Street
End	Jamaica – Sutphin Boulevard / LIRR station
Length	5 miles (8.0 km) (Flushing–Jamaica trolley)[1][2]
Service
Operates	24 hours[3]
Daily ridership	6,319,378 (2014)[4]
Fare	$2.75 (MetroCard or coins)
Cash	Coins only (exact change required)
Transfers	Yes
Timetable	Q65
Route map ← Q64 Q66 →

The Q65 bus route constitutes a public transit line in Queens, New York City, United States. The south-to-north route runs primarily on 164th Street, operating between two major bus-subway hubs: Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue/Jamaica and Flushing – Main Street. It then extends north along College Point Boulevard to College Point at the north end of the borough. The route is city-operated under the MTA Bus Company brand of MTA Regional Bus Operations.

The bulk of the bus route between Jamaica and Flushing follows a former streetcar line known as the Flushing–Jamaica Line,^[1] Jamaica–Flushing Line,^[1][5] or 164th Street Line,^[6] operated by the New York and Queens County Railway from 1899 to 1937. The northern portion of the route follows a second line operated by the company called the College Point Line or Flushing–College Point Line,^[7] which began operation in 1891. Both lines, combined known as the Jamaica–College Point Line^[1] or Jamaica−Flushing−College Point Line,^[8] were replaced by bus service in 1937, operated by successor companies Queens-Nassau Transit Lines, Queens Transit Corporation, and finally Queens Surface Corporation until the route was taken over by the city in 2005.

Route description

Streetcar route

Flushing–Jamaica Line

The original Flushing–Jamaica Line, nicknamed the "Toonerville Express",^[9] began at the intersection of Broadway and Lawrence Street (now Northern Boulevard and College Point Boulevard) at the northern edge of Downtown Flushing near Flushing Creek. It ran east to Main Street, then south along Main Street and Jamaica Avenue (now Kissena Boulevard) to Sanford Avenue. It then ran short distances east along Sanford, south along Bowne Avenue (now Bowne Street), east on Forest/Franconia Avenue (45th Avenue), and south on 162nd Street to Pigeon Meadow Road at the west edge of the Flushing Cemetery. The line proceeded south for five miles along an undeveloped right-of-way owned by the railroad, which would later become 164th Street, to what is now Normal Road, a few blocks north of Hillside Avenue. The line ran short distances west to a point between Parsons Boulevard and 153rd Street, south to 90th Avenue, and west to Washington Street (later 160th Street) ending at Jamaica Avenue in Downtown Jamaica.^{[1][5][10][11][12]} The line shared a terminal at 160th Street and Jamaica Avenue with the trolley lines of the Long Island Electric Railway, which operated streetcar lines to Far Rockaway, Brooklyn, and Belmont Park.^[2][5][13] On Sundays, a shuttle service ran to take passengers from Downtown Flushing to Flushing Cemetery.

College Point Line

The College Point line, consisting of two tracks, began in Flushing at a T-junction on Broadway and Lawrence Street with the Flushing–Jamaica Line and the Corona Line traveling west along Broadway (Northern Boulevard). It ran north along Lawrence Street, the College Point Causeway, and 122nd Street (all part of the modern College Point Boulevard) to 14th Road (northbound) or 15th Avenue (southbound). It then ran west to 110th Street and 14th Avenue at the edge of the Long Island Sound.^[5] The line served the College Point Ferry or 99th Street Ferry, which ran to East 99th Street in the Upper East Side of Manhattan.^[1][14]

Current bus service

The current Q65 service begins at the College Point Line's terminal at 110th Street and 14th Avenue, and follows the former trolley route to Northern Boulevard. After running on Main Street and Kissena Boulevard, interchanging with the IRT Flushing Line subway, LIRR Port Washington Branch, and several other bus routes, it proceeds east along the former trolley route, and south along 164th Street to Hillside Avenue. It turns west on Hillside Avenue then south on Parsons Boulevard, merging with the parallel Q25 and Q34 routes (also former Queens Surface routes). The routes proceed south to Jamaica Avenue, then west to Sutphin Boulevard, terminating at Supthin Boulevard and 94th Avenue underneath the Jamaica terminal for the LIRR and AirTrain JFK.^{[3][15][16][17][18][19]}

During weekday rush-hours, the Q65 employs limited-stop service in both service directions. Limited-stop buses make all stops north of 28th Avenue and College Point Boulevard.^[3]

History

Streetcar operations

On July 26, 1886, the Flushing and College Point Street Railway was incorporated, with the intent of building what became the College Point Line. The then-villages of Flushing and College Point granted franchises to the company in summer 1887, with the provision of only employing overhead trolley wire for five years before switching to battery power.^[1] The line began operation on April 7, 1891, running on batteries instead of overhead wire.^[1][20] Because of the expenses of battery power, the railroad went bankrupt and was sold at auction on April 4, 1892.^[1] The line was later equipped with overhead wire, improving profits and patronage.^[1] On December 31, 1896, the line became part of the New York and Queens County Railway system.^[1]

The New York & North Shore Railway Company was organized on March 13, 1897, as a subsidiary to the New York and Queens County Railway. At the end of the month, it proposed several new routes including the Flushing–Jamaica Line.^[1] The franchise for the line was awarded on December 31, 1897.^[9] Construction began in 1898 and continued through 1899.^[1][10] Service on the line began on December 2, 1899.^[1][2] Earlier that year on October 13, the Long Island Electric Railway (LIER), operators of the Jamaica−Far Rockaway Line, was purchased by the company.^[1][21] Track connections at 160th Street had been built during the construction of the Flushing–Jamaica Line in order to facilitate service between the two lines.^[1][10] On March 12, 1900, through service on the combined routes began between Flushing and Far Rockaway.^[2] This service ended on August 1, 1901 after the LIER was bought out by the Hogan Brothers, a group of trolley line surveyors who worked on both the Flushing and Far Rockaway lines.^[2] During the month of May in 1902, the Flushing–Jamaica Line was bought out by the parent New York and Queens company, through several complex proceedings and reorganizations.^[1] In 1906, it became part of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT).^[6]

The 99th Street Ferry in College Point would cease service in 1913.^[7]

In 1923, the line went into bankruptcy and the IRT relinquished ownership.^[6] By the mid-1920s, the Flushing–Jamaica Line was double tracked.^[1][6] On October 2, 1928, several months after the opening of the Flushing – Main Street subway station, Flushing–Jamaica through service was extended to College Point.^[1]

Decline and conversion to bus service

Around this time, many streetcar lines in Queens and the rest of the city began to be replaced by buses, particularly after the unification of city's three primary transit companies in June 1940.^[2][22] Many local civic organizations had been campaigning for a bus route along the Flushing–Jamaica Line, and the removal of the trolley route that ran in close proximity to private houses. The administration of Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia and Robert Moses also desired to use the right-of-way to build the planned Grand Central Parkway (this highway would instead be built along the western end of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park).^[1] The College Point trolley, meanwhile, was cited for noise disturbances.^[2]

On December 18, 1936, the New York City Board of Estimate voted to motorize the trolley franchises of the New York and Queens County Railway.^[23] Bus service between Flushing − Main Street and 160th Street in Jamaica began on July 1, 1937^[24] under the designation "Q-65".^[25][26] On July 2, the railroad turned over the right-of-way of the Flushing–Jamaica Line between Flushing Cemetery and Jamaica to the city in order to create a proper 164th Street.^[27] Buses fully replaced trolley service on the Flushing–Jamaica Line on August 10, 1937.^{[1][20][9][28]} Initially, the route ran along Kissena Boulevard and Bowne Street between Horace Harding Boulevard and 46th Avenue, with 164th Street impassible by vehicles through Kissena Park.^[1][9] Service on the College Point trolley was abandoned on August 23 of that year, replaced by buses between 110th Street and Flushing.^[1][7][20] The Flushing-Jamaica buses were rerouted onto 164th Street after the road was paved and opened on August 10, 1938.^[1][8][29] The company's stock and property were transferred to its subsidiary Queens-Nassau Transit Lines company, which operated the buses.^[1][23] By 1940, the Q65 route ran between College Point and Jamaica. That year, the company applied for an extension of the route north along 122nd Street (College Point Boulevard), which was never implemented.^[25][30][31] Queens-Nassau would become the Queens Transit Corporation in 1957.^[32]

In addition to the Q65, there was a short run service labeled Q68 between Flushing and the Flushing Cemetery along the route, successor to a Sunday service during trolley operations. Upon the transition to bus service, it became a rush hour weekday service to supplement the Q65, as a shuttle to the Main Street subway station. This route was later merged with the Q66 route along Northern Boulevard, most likely because the Woodside bus depot used by the company was at the end of the Q66 line. Even after Queens Transit moved their depot to College Point in 1957, the company continued to operate the Northern Boulevard-Cemetery service, using the Q66/Q68 designation. In 1965, the service was relabeled Q66/Q65, and three years later, it was discontinued.

The bus company would become Queens-Steinway Transit Corporation in 1986, and Queens Surface Corporation in 1988.^[32] In 2004, the southern terminus of the Q65 along with the Q25 and Q34 was moved from 160th Street and Jamaica Avenue to Parsons Boulevard and Jamaica Avenue.^[33]

MTA takeover

On February 27, 2005, the MTA Bus Company took over the operations of the Queens Surface routes, part of the city's takeover of all the remaining privately operated bus routes.^[34][35] Under the MTA, the Q25, Q34, and Q65 were extended from Jamaica Avenue to the Jamaica LIRR station on Sutphin Boulevard in 2007.^[36] Also in 2007, bidirectional limited-stop service was introduced on the Q65 during rush hours between Jamaica and Flushing – Main Street.^[37]

On April 15, 2013, Q65 Limited service began skipping two stops along College Point Boulevard, at 26th Avenue and the Whitestone Expressway.^[38] In 2014, the 164th Street corridor along with the Parsons/Kissena corridor and Main Street corridor were evaluated for a potential Select Bus Service (SBS) route between Flushing and Jamaica.^[39][40] The Q65 Limited was not selected for conversion; the Q44 Limited became the Q44 SBS on November 29, 2015,^[41] and the Q25 Limited was studied for future conversion.^[16] In September 2015, it was suggested to modify a small portion of the Q65 route near Flushing Cemetery, taking it off Bowne Street and moving it onto the wider Parsons Boulevard.^[16]

References

External links

• New York and Queens County Railway and the Steinway Lines, 1867-1939, Internet Archive