List of supercentenarians from the United States

Walter Breuning, April 8, 2010, the second-oldest American-born man on record

This article includes lists of supercentenarians from the United States, or people from the United States who have attained the age of at least 110 years. The Gerontology Research Group (GRG), an organization that tracks supercentenarians and validates longevity claims, has validated claims of over 700 American supercentenarians [1] and as of 14 February 2016, lists 13 living American supercentenarians.[2] The oldest living person from the United States is Susannah Mushatt Jones, aged 116 years, 223 days.[3] Jones also holds the record for the oldest living person in the world.[2] The oldest person ever from the United States was Sarah Knauss, who died on December 30, 1999 at age 119 years, 97 days.[4][5][6][7]

Living American supercentenarians

Below is a list of supercentenarians living in the United States.

Name Sex Birthdate Age as of 14 February 2016 Birthplace Residence
Susannah Mushatt Jones[2] F July 6, 1899 116 years, 223 days Alabama New York
Goldie Michelson[2] F August 8, 1902 113 years, 190 days Russia[lower-alpha 1] Massachusetts
Helen Wheat[2] F September 16, 1902 113 years, 151 days Pennsylvania Maryland
Adele Dunlap[2] F December 12, 1902 113 years, 64 days New Jersey New Jersey
Irene Ciuffoletti[2] F January 19, 1903 113 years, 26 days Italy Pennsylvania
Meta Dishman[2] F June 1, 1903 112 years, 258 days Virginia Virginia
Viola Jacobi[2] F July 25, 1903 112 years, 204 days Wisconsin Wisconsin
Delphine Gibson[2] F August 17, 1903 112 years, 181 days South Carolina Pennsylvania
Ila Jones[2] F August 21, 1903 112 years, 177 days Georgia Georgia
Foy Ingram[2] F November 28, 1903 112 years, 78 days North Carolina North Carolina
Ethel Boltz[2] F December 2, 1903 112 years, 74 days West Virginia West Virginia
Tameko Shijo[2] F January 1, 1904 112 years, 44 days Japan California
Fanny Thornton[8] F February 11, 1904 112 years, 3 days Georgia Georgia
Vera Van Wagner[2] F May 24, 1904 111 years, 266 days New York New York
Helma Graham[9] F June 28, 1904 111 years, 231 days New York Florida
Alberta Lyles[10] F August 20, 1904 111 years, 178 days North Carolina North Carolina
Lessie Brown[11] F September 22, 1904 111 years, 145 days Georgia Ohio
Emma Hough[12] F December 2, 1904 111 years, 74 days Iowa Iowa
Maggie Kidd[13] F December 8, 1904 111 years, 68 days Georgia Georgia
Veta[14] Walters[15] F December 14, 1904 111 years, 62 days Jamaica New York
Ruth Adler[16] F January 11, 1905 111 years, 34 days Illinois Illinois
Bessie Porter[17] F January 31, 1905 111 years, 14 days Alabama Michigan
Leta Nolen[18] F February 17, 1905 110 years, 362 days Arkansas Arkansas
Clarina Hudon[19][20] F March 4, 1905 110 years, 347 days Canada New Hampshire
Mary Spingola[21] F March 25, 1905 110 years, 326 days New York California
Tressa Bartholomew[22] F March 30, 1905 110 years, 321 days Iowa Iowa
Sarah Raymond[23] F April 16, 1905 110 years, 304 days Maryland New York
Katherine Bodenbender[24] F April 19, 1905 110 years, 301 days Germany Illinois
Felix Simoneaux[25] M May 24, 1905 110 years, 266 days Louisiana Louisiana
Mattie Cisrow[26] F May 30, 1905 110 years, 260 days Georgia Florida
Chrystal Harper[27] F June 28, 1905 110 years, 231 days Idaho Idaho
Clara Anderson[28] F July 2, 1905 110 years, 227 days Missouri Alaska
Alelia Murphy[29] F July 6, 1905 110 years, 223 days North Carolina New York
Roberta Farris[30] F July 19, 1905 110 years, 210 days Texas Texas
Molly Schmidt[31] F July 22, 1905 110 years, 207 days Canada Washington
Ruby Clodfelter[32] F July 26, 1905 110 years, 203 days North Carolina North Carolina
Agnes Fenton[33] F August 1, 1905 110 years, 197 days Mississippi New Jersey
Lena Dick[34] F August 5, 1905 110 years, 193 days Minnesota Minnesota
Armida Sholar[35] F August 9, 1905 110 years, 189 days South Carolina North Carolina
Hester Ford[36] F August 15, 1905 110 years, 183 days North Carolina North Carolina
Iris Westman F August 28, 1905 110 years, 170 days North Dakota North Dakota
Carlos Valenzuela Castro[37] M September 24, 1905 110 years, 143 days Peru New Jersey
Juliana Koo[38] F September 26, 1905 110 years, 141 days China New York
Mary Marsh[39] F October 8, 1905 110 years, 129 days Virginia Virginia
Frank Levingston[40][41][42][43] M November 13, 1905 110 years, 93 days North Carolina Louisiana
Maggie DeVane[44] F November 17, 1905 110 years, 89 days North Carolina North Carolina
Isabel Castano Restrepo[45] F January 11, 1906 110 years, 34 days Colombia Florida
Winonah Greene[46] F January 13, 1906 110 years, 32 days Florida Florida
Mamie Johnson[47] F January 13, 1906 110 years, 32 days Tennessee Tennessee
Ollie Roberts[48] F January 17, 1906 110 years, 28 days Kentucky Indiana
Melissa Traylor[49] F February 6, 1906 110 years, 8 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

100 longest lived Americans

Below is a list of the longest lived American supercentenarians according to the GRG.[50] Entries for living people are rendered in italics.

†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 14 February 2016

Rank Name Sex Day of Birth Day of death Age [†] Birthplace Place of death or residence
1 Sarah Knauss[1] F September 24, 1880 December 30, 1999 119 years, 97 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
2 Lucy Hannah[1] F July 16, 1875 March 21, 1993 117 years, 248 days Alabama Michigan
3 Gertrude Weaver[2] F July 4, 1898 April 6, 2015 116 years, 276 days Arkansas Arkansas
4 Susannah Mushatt Jones[2] F July 6, 1899 Living 116 years, 223 days Alabama Living in New York
5 Elizabeth Bolden[1] F August 15, 1890 December 11, 2006 116 years, 118 days Tennessee Tennessee
6 Besse Cooper[51] F August 26, 1896 December 4, 2012 116 years, 100 days Tennessee Georgia
7 Jeralean Talley[2] F May 23, 1899 June 17, 2015 116 years, 25 days Georgia Michigan
8 Maggie Barnes[1] F March 6, 1882 January 19, 1998 115 years, 319 days North Carolina North Carolina
9 Dina Manfredini[51] F April 4, 1897 December 17, 2012 115 years, 257 days Italy Iowa
10 Christian Mortensen[1] M August 16, 1882 April 25, 1998 115 years, 252 days Denmark California
11 Edna Parker[52] F April 20, 1893 November 26, 2008 115 years, 220 days Indiana Indiana
12 Margaret Skeete[1] F October 27, 1878 May 7, 1994 115 years, 192 days Texas Virginia
13 Bernice Madigan F July 24, 1899 January 3, 2015 115 years, 163 days Massachusetts Massachusetts
14 Gertrude Baines[53] F April 6, 1894 September 11, 2009 115 years, 158 days Georgia California
15 Bettie Wilson[1] F September 13, 1890 February 13, 2006 115 years, 153 days Mississippi Mississippi
16 Susie Gibson[1] F October 31, 1890 February 16, 2006 115 years, 108 days Mississippi Alabama
17 Augusta Holtz[2] F August 3, 1871 October 21, 1986 115 years, 79 days Prussia[lower-alpha 2] Missouri
18 Maude Farris-Luse[1] F January 21, 1887 March 18, 2002 115 years, 56 days Michigan Michigan
19 Antonia Gerena Rivera[2] F May 19, 1900 June 2, 2015 115 years, 14 days Puerto Rico Florida
20 Mary Bidwell[1] F May 19, 1881 April 25, 1996 114 years, 342 days Connecticut Connecticut
21 Mary Josephine Ray[54] F May 17, 1895 March 7, 2010 114 years, 294 days Canada New Hampshire
22 Goldie Steinberg[2] F October 30, 1900 August 16, 2015 114 years, 290 days Moldova[lower-alpha 3] New York
23 Neva Morris[54] F August 3, 1895 April 6, 2010 114 years, 246 days Iowa Iowa
24 Blanche Cobb F September 8, 1900 May 1, 2015 114 years, 235 days Georgia Florida
25 Mathew Beard[1] M July 9, 1870 February 16, 1985 114 years, 222 days Virginia Florida
26 Carrie Lazenby[1] F February 9, 1882 September 14, 1996 114 years, 218 days Georgia Illinois
27 Myrtle Dorsey[1] F November 22, 1885 June 25, 2000 114 years, 216 days Ohio Ohio
28 Walter Breuning[55] M September 21, 1896 April 14, 2011 114 years, 205 days Minnesota Montana
29 Eunice Sanborn[55] F July 20, 1896 January 31, 2011 114 years, 195 days Louisiana Texas
30 Grace Clawson[1] F November 15, 1887 May 28, 2002 114 years, 194 days United Kingdom New York
31 Wilhelmina Kott[1] F March 7, 1880 September 6, 1994 114 years, 183 days Illinois Illinois
Adelina Domingues[1] F February 19, 1888 August 21, 2002 114 years, 183 days Cape Verde[lower-alpha 4] California
33 Charlotte Benkner[1] F November 26, 1889 May 14, 2004 114 years, 180 days Germany Ohio
34 Ettie Mae Greene[1] F September 8, 1877 February 26, 1992 114 years, 171 days West Virginia West Virginia
35 Dominga Velasco[2] F May 12, 1901 October 11, 2015 114 years, 152 days Mexico California
36 Irene Frank[1] F October 1, 1881 February 28, 1996 114 years, 150 days Texas Missouri
37 Olivia Patricia Thomas[53] F June 29, 1895 November 16, 2009 114 years, 140 days Iowa New York
38 Anna Henderson[2] F March 5, 1900 July 1, 2014 114 years, 118 days Georgia Pennsylvania
39 Emma Verona Johnston[1] F August 6, 1890 December 1, 2004 114 years, 117 days Iowa Ohio
Mamie Rearden F September 7, 1898 January 2, 2013 114 years, 117 days South Carolina Georgia
41 Bettie Chatmon[1] F April 30, 1884 August 16, 1998 114 years, 108 days Louisiana Texas
42 Odie Matthews[1] F December 28, 1878 April 14, 1993 114 years, 107 days Texas Arizona
43 Florence Knapp[1] F October 10, 1873 January 11, 1988 114 years, 93 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
Elena Slough[1] F July 4, 1889 October 5, 2003 114 years, 93 days Pennsylvania New Jersey
45 Mary Anna Boone[1] F February 10, 1887 May 13, 2001 114 years, 92 days Kentucky Kentucky
46 Delma Kollar[51] F October 31, 1897 January 24, 2012 114 years, 85 days Kansas Oregon
47 Maggie Renfro[54] F November 14, 1895 January 22, 2010 114 years, 69 days Louisiana Louisiana
48 Emma Tillman[1] F November 22, 1892 January 28, 2007 114 years, 67 days North Carolina Connecticut
Anna Stoehr[2] F October 15, 1900 December 21, 2014 114 years, 67 days Iowa Minnesota
50 Leila Denmark[51] F February 1, 1898 April 1, 2012 114 years, 60 days Georgia Georgia
51 Naomi Conner[2] F August 30, 1899 October 18, 2013 114 years, 49 days Texas [56] Texas
Ora Holland[2] F December 24, 1900 February 11, 2015 114 years, 49 days Missouri Oklahoma
53 Grace Thaxton[1] F June 18, 1891 July 6, 2005 114 years, 18 days New York Kentucky
54 Soledad Mexia[2] F August 13, 1899 August 30, 2013 114 years, 17 days Mexico California
55 Minnie Ward[1] F November 19, 1885 December 2, 1999 114 years, 13 days Tennessee Massachusetts
56 Arbella Ewing[52] F March 13, 1894 March 22, 2008 114 years, 9 days Texas Texas
57 Catherine Hagel[52] F November 28, 1894 December 6, 2008 114 years, 8 days Minnesota Minnesota
58 Emma Otis[2] F October 22, 1901 October 25, 2015 114 years, 3 days Washington Washington
59 Fred Hale[1] M December 1, 1890 November 19, 2004 113 years, 354 days Maine New York
60 Miriam Carpelan[57] F July 8, 1882 June 22, 1996 113 years, 350 days United Kingdom California
Elsie Thompson[2] F April 5, 1899 March 21, 2013 113 years, 350 days Pennsylvania Florida
62 Bertha Fry[58] F December 1, 1893 November 14, 2007 113 years, 348 days Indiana Indiana
63 Mae Harrington[1] F January 20, 1889 December 29, 2002 113 years, 343 days New York New York
64 Daisey Bailey[54] F March 30, 1896 March 7, 2010 113 years, 342 days Tennessee Michigan
65 Agatha Mitchell[1] F March 26, 1887 February 25, 2001 113 years, 336 days Virginia Virginia
66 Clara Huhn[1] F January 28, 1887 December 20, 2000 113 years, 327 days Nebraska California
67 Corinne Dixon Taylor[1] F April 2, 1893 February 14, 2007 113 years, 318 days District of Columbia District of Columbia
68 Mary Christian[1] F June 12, 1889 April 20, 2003 113 years, 312 days Massachusetts California
69 Ruth Newman[2] F September 23, 1901 July 29, 2015 113 years, 309 days California California
70 Evelyn Kozak[2] F August 14, 1899 June 11, 2013 113 years, 301 days New York New York
71 Louisiana Hines[2] F April 13, 1899 February 1, 2013 113 years, 294 days Alabama Michigan
72 Mississippi Winn[55] F March 31, 1897 January 14, 2011 113 years, 289 days Louisiana Louisiana
73 Fannie Thomas[1] F April 14, 1867 January 22, 1981 113 years, 283 days Illinois California
74 Opal Thompson[2] F January 13, 1901 October 20, 2014 113 years, 280 days Oklahoma California
75 Johnson Parks[1] M October 15, 1884 July 17, 1998 113 years, 275 days Georgia Florida
76 Mary Parr[1] F January 29, 1889 October 29, 2002 113 years, 273 days Indiana Florida
77 Beatrice Farve[53] F April 30, 1895 January 19, 2009 113 years, 264 days Georgia Georgia
78 Amalia Barone[1] F October 6, 1884 June 26, 1998 113 years, 263 days Italy Connecticut
79 Zora Wriggle[1] F February 24, 1880 November 7, 1993 113 years, 256 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
80 John Ingram McMorran[1] M June 19, 1889 February 24, 2003 113 years, 250 days Michigan Florida
81 Mary McKinney[1] F May 30, 1873 February 2, 1987 113 years, 248 days California California
82 Ella Schuler[55] F September 5, 1897 May 7, 2011 113 years, 244 days Nebraska Kansas
83 Gladys Swetland[1] F April 18, 1892 December 14, 2005 113 years, 240 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
84 Mary Randall[1] F April 1, 1887 November 12, 2000 113 years, 225 days Arkansas Texas
85 Delina Filkins[1] F May 4, 1815 December 4, 1928 113 years, 214 days New York New York
86 Mary Kelly[59] F June 7, 1851 December 30, 1964 113 years, 206 days Michigan California
87 Nelle Hunt[1] F July 28, 1887 February 8, 2001 113 years, 195 days Missouri Missouri
Helen Stetter[58] F November 18, 1893 June 1, 2007 113 years, 195 days Nebraska Nebraska
89 Goldie Michelson[2] F August 8, 1902 Living 113 years, 190 days Russia[lower-alpha 5] Living in Massachusetts
90 Carrie Hardrick[1] F November 6, 1887 May 14, 2001 113 years, 189 days Texas Texas
91 Mamie Eva Keith[1] F March 22, 1873 September 20, 1986 113 years, 182 days Illinois Illinois
92 Beryl Kapaun[51] F June 4, 1899 November 7, 2012 113 years, 156 days South Dakota South Dakota
93 Emma Wilson[1] F May 12, 1870 October 13, 1983 113 years, 154 days Missouri Missouri
94 Jane Markle[1] F October 10, 1883 March 12, 1997 113 years, 153 days Pennsylvania Pennsylvania
95 Helen Wheat[2] F September 16, 1902 Living 113 years, 151 days Pennsylvania Living in Maryland
96 Frances Street[54] F March 28, 1897 August 24, 2010 113 years, 149 days South Carolina North Carolina
97 Kathleen Snavely F February 16, 1902 July 6, 2015 113 years, 140 days Ireland New York
98 Frederick Frazier[1] M January 27, 1880 June 14, 1993 113 years, 138 days Alabama Alabama
99 Gertrude Croker[1] F July 12, 1881 November 26, 1994 113 years, 137 days Iowa Vermont
100 Cleo Craig[1] F February 12, 1890 June 28, 2003 113 years, 136 days Illinois Illinois

American emigrant supercentenarians over 113-years-old

Below is a list of supercentenarians at least 113 years old who were born in the United States and who are living in or died in another country. Entries for living people are rendered in italics.

Rank Name Sex Birth date Death date Age [†] State of birth Country of death
1 Merle Barwis[2] F December 23, 1900 November 22, 2014 113 years, 334 days Iowa Canada
2 Marie Josephine Gaudette[2] F March 25, 1902 Living 113 years, 326 days New Hampshire Living in Italy
3 Cora Hansen[51] F March 25, 1899 April 18, 2012 113 years, 24 days Minnesota Canada

Oldest American by state

This is a list of the oldest people (women and men) by birth from each U.S. state. States farther west have fewer verified recordholders.[60][61] Entries for living people are rendered in italics.

The list is based on modern state borders. Some of the supercentenarians were born before the state's admission to the Union.

State Name Sex Birth date Death date Age at death
Alabama Lucy Hannah F July 16, 1875 March 21, 1993 117 years, 248 days[60]
Frederick Frazier M January 27, 1880 June 14, 1993 113 years, 138 days[60]
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas Gertrude Weaver F July 4, 1898 April 6, 2015 116 years, 276 days
California Christian Mortensen M August 16, 1882 April 25, 1998 115 years, 252 days[60]
Colorado Frankie Jones F November 16, 1892 January 31, 2004 111 years, 76 days
Connecticut Mary Bidwell F May 19, 1881 April 25, 1996 114 years, 342 days
Delaware Myrtle Clifton F November 19, 1902 July 12, 2014 111 years, 235 days
District of Columbia Corinne Dixon Taylor F April 2, 1893 February 14, 2007 113 years, 318 days
Ernest Pusey M May 5, 1895 November 19, 2006 111 years, 198 days
Florida Onie Ponder F September 3, 1898 December 31, 2010 112 years, 119 days
Georgia Jeralean Talley F May 23, 1899 June 17, 2015 116 years, 25 days
Johnson Parks M October 15, 1884 July 17, 1998 113 years, 275 days
Hawaii
Idaho Elsie Golcher F November 29, 1891 March 2, 2003 111 years, 93 days
Illinois Wilhelmina Kott F March 7, 1880 September 6, 1994 114 years, 183 days
Walter Richardson M November 7, 1885 December 25, 1998 113 years, 48 days
Indiana Edna Parker F April 20, 1893 November 26, 2008 115 years, 220 days
Shelby Harris M March 31, 1901 July 25, 2012 111 years, 116 days
Iowa Neva Morris F August 3, 1895 April 6, 2010 114 years, 246 days
Earl Brush M July 17, 1893 January 10, 2005 111 years, 177 days
Kansas Delma Kollar F October 31, 1897 January 24, 2012 114 years, 85 days
Benjamin Harrison Holcomb M July 3, 1889 December 2, 2000 111 years, 152 days
Kentucky Mary Anna Boone F February 10, 1887 May 13, 2001 114 years, 92 days
Louisiana Eunice Sanborn F July 20, 1896 January 31, 2011 114 years, 195 days
George Francis M June 6, 1896 December 27, 2008 112 years, 204 days
Maine Fred Hale M December 1, 1890 November 19, 2004 113 years, 354 days
Edna Bowman F June 3, 1901 April 19, 2014 112 years, 320 days
Maryland Bina Harbaugh F December 1, 1887 September 1, 1999 111 years, 274 days
Zachariah Blackistone M February 16, 1871 April 18, 1982 111 years, 61 days
Massachusetts Bernice Madigan F July 24, 1899 January 3, 2015 115 years, 163 days
Michigan Maude Farris-Luse F January 21, 1887 March 18, 2002 115 years, 56 days
John Ingram McMorran M June 19, 1889 February 24, 2003 113 years, 250 days
Minnesota Walter Breuning M September 21, 1896 April 14, 2011 114 years, 205 days
Catherine Hagel F November 28, 1894 December 6, 2008 114 years, 8 days
Mississippi Bettie Wilson F September 13, 1890 February 13, 2006 115 years, 153 days
Moses Hardy M January 6, 1894 December 7, 2006 112 years, 335 days
Missouri Ora Holland F December 24, 1900 February 11, 2015 114 years, 49 days
Montana Emma Taylor F September 1, 1891 June 24, 2003 111 years, 282 days
Nebraska Clara Huhn F January 28, 1887 December 20, 2000 113 years, 327 days
Luther Goding M July 1, 1884 December 5, 1995 111 years, 157 days
Nevada
New Hampshire Nellie Spencer F August 24, 1869 November 13, 1982 113 years, 81 days
New Jersey Adele Dunlap F December 12, 1902 Living 113 years, 64 days
Alphaeus Philemon Cole M July 12, 1876 November 25, 1988 112 years, 136 days
New Mexico Dora McRae F August 29, 1899 September 10, 2010 111 years, 28 days
New York Grace Thaxton F June 18, 1891 July 6, 2005 114 years, 18 days
North Carolina Maggie Barnes F March 6, 1882 January 19, 1998 115 years, 319 days
North Dakota Mary Schumacher F August 29, 1898 October 29, 2009 111 years, 61 days
Ohio Myrtle Dorsey F November 22, 1885 June 25, 2000 114 years, 216 days
Walter H. Seward M October 13, 1896 September 14, 2008 111 years, 337 days
Oklahoma Opal Thompson F January 13, 1901 October 20, 2014 113 years, 280 days
Oregon Geneva McNicholl F December 10, 1889 January 22, 2002 112 years, 43 days
Pennsylvania Sarah Knauss F September 24, 1880 December 30, 1999 119 years, 97 days[60]
George Johnson M May 1, 1894 August 30, 2006 112 years, 121 days
Rhode Island Lydia Carvalho F January 21, 1892 February 15, 2004 112 years, 25 days
South Carolina Mamie Rearden F September 7, 1898 January 2, 2013 114 years, 117 days
South Dakota Beryl Kapaun F June 4, 1899 November 7, 2012 113 years, 156 days
Tennessee Elizabeth Bolden F August 15, 1890 December 11, 2006 116 years, 118 days
John Painter M September 20, 1888 March 1, 2001 112 years, 162 days
Texas Margaret Skeete F October 27, 1878 May 7, 1994 115 years, 192 days
William Fullingim M July 7, 1855 August 6, 1965 110 years, 30 days
Utah Cleo Hinckley F October 13, 1890 September 30, 2002 111 years, 352 days
Vermont Jessica Swift F September 17, 1871 January 2, 1982 110 years, 107 days
Virginia Mathew Beard M July 9, 1870 February 16, 1985 114 years, 222 days
Agatha Mitchell F March 26, 1887 February 25, 2001 113 years, 336 days
Washington Emma Otis F October 22, 1901 October 25, 2015 114 years, 3 days
West Virginia Ettie Mae Greene F September 8, 1877 February 26, 1992 114 years, 171 days
Wisconsin Bertha Harris F January 3, 1902 March 3, 2015 113 years, 59 days
Wyoming

Territories

Territory Name Sex Birth date Death date Age at death
Puerto Rico Emiliano Mercado del Toro M August 21, 1891 January 24, 2007 115 years, 156 days
Antonia Gerena Rivera F May 19, 1900 June 2, 2015 115 years, 14 days

Chronological list of the oldest living person in the United States since 1974

From To Name Sex Reported age(s)
when oldest		 Reported lifespan State of death
Unidentified May 18, 1974 Clarida Roy[1] F ? – 110 October 19, 1863 – May 18, 1974
110 years, 211 days		 Maine
May 18, 1974 August 5, 1976
(2 years, 80 days)		 Mary Bittlebrun[1][62] F 110 – 112 March 19, 1864 – August 6, 1976
112 years, 140 days		 Arkansas
August 6, 1976 December 2, 1977
(1 year, 118 days)		 Sophia DeMuth[1][63] F 110 – 111 June 30, 1866 – December 2, 1977
111 years, 155 days		 Nebraska
December 2, 1977 January 22, 1981
(3 years, 51 days)		 Fannie Thomas[64][1] F 110 – 113 April 14, 1867 – January 22, 1981
113 years, 283 days		 California
January 22, 1981 November 13, 1982
(1 year, 295 days)		 Nellie Spencer[1] F 111 – 113 August 24, 1869 – November 13, 1982
113 years, 81 days		 New Jersey
November 13, 1982 October 13, 1983
(334 days)		 Emma Wilson[1] F 112 – 113 May 12, 1870 – October 13, 1983
113 years, 154 days		 Missouri
October 13, 1983 February 16, 1985
(1 year, 126 days)		 Mathew Beard[1] M 113 – 114 July 9, 1870 – February 16, 1985
114 years, 222 days		 Florida
February 16, 1985 October 21, 1986
(1 year, 247 days)		 Augusta Holtz[1] F 113 – 115 August 3, 1871 – October 21, 1986
115 years, 79 days		 Missouri
October 21, 1986 February 2, 1987
(104 days)		 Mary McKinney[1] F 113 May 30, 1873 – February 2, 1987
113 years, 248 days		 California
February 2, 1987 January 11, 1988
(343 days)		 Florence Knapp[1] F 113 – 114 October 10, 1873 – January 11, 1988
114 years, 93 days		 Pennsylvania
January 11, 1988 March 21, 1993
(5 years, 69 days)		 Lucy Hannah[65] F 112 – 117 July 16, 1875 – March 21, 1993
117 years, 248 days		 Michigan
March 21, 1993 May 7, 1994
(1 year, 47 days)		 Margaret Skeete[66] F 114 – 115 October 27, 1878 – May 7, 1994
115 years, 192 days		 Virginia
May 7, 1994 September 6, 1994
(122 days)		 Wilhelmina Kott[67] F 114 March 7, 1880 – September 6, 1994
114 years, 183 days		 Illinois
September 6, 1994 December 30, 1999
(5 years, 115 days)		 Sarah Knauss[7] F 113 – 119 September 24, 1880 – December 30, 1999
119 years, 97 days		 Pennsylvania
December 30, 1999 June 25, 2000
(178 days)		 Myrtle Dorsey[1] F 114 November 22, 1885 – June 25, 2000
114 years, 216 days		 Ohio
June 25, 2000 March 18, 2002
(1 year, 266 days)		 Maude Farris-Luse[1] F 113 – 115 January 21, 1887 – March 18, 2002
115 years, 56 days		 Michigan
March 18, 2002 May 28, 2002
(71 days)		 Grace Clawson[1] F 114 November 15, 1887 – May 28, 2002
114 years, 194 days		 Florida
May 28, 2002 August 21, 2002
(85 days)		 Adelina Domingues[1] F 114 February 19, 1888 – August 21, 2002
114 years, 183 days		 California
August 21, 2002 December 29, 2002
(130 days)		 Mae Harrington[1] F 113 January 20, 1889 – December 29, 2002
113 years, 343 days		 New York
December 29, 2002 April 20, 2003
(112 days)		 Mary Christian[68] F 113 June 12, 1889 – April 20, 2003
113 years, 312 days		 California
April 20, 2003 October 5, 2003
(168 days)		 Elena Slough[69] F 113 – 114 July 4, 1889 – October 5, 2003
114 years, 93 days		 New Jersey
October 5, 2003 May 14, 2004
(222 days)		 Charlotte Benkner[1] F 113 – 114 November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004
114 years, 180 days		 Ohio
May 14, 2004 December 1, 2004
(201 days)		 Emma Verona Johnston[70] F 113 – 114 August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004
114 years, 117 days		 Ohio
December 1, 2004 December 11, 2006
(2 years, 10 days)		 Elizabeth Bolden[1] F 114 – 116 August 15, 1890 – December 11, 2006
116 years, 118 days		 Tennessee
December 11, 2006 January 28, 2007
(48 days)		 Emma Tillman[1] F 114 November 22, 1892 – January 28, 2007
114 years, 67 days		 Connecticut
January 28, 2007 February 14, 2007
(17 days)		 Corinne Dixon Taylor[1][71] F 113 April 2, 1893 – February 14, 2007
113 years, 318 days		 District of Columbia
February 14, 2007 November 26, 2008
(1 year, 286 days)		 Edna Parker[1] F 113 – 115 April 20, 1893 – November 26, 2008
115 years, 220 days		 Indiana
November 26, 2008 September 11, 2009
(289 days)		 Gertrude Baines F 114 – 115 April 6, 1894 – September 11, 2009
115 years, 158 days		 California
September 11, 2009 March 7, 2010
(177 days)		 Mary Josephine Ray F 114 May 17, 1895 – March 7, 2010
114 years, 294 days		 New Hampshire
March 7, 2010 April 6, 2010
(30 days)		 Neva Morris F 114 August 3, 1895 – April 6, 2010
114 years, 246 days		 Iowa
April 6, 2010 January 31, 2011
(300 days)		 Eunice Sanborn F 113 – 114 July 20, 1896 – January 31, 2011
114 years, 195 days		 Texas
January 31, 2011 December 4, 2012
(1 year, 308 days)		 Besse Cooper F 114 – 116 August 26, 1896 – December 4, 2012
116 years, 100 days		 Georgia
December 4, 2012 December 17, 2012
(13 days)		 Dina Manfredini F 115 April 4, 1897 – December 17, 2012
115 years, 257 days		 Iowa
December 17, 2012 April 6, 2015
(2 years, 110 days)		 Gertrude Weaver F 114 – 116 July 4, 1898 – April 6, 2015
116 years, 276 days		 Arkansas
April 6, 2015 June 17, 2015
(72 days)		 Jeralean Talley F 115 – 116 May 23, 1899 – June 17, 2015
116 years, 25 days		 Michigan
June 17, 2015 Present
(242 days)		 Susannah Mushatt Jones F 115 – 116* born July 6, 1899
aged 116 years, 223 days		 New York

People

Ann Pouder

Photo of Ann Pouder published in National Geographic, June 1919.

Ann Pouder née Ann Alexander Poudar (London, United Kingdom April 8, 1807 – Baltimore, Maryland, United States July 10, 1917) was one of the first modernly recognized supercentenarians. Her age at death was 110 years, 93 days.[72]

When Pouder was twelve years old, her family immigrated to the United States. There she lived the following 98 years of her life in Baltimore, Maryland. She married, although became a widow very early and had no children. Her extreme longevity claim was certified by Alexander Graham Bell.[73] In her last few months, she was bedridden, blind, and almost deaf, but her mind remained sharp.[74]

Florence Knapp

Florence Knapp (October 10, 1873 – January 11, 1988) was, for the last two weeks of her life, recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the oldest person in the world.[75]

Born in Lansdale, Pennsylvania, she lived in nearby Montgomery Square much of her life and came from a large and long-lived family, eight of her siblings dying in their 80s and 90s and one sister reaching age 108.

By October 1987, when she was honored by the Pennsylvania legislature, she was recognized by Guinness as the oldest person in the United States, and the death of Anna Eliza Williams on December 27, 1987, meant that Knapp became the oldest verified recognized living person. Her death, aged 114 years 93 days, just 15 days after meant that she never appeared in a Guinness Book as the oldest living person.

Her death caused some confusion as to who her successor was, with Guinness recognition and press publicity alighting first on Orpha Nusbaum (August 1875 – March 1988), who died before the 1989 edition's deadline, then Birdie May Vogt (August 1876 – July 1989), who appeared in the 1989 edition's main text, then Jeanne Calment, mentioned in the addenda section, and finally in November 1988 on Carrie C. White, whose claim to birth in November 1874 was accepted. However, with recent census research calling White's authentication into question, Calment may very well have been Florence Knapp's actual immediate successor.

Ettie Mae Greene

Ettie Mae Greene née Thomas (September 8, 1877 – February 26, 1992) was an American supercentenarian who was recognized by Guinness World Records as the 'oldest living American' in 1991 (later, the SSA study would replace her with Lucy Hannah, who was apparently older). She was born in Wayside, West Virginia, and worked as a seamstress and a farmer.[76] Greene died of a cold at the Springfield Comprehensive Care Center in Springfield, West Virginia. At the time of her death at the age of 114 years 171 days, she had nine children (four of whom she had outlived), 21 grandchildren, 47 great-grandchildren and 37 great-great-grandchildren.[76] She still holds the record for being the oldest person in the state of West Virginia.

Wilhelmina Kott

Wilhelmina Kott née Geringer (March 7, 1880 – September 6, 1994)[77] was an American supercentenarian recognized by Guinness World Records as the 'oldest living American' in its 1995 edition,[67] following the death of Margaret Skeete. She was born in Peru, Illinois, as one of 16 children to George and Sophia Geringer. She moved to Chicago in 1881, where she lived almost her entire life. She married Charles Kott in 1899.[67] She died on September 6, 1994, aged 114 years 183 days.

Mary Bidwell

Mary Electa Bidwell née Nobel (May 19, 1881– April 25, 1996)[78] was an American supercentenarian. She died at age 114 years 342 days on April 25, 1996. She is the oldest person ever to die in Connecticut.[79][80][81]

Her parents were Charles Woodruff Bidwell and Alice Beach Nobel.[80] She was a descendant of John Bidwell, one of the founders of Hartford, Connecticut. Bidwell worked as a teacher in a one-room school house for six years. She married Charles Hubbell Bidwell, a distant cousin, in 1906.[79]

Bidwell lived on her own in North Haven, Connecticut, until she was 110. Bidwell died at the Arden House, a nursing home in Hamden, Connecticut.[78][81]

Maggie Barnes

Maggie Pauline Barnes née Hinnant (March 6, 1882 – January 19, 1998)[82] was an American supercentenarian. She was a resident of Johnston County, North Carolina. Barnes died from complications following a minor foot infection.[83] Barnes, who was born to a slave and married a tenant farmer, was survived by four children; 11 of her children preceded her in death.[83]

Some dispute exists as to her date of birth. Though the 1882 date is written in the family's bible, the 1900 US Census lists her as having been born in 1881, and her marriage license says she was born in 1880.[83] Authenticating to the latest of those dates, Barnes was 115 years, 319 days old when she died.

Barnes is the oldest person ever in U.S. state of North Carolina on record.

Clara Huhn

Clara Huhn née Herling (January 28, 1887 – December 20, 2000)[84] was an American homemaker and supercentenarian. Born in a home near Clarkson, Nebraska, she lived near Schuyler for most of her life. She remained active, healthy and independent until the last few months of her life, and even answered an interview just before her 113th birthday. At age 113 years, 327 days, she is the oldest person on record born in Nebraska, but she was not the oldest person on record to die in that particular state, since she died in La Mesa, California. The title of the oldest person on record to die in Nebraska belongs to Helen Stetter, who died on June 1, 2007, at age 113 years, 195 days.[85]

Delvina Dahlheimer

Mary Delvina Dahlheimer née Morissette (December 31, 1888[86] – March 13, 2002)[87] was an American supercentenarian. Delvina lived alone until entering Guardian Angels Care Center at age 101, where she lived out the rest of her days.[87] Dahlheimer's Minnesota state record title, 113 years 72 days, was surpassed by Catherine Hagel on February 9, 2008. Incidentally, Hagel was the sister-in-law of Dahlheimer.

Mae Harrington

Mae Harrington née Maxwell (January 20, 1889 – December 29, 2002) was an American supercentenarian who became the world's oldest living person upon the death of Adelina Domingues. Harrington was also the oldest living American and the oldest person ever from the state of New York, breaking the record held since the 1920s by then world's oldest person Delina Filkins, also 113, but her own record was subsequently broken on May 28, 2005 by Grace Thaxton, who was born in the state before moving to and dying in Kentucky. Because her age was not authenticated during her lifetime, the public recognition she was due went to another 113-year-old, Mary Parr (January 29, 1889 – October 29, 2002), who was born nine days after her, dying two months before her, as her age was only validated posthumously.[88]

After Harrington's death aged 113 years 343 days, Mary Christian became the oldest living person in the United States, and Yukichi Chuganji became the oldest living person.

Mary Christian

Mary Dorothy Christian (née Perry, June 12, 1889 – April 20, 2003) was an American supercentenarian who became the oldest recognized person in the United States at age 113 upon the death of 113-year-old Mae Harrington and was succeeded in this title by another 113-year-old, Elena Slough. Perry was born in Taunton, Massachusetts to parents whose name had been anglicized from Perreira (she was of Portuguese descent). She spent much of her life in California, where she died in a San Pablo, California nursing home at 113 years and 312 days.[68][89]

Elena Slough

Elena Proctor Slough née Rodenbaugh (July 4, 1889 – October 5, 2003)[69] was the oldest recognized person in the United States from the death of Mary Christian on April 20, 2003, until Slough's own death, aged 114 years 93 days, six months later. After her death, the oldest recognized person in the United States was Charlotte Benkner.[69]

Some sources date her birth to 1888, but the oldest records state that she was born in 1889.[90]

Charlotte Benkner

Charlotte Benkner (née Enterlein; November 16, 1889 – May 14, 2004)[91][92][93][94] was an American supercentenarian and the oldest verified living person from November 2003 until sufficient documentation was found to validate the age of Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan of Puerto Rico in March 2004.[91] The subsequent recognition of María Capovilla of Ecuador in December 2005 moved Benkner down to third place at the time of her death,[92][93] but she is still the oldest verified German-born person.

Benkner was born in Leipzig, Germany, and emigrated to the U.S. in 1896. She grew up in Peekskill, New York, where her family ran the Albert Hotel, and as a young woman once met then President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt.[94][95] On her 1908 marriage to Karl Benkner, she moved west, living in Pennsylvania and Ohio before retiring to Arizona. Already a supercentenarian and the oldest person in Arizona, Benkner returned to Ohio to live in North Lima.[94] She became the oldest recognized person in the United States when 114-year-old Elena Slough died in October 2003.[69] She lived with her sister Tillie O'Hare (the youngest of the siblings), whom she once cared for when their parents were running the hotel, until Tillie (born February 15, 1904) died, just three weeks shy of becoming a centenarian, on January 25, 2004.[95] Benkner survived her sister by only four months, dying at age 114 years 180 days after she was briefly hospitalized in Youngstown, Ohio, and was buried in Peekskill.[91][92]

Consuelo Moreno-López

Consuelo Moreno-López (February 5, 1893 – November 13, 2004) was born in Northern Morocco. She later emigrated to the United States in 1960. She died stateside, aged 111 years and 282 days, as the result of an adverse reaction to a flu shot. Moreno-López holds the longevity record for Morocco, which declared its independence in 1955.[96][97]

Emma Verona Johnston

Emma Verona Johnston (née Calhoun) (August 6, 1890 – December 1, 2004) was an American supercentenarian recognized as the "oldest living American" from May 2004 until her death at age 114 years 117 days. Johnston was born in Indianola, Iowa to a large family.[98] She was the oldest living graduate of Drake University, where she was a member of the Class of 1912.[99]

At age 98, she moved from Iowa to Ohio in order to live with her daughter and son-in-law. She continued to be in good health even when she attained supercentenarian status, being able to walk up steps and alert and able to engage in conversations.[2]

Charlotte Benkner's death on May 14, 2004 left Johnston as the oldest documented person in the United States, and the death of Puerto Rican Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan on May 29, 2004 left her third-oldest recognized person in the world behind Ecuadorian María Capovilla and Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper of the Netherlands. She died in Worthington, Ohio on December 1, 2004.[98]

Grace Thaxton

Grace Thaxton née Menges (June 18, 1891 – July 6, 2005) was a supercentenarian, the oldest person in Kentucky, the fourth-oldest person in the U.S. and the seventh-oldest documented person in the world at the time of her death. She also became New York state's all-time recordholder on May 28, 2005, aged 113 years 344 days, breaking the record set by Mae Harrington in December 2002.[100] Thaxton died several weeks later on July 6, 2005, aged 114 years 18 days.

Thaxton almost lived to see her son Robert (1915–2011) turn 90 on July 12, 2005. Thaxton's mother (1860–1969) lived to 109.[101]

Bettie Wilson

Bettie Antry Wilson née Rutherford (September 13, 1890 – February 13, 2006)[102] was thought to be the oldest verified living person in the United States upon the death of 114-year-old Emma Verona Johnston on December 1, 2004. Until the subsequent verification of Elizabeth Bolden. Both were born in the rural South—where they lived less than 100 miles apart.

Born of freed slaves, Solomon and Delia Rutherford, she is the oldest resident of the state of Mississippi ever recorded (the previous record was 113 years, 12 days set in 1994). In late April 2005, Wilson moved into a new home funded by donations.

Wilson celebrated her 115th birthday in September 2005, at which time she ranked as the third-oldest living person in the world.

Wilson died at her New Albany home on February 13, 2006, aged 115 years, 153 days. She was survived by her son, five grandchildren, 46 great-grandchildren, 95 great-great-grandchildren and 38 great-great-great grandchildren.[102]

Thomas Nelson, Sr.

Thomas D. Nelson, Sr. (July 8, 1895 – January 9, 2007) was, at age 111, the oldest living man in the United States and the second-oldest man in the world from December 7, 2006 (the death of Moses Hardy), for one month until his own death, aged 111 years 185 days.

He had been living in Port Arthur, Texas, since the early 1930s. He opened a candy shop in the mid-1930s, and worked there for more than 60 years.[103][104]

Arbella Ewing

Arbella Ewing (née Perkins) (March 13, 1894 – March 22, 2008)[105][106] was, at the time of her death at age 114, the the third-oldest living person in the world behind Edna Parker of United States and Maria de Jesus of Portugal, the second-oldest person in the United States and the oldest living African American.[107]

Ewing, the fourth of 12 children, grew up in Streetman, Texas, and married Frank Ewing in 1915, after which she moved to South Dallas. Her former house is still located in South Dallas today. She had a sister named Annie, who was born in 1904 and was 103 at the time of her death. When she was an adult, she worked in a local bikeshop in Streetman. Her great-grandparents were slaves in Mississippi. After marrying Frank Ewing, they had a daughter, named Claudia, who died in 1970. The Ewing family stated she was a gem in the family according to The Dallas Morning News. She lived in her own home in Dallas until the age of 113, after breaking her hip at her birthday party, she was moved into a personal care home, where she eventually died nine days after having reached the age of 114. The people close to her attributed her longevity to positive thinking.[107][108][109]

Walter H. Seward

Walter H. Seward on September 16, 2007, less than one month before his 111th birthday and almost exactly a year before his death

Walter Hamilton Seward (October 13, 1896 – September 14, 2008) was ranked as the third-oldest verified man living in the United States, the sixth-oldest man in the world and the verified oldest recognized living person in New Jersey at the time of his death, aged 111 years 337 days.

Seward was raised in Toledo, Ohio, and moved to Vineland, New Jersey, while he was in high school. He was a 1917 graduate of Rutgers University and a 1924 graduate of Harvard Law School. He practiced law through his 90s. Seward died on September 14, 2008 at age 111 years and 11 months from a blood infection that weakened his heart.[110][111]

George Francis

George Rene Francis (June 6, 1896 – December 27, 2008)[112][113][114] was an American supercentenarian and the joint second-oldest living man in the world, together with Englishman Henry Allingham, until Francis's death aged 112 years, 204 days. He was also the oldest living man in the United States, following the death of Antonio Pierro on February 8, 2007. Francis was from New Orleans, Louisiana, but since 1949 lived in Sacramento, California, where a local newspaper published a poem that Francis enjoyed reciting to friends and the public throughout his life.[115] He credited his longevity to nature, and enjoyed a rich diet of pork, eggs, milk and lard. He gave up smoking cigars at the age of 75.[116]

Francis attempted to join the army in World War I but was rejected for service in 1918 as being too short and small (he weighed only about 100 pounds (45.35 kg)). Despite this, he later was a boxer before becoming a barber and then a chauffeur.[112] Francis claimed to have met Louis Armstrong and Booker T. Washington and to have seen Babe Ruth hit a home run. His wife died in 1964.

Olivia Patricia Thomas

Olivia Patricia Thomas née Trevellyan (June 29, 1895 – November 16, 2009) was, at age 114 years 140 days, the world's third oldest verified living person,[117] following the death of Gertrude Baines on September 11, 2009. Thomas was the second oldest American (and the oldest born in the United States, as Mary Josephine Ray was born in Canada).[117] She moved to Buffalo, New York, in 1946 and went on to become the oldest living person in the state of New York.

On October 25, 2009, Thomas became the oldest person born in Iowa, surpassing the age of Emma Verona Johnston (114 years, 117 days). On December 22, 2009, Neva Morris surpassed Thomas as the oldest verified Iowan ever.

Shelby Harris

Shelby Harris (March 31, 1901 – July 25, 2012),[118] an African American, was the third-oldest man in the world, oldest verified man in the United States and Illinois's oldest living person at the time of his death.[118][119][120]

A native of Ayrshire, Indiana, Harris worked in coal mines and a foundry. At 41 he joined the Army for World War II, but a broken ankle ended his training. A deacon of his church until he was 102, Harris entered a Rock Island nursing home at 105. At his death he was a great-great-great-grandfather, his youngest grandson 57 years old.[121] Harris died on July 25, 2012, aged 111 years and 116 days.[118]

Mamie Rearden

Mamie Julia Rearden (née Lewis; September 7, 1898 – January 2, 2013)[122] was an African American supercentenarian who, upon her death at the age of 114 years and 117 days, was the world's 5th oldest living person, the 2nd oldest living American, and the 2nd oldest living person of African descent behind Gertrude Weaver.[123] Rearden holds the record as the oldest person ever from the state of South Carolina.[124]

Mamie Julia Lewis grew up in the Pleasant Lane section of Edgefield County, South Carolina. She attended Log Creek Community School and Bettis Academy Junior College, and began her career as a teacher in 1918. In 1919, Rearden married Ocay Rearden, and the couple had eleven children. She was widowed in 1979. When asked how it feels being one of the world's oldest living persons, Rearden replied: "I don't know how it makes me feel. I really don't know."[125]

Notes

  1. ↑ Michelson was born in the then Russian Empire, today Russia
  2. ↑ Holtz was born in the Province of Posen, which was a part of the German Empire at the time of her birth. Today, this area is a part of Poland.
  3. ↑ Steinberg was born in Kishinev, which had then been a part of the Russian Empire; it is now located in Moldova
  4. ↑ Domingues was born in Cape Verde, which was at that time a Portuguese colony. Now it is an independent country.
  5. ↑ Michelson was born in the then Russian Empire, today Russia

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Supercentenarians.
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  112. 1 2 "George Francis, oldest man in the United States, dies at 112". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. December 29, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  113. ↑ Jason Dearen (December 28, 2008). "Oldest man in the US dies in Sacramento at 112". The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA: The McClatchy Company). Associated Press. Retrieved November 3, 2010. Francis died Saturday of congestive heart failure at a nursing home in Sacramento
  114. ↑ "Recent Deaths for 2008". Gerontology Research Group. GRG Interactive. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  115. ↑ "The Black Man's Plea for Justice" (PDF). The Sacramento Bee (Sacramento, CA: The McClatchy Company). Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  116. ↑ Stephen Magagnini (June 4, 2007). "Life looks good at 110 – A witness to history from Jim Crow to Barack Obama – and a family treasure". sacbee.com. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007.
  117. 1 2 "Olivia Patrica Thomas Dead: Oldest Native-Born American Dies In NY Nursing Home". Huffington Post. 17 November 2009
  118. 1 2 3 Kay Luna, "Shelby Harris, nation's oldest man, dies in RI", Quad-City Times, July 25, 2012.
  119. ↑ "King for the day, veteran celebrates 110 years" by Rikeshia Davidson, The United States Army (March 30, 2011). Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  120. ↑ "America's oldest man dies age 111... and the old romantic cited love as the secret to his long life". Dailymail.co.uk. 2012-07-26. Retrieved 2015-10-26.
  121. ↑ Rashah McChesney, "RI man celebrates his 110th birthday", Quad-City Times, April 19, 2011.
  122. ↑ "Mamie Rearden". Edgefield, SC: The Edgefield Advertiser. January 4, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-04.
  123. ↑ "Validated Living Supercentenarians". Grg.org. June 11, 2003. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  124. ↑ "Oldest Authenticated Supercentenarian--U.S. State Records". grg.org.
  125. ↑ "Edgefield woman, 112, oldest African-American". The Augusta Chronicle. January 19, 2011. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
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