List of flora of Greenland

The flora of Greenland consists of a total of 575 species or 606 taxa (species and subspecies) of vascular plants, of which 13 are endemic, and 87 taxa introduced by humans, most of which are naturalized.^[1]^[2]

Apiaceae

Angelica archangelica ssp. archangelica – native
Carum carvi – introduced
Ligusticum scoticum ssp. scoticum – native

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium viride – native

Asteraceae

Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium – introduced
Antennaria affinis – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria angustata – native
Antennaria boecherana – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria canescens – native
Antennaria compacta – native
Antennaria friesiana – native
Antennaria glabrata – native
Antennaria hansii – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria intermedia – native, endemic (microspecies)
Antennaria porsildii – native
Antennaria sornborgeri – native
Antennaria subcanescens – native
Arnica angustifolia ssp. angustifolia – native
Artemisia borealis ssp. borealis – native
Artemisia vulgaris – introduced
Chamomilla recutita – introduced
Chamomilla suaveolens – introduced
Cirsium arvense – introduced
Cirsium helenioides – native, extinct
Crepis tectorum ssp. tectorum – introduced
Erigeron borealis – native
Erigeron compositus – native
Erigeron humilis – native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. eriocephalus – native
Erigeron uniflorus ssp. uniflorus – native
Filaginella uliginosa – introduced
Hieracium sect. Alpina – native
Hieracium sect. Prenanthoidea – native
Hieracium sect. Subalpina – native
Hieracium sect. Tridentata – native
Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis – introduced (Norsemen)
Leucanthemum vulgare – introduced
Matricaria maritima ssp. phaeocephala – native
Matricaria perforata – introduced
Omalotheca norvegica – native
Omalotheca supina – native
Senecio vulgaris – introduced
Taraxacum sect. Arctica – native
Taraxacum sect. Borealia – native
Taraxacum sect. Spectabilia – native

Betulaceae

Alnus viridis ssp. crispa – native
Betula glandulosa – native
Betula nana ssp. nana – native
Betula pubescens ssp. minor – native

Boraginaceae

Asperugo procumbens – introduced
Mertensia maritima – native
Myosotis arvensis – introduced

Brassicaceae

Arabidopsis arenicola – native
Arabis alpina – native
Barbarea stricta – introduced
Barbarea vulgaris – introduced
Beringia bursifolia – native
Boechera holboellii – native
Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris – introduced
Braya humilis ssp. arctica – native
Braya intermedia – native
Braya linearis – native
Braya novae-angliae – native
Braya purpurascens – native
Braya thorild-wulffii – native
Cakile edentula ssp. edentula – native
Capsella bursa-pastoris – introduced
Cardamine bellidifolia – native
Cardamine pratensis ssp. polemonioides – native
Cardaminopsis arenosa – introduced
Cochlearia groenlandica – native
Descurainia sophia – introduced
Draba alpina – native
Draba arctica ssp. ostenfeldii – native, endemic (subspecies)
Draba arctica ssp. arctica – native
Draba arctogena – native
Draba aurea – native
Draba cana – native
Draba cinerea – native
Draba corymbosa – native
Draba crassifolia – native
Draba fladnizensis – native
Draba glabella – native
Draba incana – native
Draba micropetala – native
Draba nivalis – native
Draba norvegica – native
Draba oblongata – native
Draba oxycarpa – native
Draba pauciflora – native
Draba sibirica – native
Draba subcapitata – native
Draba wahlenbergii – native
Erysimum pallasii – native
Eutrema edwardsii – native
Lesquerella arctica – native
Raphanus raphanistrum – introduced
Rorippa islandica ssp. islandica – native
Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris – introduced
Rorippa sylvestris – introduced
Sinapis arvensis – introduced
Sisymbrium altissimum – introduced
Subularia aquatica ssp. americana – native
Thlaspi arvense – introduced

Callitrichaceae

Callitriche anceps – native
Callitriche hamulata – native
Callitriche hermaphroditica – native
Callitriche palustris – native

Calochortaceae

Streptopus amplexifolius ssp. americanus – native

Campanulaceae

Campanula gieseckiana – native
Campanula uniflora – native

Caryophyllaceae

Arenaria humifusa – native
Arenaria pseudofrigida – native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. lanatum – native
Cerastium alpinum ssp. alpinum – native
Cerastium arcticum – native
Cerastium arvense – native
Cerastium beeringianum – native
Cerastium cerastoides – native
Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare – introduced
Cerastium fontanum ssp. fontanum – native
Cerastium regelii – native
Honckenya peploides ssp. diffusa – native
Lychnis alpina ssp. americana – native
Minuartia biflora – native
Minuartia groenlandica – native
Minuartia rossii ssp. rossiii – native
Minuartia rubella – native
Minuartia stricta – native
Sagina cespitosa – native
Sagina nivalis – native
Sagina nodosa – native
Sagina procumbens – native
Sagina saginoides – native
Silene acaulis – native
Silene furcata ssp. angustiflora – native
Silene furcata ssp. furcata – native
Silene latifolia ssp. alba – introduced
Silene sorensenis – native
Silene uralensis ssp. uralensis – native
Silene vulgaris – introduced^[3]
Spergula arvensis – introduced
Spergularia canadensis – native
Stellaria borealis – native
Stellaria humifusa – native
Stellaria longifolia – native
Stellaria longipes – native
Stellaria media – introduced

Chenopodiaceae

Atriplex longipes ssp. praecox – native
Atriplex patula – introduced
Chenopodium album – introduced

Cornaceae

Cornus canadensis – native
Cornus suecica – native
Cornus × unanaschkensis – native (hybrid)

Crassulaceae

Rhodiola rosea ssp. rosea – native
Sedum acre – native
Sedum annuum – native
Sedum villosum – native

Cupressaceae

Juniperus communis ssp. nana – native

Cyperaceae

Carex acuta – native
Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis – native
Carex aquatilis ssp. stans – native
Carex arctogena – native
Carex atrata – native
Carex atrofusca – native
Carex bicolor – native
Carex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii – native
Carex bigelowii ssp. rigida – native
Carex boecheriana – native
Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens – native
Carex buxbaumii – native
Carex capillaris ssp. fuscidula – native
Carex capillaris ssp. chlorostachys – native
Carex capitata – native
Carex chordorrhiza – native
Carex curta – native
Carex deflexa – native
Carex demissa – native
Carex disperma – native
Carex fuliginosa ssp. misandra – native
Carex glacialis – native
Carex glareosa – native
Carex gynocrates – native
Carex holostoma – native
Carex krausei ssp. porsildiana – native
Carex lachenalii – native
Carex lidii – native
Carex lyngbyei ssp. lyngbyei – native
Carex mackenziei – native
Carex macloviana – native
Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua – native
Carex marina ssp. marina – native
Carex marina ssp. pseudolagopina – native
Carex maritima – native
Carex microglochin – native
Carex nardina ssp. hepburnii – native
Carex nigra ssp. nigra – native
Carex norvegica – native
Carex panicea – native
Carex parallela ssp. parallela – native
Carex praticola – native
Carex quasivaginata – native
Carex rariflora – native
Carex rostrata – native
Carex rufina – native
Carex rupestris – native
Carex salina – native
Carex miliaris – native
Carex scirpoidea – native
Carex stylosa – native
Carex subspathacea ssp. subspathacea – native
Carex supina ssp. spaniocarpa – native
Carex trisperma – native
Carex umbellata – native
Carex ursina – native
Eleocharis acicularis ssp. acicularis – native
Eleocharis palustris – native
Eleocharis quinqueflora ssp. fernaldii – native
Eleocharis uniglumis – native
Eriophorum angustifolium – native
Eriophorum callitrix – native
Eriophorum scheuchzeri – native
Eriophorum × sorenseni – native
Eriophorum triste – native
Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum – native
Kobresia myosuroides – native
Kobresia simpliciuscula ssp. subholarctica – native
Trichophorum cespitosum – native

Diapensiaceae

Diapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica – native

Droseraceae

Drosera rotundifolia – native

Dryopteridaceae

Dryopteris expansa – native
Dryopteris filix-mas – native
Dryopteris fragrans – native
Dryopteris marginalis – native
Polystichum lonchitis – native

Empetraceae

Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum – native

Equisetaceae

Equisetum arvense ssp. arvense – native
Equisetum arvense ssp. boreale – native
Equisetum hyemale – native^[4]
Equisetum scirpoides – native
Equisetum sylvaticum – native
Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum – native

Ericaceae

Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla – native
Andromeda polifolia ssp. polifolia – native
Arctostaphylos alpinus – native
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – native
Cassiope tetragona – native
Harrimanella hypnoides – native
Ledum groenlandicum – native
Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens – native
Loiseleuria procumbens – native
Orthilia obtusata – native
Phyllodoce caerulea – native
Pyrola grandiflora – native
Pyrola minor – native
Rhododendron lapponicum – native
Vaccinium myrtillus – native
Vaccinium oxycoccos ssp. microphyllus – native
Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum – native
Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus – native
×Ledodendron vanhoeffeni – native, endemic (intergeneric hybrid)^[5]

Fabaceae

Astragalus alpinus ssp. arcticus – probably introduced
Lathyrus japonicus – native
Lathyrus pratensis – introduced
Medicago lupulina – introduced
Trifolium hybridum – casual
Trifolium pratense – introduced
Trifolium repens – introduced
Vicia cracca – introduced (Norsemen)
Vicia hirsuta – introduced
Vicia sativa ssp. nigra – introduced
Vicia sepium – introduced

Gentianaceae

Gentiana nivalis – native
Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta – native
Gentianella aurea – native
Gentianella detonsa – native
Gentianella tenella – native
Lomatogonium rotatum – native

Geraniaceae

Erodium cicutarium – introduced
Geranium pusillum – introduced
Geranium sylvaticum – native

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum alterniflorum – native
Myriophyllum sibiricum – (Haloragaceae) - native

Hippuridaceae

Hippuris vulgaris – native

Iridaceae

Sisyrinchium montanum – native

Isoetaceae

Isoetes echinospora ssp. muricata – native
Isoetes lacustris – native

Juncaceae

Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. alpestris – native
Juncus arcticus ssp. arcticus – native
Juncus biglumis – native
Juncus bufonius ssp. bufonius – introduced
Juncus bufonius ssp. ranarius – native
Juncus castaneus ssp. castaneus – native
Juncus filiformis – native
Juncus gerardii ssp. gerardii – native
Juncus squarrosus – native
Juncus subtilis – native
Juncus trifidus – native
Juncus triglumis ssp. albescens – native
Juncus triglumis ssp. triglumis – native
Luzula nivalis – native
Luzula arcuata – native
Luzula confusa – native
Luzula groenlandica – native
Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida – native
Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora – native
Luzula parviflora ssp. parviflora – native
Luzula spicata – native
Luzula wahlenbergii – native

Juncaginaceae

Triglochin palustris – native

Lamiaceae

Lamium amplexicaule – introduced
Lamium moluccellifolium – introduced
Lamium purpureum – introduced
Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus – native

Lentibulariaceae

Pinguicula vulgaris – native
Utricularia intermedia – native
Utricularia minor – native
Utricularia ochroleuca – native

Linnaeaceae

Linnaea borealis ssp. americana – native

Lycopodiaceae

Diphasiastrum alpinum – native
Diphasiastrum complanatum – native
Diphasiastrum sitchense – native^[6]
Diphasiastrum x zeilleri – native
Huperzia arctica – native
Huperzia selago – native
Lycopodium annotinum ssp. annotinum – native
Lycopodium dubium – native
Lycopodium lagopus – native

Malaceae

Sorbus groenlandica – native

Melanthiaceae

Tofieldia coccinea – native
Tofieldia pusilla – native

Menyanthaceae

Menyanthes trifoliata – native

Myrsinaceae

Anagallis arvensis – introduced
Trientalis europaea – native^[7]

Onagraceae

Epilobium anagallidifolium – native
Epilobium angustifolium – native
Epilobium davuricum ssp. arcticum – native
Epilobium hornemannii – native
Epilobium lactiflorum – native
Epilobium latifolium – native
Epilobium palustre – native

Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium boreale – native
Botrychium lanceolatum – native
Botrychium lunaria – native
Botrychium minganense – native
Botrychium multifidum – native
Botrychium simplex – native
Ophioglossum azoricum – native

Orchidaceae

Amerorchis rotundifolia – native
Corallorhiza trifida – native
Neottia cordata – native
Platanthera hyperborea – native
Pseudorchis straminea – native

Orobanchaceae

Bartsia alpina – native
Euphrasia frigida – native
Melampyrum sylvaticum – native
Pedicularis capitata – native
Pedicularis lanata – native
Pedicularis flammea – native
Pedicularis groenlandica – native
Pedicularis hirsuta – native
Pedicularis labradorica – native
Pedicularis langsdorfii – native
Pedicularis lapponica – native
Pedicularis sudetica ssp. albolabiata – native^[6]^[7]
Rhinanthus minor ssp. groenlandicus – native
Rhinanthus minor ssp. minor – native

Papaveraceae

Papaver dahlianum – native
Papaver radicatum ssp. labradoricum – native

Parnassiaceae

Parnassia kotzebuei – native

Plantaginaceae

Plantago coronopus – casual
Plantago lanceolata – introduced
Plantago major – introduced
Plantago maritima ssp. borealis – native
Veronica alpina ssp. alpina – native
Veronica alpina ssp. pumila – native
Veronica arvensis – casual
Veronica fruticans – native
Veronica officinalis – introduced^[3]
Veronica persica – casual
Veronica serpyllifolia ssp. serpyllifolia – introduced
Veronica wormskjoldii – native

Plumbaginaceae

Armeria maritima ssp. maritima – native
Armeria maritima ssp. sibirica – native

Poaceae

Agrostis canina – native^[6]
Agrostis capillaris – introduced
Agrostis gigantea – native
Agrostis mertensii – native
Agrostis scabra – native
Agrostis stolonifera – native
Agrostis vinealis – native
Alopecurus aequalis – native
Alopecurus alpinus ssp. borealis – native
Alopecurus geniculatus – introduced
Alopecurus pratensis – introduced
Anthoxanthum alpinum – native
Arctagrostis latifolia ssp. latifolia – native
Arctophila fulva – native
Avenella flexuosa – native
Bromus hordeaceus – introduced
Bromus tectorum – introduced
Calamagrostis canadensis ssp. langsdorfii – native
Calamagrostis inexpansa – native
Calamagrostis lapponica – native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. neglecta – native
Calamagrostis neglecta ssp. groenlandica – native
Calamagrostis purpurascens var. purpurascens – native
Calamagrostis purpurascens var. laricina – native
Catabrosa aquatica – native
Dactylis glomerata – introduced
Danthonia spicata – native
Deschampsia alpina – native
Deschampsia brevifolia – native
Deschampsia cespitosa – introduced
Deschampsia sukatschewii ssp. borealis – native
Dupontia fisheri – native
Elymus alaskanus ssp. hyperarcticus – native
Elymus repens – introduced
Elymus trachycaulus ssp. virescens – native, endemic (subspecies)
Elymus violaceus – native
Festuca baffinensis – native
Festuca brachyphylla – native
Festuca edlundiae – native
Festuca groenlandica – native, endemic^[6]
Festuca hyperborea – native
Festuca pratensis – introduced
Festuca rubra spp. fallax – introduced^[6]
Festuca rubra ssp. arctica – native
Festuca rubra spp. rubra – native
Festuca saximontana – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. hirsuta – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. vivipara – native
Festuca vivipara ssp. glabra – native^[6]
Hierochloë alpina – native
Hierochloë odorata ssp. arctica – native
Leymus arenarius – native
Leymus mollis ssp. mollis – native
Lolium perenne – introduced
Nardus stricta – native
Phippsia algida ssp. algidiformis – native^[7]
Phippsia algida ssp. algida – native
Phleum alpinum – native
Phleum pratense ssp. pratense – native
Pleuropogon sabinei – native
Poa abbreviata – native
Poa alpina – native
Poa annua – introduced
Poa arctica ssp. arctica – native
Poa arctica ssp. caespitans – native
Poa flexuosa – native
Poa glauca – native
Poa hartzii – native
Poa nemoralis – native
Poa palustris – introduced
Poa pratensis – native
Poa pratensis ssp. alpigena – native
Poa pratensis ssp. colpodea – native
Poa pratensis ssp. irrigata – native
Poa trivialis – introduced
Puccinellia andersonii – native
Puccinellia angustata – native
Puccinellia bruggemannii – native^[6]^[7]
Puccinellia capillaris – native^[6]
Puccinellia deschampsioides – native
Puccinellia groenlandica – native, endemic
Puccinellia laurentiana – native
Puccinellia maritima – native
Puccinellia nutkaensis – native
Puccinellia phryganodes – native
Puccinellia porsildii – native
Puccinellia pumila – native^[6]
Puccinellia rosenkrantzii – native, endemic
Puccinellia tenella ssp. langeana – native
Puccinellia vaginata – native
Puccinellia vahliana – native
Trisetum spicatum – native
Vahlodea atropurpurea – native

Polemoniaceae

Polemonium boreale – native

Polygalaceae

Polygala serpyllifolia – probably introduced

Polygonaceae

Bistorta vivipara – native
Fallopia convolvulus – introduced
Koenigia islandica – native
Oxyria digyna – native
Persicaria lapathifolia – introduced
Persicaria maculosa – introduced
Polygonum aviculare ssp. boreale – introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. acetosella – introduced
Rumex acetosella ssp. tenuifolius – native
Rumex acetosella ssp. arenicola – native
Rumex alpestris ssp. lapponicus – native
Rumex longifolius – introduced
Rumex obtusifolius – introduced

Polypodiaceae

Polypodium sibiricum – native

Portulacaceae

Montia fontana – native

Potamogetonaceae

Potamogeton alpinus ssp. tenuifolius – native
Potamogeton gramineus – native
Potamogeton groenlandicus – native, endemic
Potamogeton natans – native
Potamogeton perfoliatus ssp. perfoliatus – native
Potamogeton praelongus – native
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. alpina – native
Stuckenia filiformis ssp. filiformis – native

Primulaceae

Androsace septentrionalis – native
Primula egaliksensis – native
Primula stricta – native

Ranunculaceae

Anemone richardsonii – native
Batrachium confervoides – native
Coptis trifoliata – native
Ranunculus acris ssp. acris – native
Ranunculus arcticus – native
Ranunculus auricomus – native
Ranunculus cymbalaria – native
Ranunculus glacialis – native
Ranunculus hyperboreus ssp. hyperboreus – native
Ranunculus lapponicus – native
Ranunculus nivalis – native
Ranunculus pygmaeus – native
Ranunculus repens – introduced
Ranunculus reptans – native
Ranunculus sabinei – native
Ranunculus sulphureus – native
Thalictrum alpinum – native

Rosaceae

Acomastylis rossii – native
Alchemilla alpina – native
Alchemilla filicaulis – native
Alchemilla glomerulans – native
Alchemilla vestita – native
Alchemilla wichurae – native
Argentina anserina – native
Argentina egedei ssp. egedei – native
Comarum palustre – native
Dryas integrifolia – native
Dryas octopetala ssp. punctata – native
Geum rivale – native
Potentilla chamissonis – native
Potentilla crantzii – native
Potentilla hookeriana – native
Potentilla hyparctica ssp. hyparctica – native
Potentilla insularis – native
Potentilla nivea ssp. nivea – native
Potentilla nivea ssp. subquinata – native
Potentilla norvegica ssp. norvegica – introduced
Potentilla pulchella ssp. pulchella – native
Potentilla ranunculus – native
Potentilla rubella – native, endemic
Potentilla rubricaulis – native
Potentilla stipularis – native
Potentilla vahliana – native
Rubus chamaemorus – native
Rubus idaeus ssp. idaeus – native
Rubus saxatilis – native
Sibbaldia procumbens – native
Sibbaldiopsis tridentata – native

Rubiaceae

Galium album – introduced
Galium aparine – introduced
Galium boreale – native
Galium brandegei – native
Galium triflorum – native
Galium uliginosum – introduced
Galium verum – introduced^[3]

Salicaceae

Salix arctica – native
Salix arctophila – native
Salix glauca ssp. callicarpaea – native
Salix glauca ssp. glauca – native
Salix herbacea – native
Salix reticulata – native
Salix uva-ursi – native

Saxifragaceae

Chrysosplenium tetrandrum – native
Saxifraga aizoides – native
Saxifraga cernua – native
Saxifraga cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – native
Saxifraga foliolosa – native
Saxifraga hieracifolia – native
Saxifraga hirculus – native
Saxifraga hyperborea – native
Saxifraga nathorstii – native, endemic
Saxifraga nivalis – native
Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. oppositifolia – native
Saxifraga paniculata – native
Saxifraga platysepala – native
Saxifraga rivularis – native
Saxifraga rosacea – native
Saxifraga stellaris – native
Saxifraga tenuis – native
Saxifraga tricuspidata – native

Scrophulariaceae

Limosella aquatica – native
Linaria vulgaris – introduced
Verbascum thapsus – casual

Selaginellaceae

Selaginella rupestris – native
Selaginella selaginoides – native

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium angustifolium – native
Sparganium hyperboreum – native

Thelypteridaceae

Phegopteris connectilis – native

Urticaceae

Urtica dioica ssp. dioica – introduced
Urtica urens – introduced

Violaceae

Viola adunca – native
Viola arvensis – introduced
Viola canina ssp. montana – native
Viola palustris – native
Viola selkirkii – native

Woodsiaceae

Athyrium distentifolium ssp. americanum – native
Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum – native
Cystopteris fragilis – native
Cystopteris montana – native
Gymnocarpium dryopteris – native
Woodsia alpina – native
Woodsia glabella – native
Woodsia ilvensis – native

Zosteraceae

Zostera marina – native

References

↑ Tyge W. Böcher, B. Fredskild, K. Holmen & K. Jakobsen (1978). Grønlands Flora (in Danish) (3rd ed.). Copenhagen: P. Haase & Søns Forlag.
↑ Reidar Elven, Inger Nordal & Vladimir Y. Razzhivin (May 30, 2000). "PanArctic Flora Checklist". Archived from the original on September 15, 2008.
1 2 3 Felix Gartmann (1990). "Three species of flowering plants new for Greenland". Acta Botanica Islandica 10: 23–25.
↑ F. J. A. Daniels & C. M. van Herk (1984). "Equisetum hiemale L. found in Greenland". Acta Botanica Islandica 7: 31–36.
↑ Vilhelm Dalgaard & Bent Fredskild (1993). "× Ledodendron vanhoeffeni (syn.: Rhododendron vanhoeffeni) refound in Greenland". Nordic Journal of Botany 13 (3): 253–255. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00045.x.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Flora of North America
1 2 3 4 Christian Bay (1993). "Taxa of vascular plants new to the flora of Greenland". Nordic Journal of Botany 13 (3): 247–252. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1993.tb00044.x.

Flora of North America

Sovereign states	Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas Barbados Belize Canada Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago United States

Dependencies and other territories	Anguilla Aruba Bermuda Bonaire British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Greenland Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saba Sint Eustatius Sint Maarten Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

Flora of Europe

Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Kosovo Nagorno-Karabakh Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria

Dependencies and other territories	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Jersey Isle of Man Svalbard

Former	Czechoslovakia East Germany Soviet Union Yugoslavia

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