Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics
| Figure skating at the XVIII Olympic Winter Games | |
|---|---|
| Type: | Olympic Games |
| Venue: | White Ring |
| Champions | |
Men's singles:  Ilia Kulik | |
Ladies' singles:  Tara Lipinski | |
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Pair skating: Oksana Kazakova / Artur Dmitriev | |
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Ice dancing: Oksana Grishuk / Evgeny Platov | |
| Previous: | |
| Next: | |
The figure skating events in 1998 Winter Olympics were held at the White Ring in Nagano. There were no changes in the format or scoring systems from 1994. Professionals were again allowed to compete, although they had to declare that intention and compete in ISU-approved events to do so. Most of the top competitors by 1998 were now openly professional.
The competitions took place on the following days:
- Pairs: 8–10 February 1998
- Men's singles: 12–14 February 1998
- Ice dancing: 13–16 February 1998
- Ladies' singles: 18–20 February 1998[1]
- Exhibition gala: 21 February 1998
Medal summary
Medalists
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's singles | Ilia Kulik (RUS) |
 Elvis Stojko (CAN) |
 Philippe Candeloro (FRA) |
| Ladies' singles | Tara Lipinski (USA) |
Michelle Kwan (USA) |
 Chen Lu (CHN) |
| Pair skating | Oksana Kazakova / Artur Dmitriev (RUS) |
Elena Berezhnaya / Anton Sikharulidze (RUS) |
 Mandy Wötzel / Ingo Steuer (GER) |
| Ice dancing | Oksana Grishuk / Evgeny Platov (RUS) |
Anjelika Krylova / Oleg Ovsyannikov (RUS) |
Marina Anissina / Gwendal Peizerat (FRA) |
Medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russia | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 |
| 2 | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Canada | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | France | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 5 | China | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Germany | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 4 | 4 | 4 | 12 | |
Results
Men
The favourites and top two after the short program were Ilia Kulik and Elvis Stojko, who would skate first and last, respectively. Medal contenders Alexei Yagudin, Todd Eldredge and Philippe Candeloro went in between. Steven Cousins was the other skater in the final draw, but he was not considered to have a realistic chance of making the podium.
Kulik skated flawlessly in a program which included a Quad Toe Loop to open the last session. Yagudin, who was one of several athletes suffering from the flu in these games, fell on his Quad attempt and his Triple Axel to immediately take himself out of contention. Eldredge was skating cleanly but popped what was to be his second Triple Axel and then fell again while trying to complete the jump again in the closing seconds. Candeloro, with the exception of a step out on his Triple Axel, skated his D'Artagnan program flawlessly to the delight of the crowd to end up second in the free skating. Stojko, who skated last, had the best opportunity to win mainly based on his signature Quad Toe Loop/Triple Toe Loop combination. However, a partial groin tear and the flu prevented him from attempting the combo and he downgraded his Quad to a Triple. Despite the injury, he skated a clean program but finished the free skating third, overall placing second behind Kulik.
The countries represented by the podium finishers were the same as in the men's competition at the Lillehammer 1994 games, with Stojko and Candeloro getting their second consecutive silver and bronze medals, respectively. In a noteworthy instance, Stojko had to limp to the podium on sneakers at the medal presentation. He also did not skate at the figure skating gala, although he did take the ice briefly to announce that he would skip the World Championships next month.
Full results
Program details
| Age | 20 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 1st (Gold) | Coach | Tatiana Tarasova | Choreographer | ? | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Revolutions | Rhapsody in Blue | Mortal Kombat | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | ? | 4 min. 40 sec. | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 2 Axel, 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Lutz | 4 Toe loop, 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Loop, 3 Axel, 3 Lutz, 3 Flip, 3 Salchow, 3 Toe loop | 1st: 2 Axel, 2 Axel Encore: 2 Axel | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | / |
| Presentation | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | / |
| Ordinal | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | / |
| Rank | 1st | 1st | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 25 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 2nd (Silver) | Coach | Doug Leigh | Choreographer | ? | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Kodo (Japanese Drums) | The Ghost and the Darkness | (none) | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | ? | 4 min. 50 sec. | – | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Lutz, 2 Axel | 3 Lutz, 3 Toe loop, 3 Loop, 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Axel, 3 Flip, 3 Salchow | – | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | / |
| Presentation | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | / |
| Ordinal | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | / |
| Rank | 2nd | 3rd | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 25 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 3rd (Bronze) | Coach | André Brunet | Choreographer | ? | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Guerilleros | D'Artagnan | D'Artagnan | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | ? | 4 min. 50 sec. | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 3 Axel + 2 Toe loop, 3 Lutz, 2 Axel | 3 Axel + 3 Toe loop, 3 Flip, 3 Toe loop, 3 Lutz, 3 Loop, 3 Axel (step out), 3 Salchow | 3 Axel (fell), 3 Toe loop, 3 Toe loop, 3 Lutz, 3 Loop | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | / |
| Presentation | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.0 | / |
| Ordinal | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | / |
| Rank | 5th | 2nd | / | ||||||||||||||||
Referee:
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Britta Lindgren
Assistant Referee:
Judges:
- Margaret Worsfold
- Vladislav Petukov
- Sally Rehorick
- Mariana Silvia Chita
- Mieko Fujimora
- Sviatoslav Babenko
- Evgenia Bogdanova
- Paula Naughton
- Marie-Reine Le Gougne
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Zsofia Wagner (substitute)
Ladies
The primary competitors for the gold medal were Americans Tara Lipinski and Michelle Kwan.[2] Kwan and Lipinski were in first and second places after the short program, respectively. In the free skating, both Lipinski and Kwan skated excellent programs. 6 judges placed Lipinski ahead of Kwan; three placed Kwan ahead of Lipinski. So Lipinski won the gold medal, and Kwan took the silver.
The primary competitors for the bronze medal were Chen Lu from China, Maria Butyrskaya and Irina Slutskaya from Russia. In the free skating, they all skated well, but had mistakes. The final placements were very close and far from unanimous. The 3rd–5th place votes were split unevenly between Chen, Butyrskaya, and Slutskaya. Chen beat Butyrskaya by the tally of 5 judges to 4 and beat Slutskaya 6 judges to 3, giving Chen her second straight bronze medal in the Olympic Games.
Interestingly, Tara Lipinski (Gold), Michelle Kwan (Silver) and Chen Lu (Bronze) were the World Champions in 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Full results
| Rank | Name | Nation | SP | FS | TFP |
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| 1 | Tara Lipinski | United States | 2 | 1 | 2.0 |
| 2 | Michelle Kwan | United States | 1 | 2 | 2.5 |
| 3 | Chen Lu | China | 4 | 3 | 5.0 |
| 4 | Maria Butyrskaya | Russia | 3 | 4 | 5.5 |
| 5 | Irina Slutskaya | Russia | 5 | 5 | 7.5 |
| 6 | Vanessa Gusmeroli | France | 8 | 6 | 10.0 |
| 7 | Elena Sokolova | Russia | 10 | 7 | 12.0 |
| 8 | Tatiana Malinina |  Uzbekistan | 9 | 8 | 12.5 |
| 9 | Elena Liashenko | Ukraine | 7 | 10 | 13.5 |
| 10 | Surya Bonaly | France | 6 | 11 | 14.0 |
| 11 | Yulia Lavrenchuk | Ukraine | 15 | 9 | 16.5 |
| 12 | Joanne Carter |  Australia | 11 | 12 | 17.5 |
| 13 | Shizuka Arakawa | Japan | 14 | 14 | 21.0 |
| 14 | Julia Lautowa |  Austria | 21 | 13 | 23.5 |
| 15 | Júlia Sebestyén | Hungary | 19 | 15 | 24.5 |
| 16 | Yulia Vorobieva | Azerbaijan | 18 | 16 | 25.0 |
| 17 | Nicole Bobek | United States | 17 | 17 | 25.5 |
| 18 | Lenka Kulovaná |  Czech Republic | 16 | 18 | 26.0 |
| 19 | Anna Rechnio |  Poland | 13 | 20 | 26.5 |
| 20 | Laëtitia Hubert | France | 12 | 21 | 27.0 |
| 21 | Alisa Drei |  Finland | 20 | 19 | 29.0 |
| 22 | Marta Andrade |  Spain | 24 | 22 | 34.0 |
| 23 | Mojca Kopač |  Slovenia | 22 | 23 | 34.0 |
| 24 | Shirene Human |  South Africa | 23 | 24 | 35.5 |
| Free Skating Not Reached | |||||
| 25 | Ivana Jakupcevic |  Croatia | 25 | ||
| 26 | Helena Grundberg |  Sweden | 26 | ||
| 27 | Tony Bombardieri |  Italy | 27 | ||
| 28 | Sofia Penkova |  Bulgaria | 28 | ||
Program details
| Age | 15 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 1st (Gold) | Coach | Richard Callaghan | Choreographer | Sandra Bezic | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Anastasia | Rainbow/Scenes of Summer | Journey to the Past | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | 2 min. 41 sec. | 4 min. 11 sec. | 1st: 2 min. 39 sec. 2nd: 2 min. 09 sec. | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 3 Lutz + 2 Loop, 3 Flip, 2 Axel | 2 Axel, 3 Flip, 3 Lutz + 2 Toe loop, 3 Loop + 3 Loop, 3 Lutz, 3 Toe loop + 1/2 Loop + 3 Salchow + SEQ | 1st: 3 Toe loop, 3 Flip, 3 Salchow 2nd: 3 Loop, 3 Flip | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | / |
| Presentation | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | / |
| Ordinal | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | / |
| Rank | 2nd | 1st | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 17 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 2nd (Silver) | Coach | Frank Carroll | Choreographer | Lori Nichol | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 3 | Lyra Angelica | On My Own | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | 2 min. 41 sec. | 4 min. 09 sec. | 3 min. 53 sec. | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 3 Lutz + 2 Toe loop, 2 Axel, 3 Toe loop | 3 Lutz + 2 Toe loop, 3 Loop + 2 Toe loop + SEQ, 3 Flip, 2 Axel, 3 Loop, 3 Salchow, 3 Lutz, 3 Toe loop | 3 Salchow, 3 Lutz, 3 Toe loop, 2 Axel (fell) | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | / |
| Presentation | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | 5.9 | / |
| Ordinal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | / |
| Rank | 1st | 2nd | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 21 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 3rd (Bronze) | Coach | Hongyun Liu | Choreographer | Sandra Bezic | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Adiós Nonino | Butterfly Lovers | Butterfly | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | 2 min. 35 sec. | 4 min. 08 sec. | 3 min. 35 sec. | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | 3 Lutz + 2 Toe loop, 3 Toe loop, 2 Axel | 3 Lutz + 2 Toe loop, 3 Flip, 2 Axel, 3 Lutz, 3 Loop, 3 Salchow, 3 Toe loop + 3 Toe loop | 3 Toe loop, 2 Loop, 2 Axel | ||||||||||||||||
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| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | / |
| Presentation | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | / |
| Ordinal | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | / |
| Rank | 4th | 3rd | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 25 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 4th | Coach | ? | Choreographer | ? | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Fever | Otonal | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | 2 min. 39 sec. | 4 min. 07 sec. | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | Triple Lutz + Double Loop, Triple Loop, Double Axel | Triple Lutz, Triple Flip, Triple Salchow + Triple Toe loop + SEQ, Triple Loop, Double Toe loop, Double Axel + Double Toe loop + SEQ | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Judges | Australia | Hungary | Austria | Germany | United States | Russia | United Kingdom | Poland | France | Australia | Hungary | Austria | Germany | United States | Russia | United Kingdom | Poland | France | / |
| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.7 | / |
| Presentation | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 | / |
| Ordinal | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | / |
| Rank | 3rd | 4th | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Age | 19 | Location | Nagano, Japan | Date | February 1998 | ||||||||||||||
| Final Rank | 5th | Coach | Zhanna Gromova | Choreographer | ? | ||||||||||||||
| Routine | Short Program | Free Skate | Gala Exhibition | ||||||||||||||||
| Music | Waltz | Ah Nastasia | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Runtime | 2 min. 39 sec. | 4 min. 09 sec. | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Jumps | Double Lutz + Double Toe loop, Triple Loop, Double Axel | Triple Lutz + Double Toe loop, Triple Salchow + Double Loop, Triple Flip, Triple Toe loop + Triple Toe loop, Double Axel, Triple Loop | ? | ||||||||||||||||
| Judges | Australia | Hungary | Austria | Germany | United States | Russia | United Kingdom | Poland | France | Australia | Hungary | Austria | Germany | United States | Russia | United Kingdom | Poland | France | / |
| Required Elements or Technical Merit | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | / |
| Presentation | 5.4 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | / |
| Ordinal | 5 | 8 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | / |
| Rank | 5th | 5th | / | ||||||||||||||||
| Rank in FS | Skater | Judge (Australia) | Judge (Hungary) | Judge (Austria) | Judge (Germany) | Judge (United States) | Judge (Russia) | Judge (United Kingdom) | Judge (Poland) | Judge (France) | Average |
| 1 | Tara Lipinski | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.3 |
| 2 | Michelle Kwan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1.7 |
| 3 | Chen Lu | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3.8 |
| 4 | Maria Butyrskaya | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4.0 |
| 5 | Irina Slutskaya | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4.2 |
FS=Free Skating
| Final Rank | Skater | Rank in SP | Rank in FS | Total Score |
| 1 | Tara Lipinski | 2 | 1 | 2.0 ( 2 * 0.5 + 1 = 2.0 ) |
| 2 | Michelle Kwan | 1 | 2 | 2.5 ( 1 * 0.5 + 2 = 2.5 ) |
| 3 | Chen Lu | 4 | 3 | 5.0 ( 4 * 0.5 + 3 = 5.0 ) |
| 4 | Maria Butyrskaya | 3 | 4 | 5.5 ( 3 * 0.5 + 4 = 5.5 ) |
| 5 | Irina Slutskaya | 5 | 5 | 7.5 ( 5 * 0.5 + 5 = 7.5 ) |
SP=Short Program, FS=Free Skating
Referee:
Assistant Referee:
- Tjasa Andrée-Prosenc
Judges:
- Frank A. Parsons
- Judit Furst-Tombor
- Karin Ehrhardt
- Jan Hoffmann
- Susan A. Johnson
- Anatoli Bogatyrev
- Alfred Korytek
- Maria Miller
- Anne Hardy Thomas
- Liliana Strechova (substitute)
Pairs
This was the second Olympics that Dmitriev won Gold. He previously won in 1992 with a different partner. He is the only man to win the Olympics with different partners. Soviet skater Irina Rodnina won three Olympics with two different partners.
Full results
Referee:
- Walburga Grimm
Assistant Referee:
- Ronald T. Pfenning
Judges:
- Yang Jiasheng
- John Greenwood
- Heinz-Ulrich Walther
- Anna Sierocka
- Roger A. Glenn
- Olga Záková
- Donald McKnight
- Marina Sanaya
- Alfred Korytek
- Marie-Reine Le Gougne (substitute)
Ice dancing
Grishuk and Platov became the first pair ever to repeat as champions in Olympic Ice Dance. They won 21 straight events before they won in Nagano.[3]
The judging was marred by accusations that the Europeans colluded in "bloc voting" (where judges tend to favor skaters from their regions, broken down along Cold War lines), so that the dance teams representing their countries would take the medals, while keeping the Canadians off the podium.[4] After another judging controversy erupted in the 2002 Winter Games, these incidents led the ISU to issue new procedures to review controversial decisions.[5]
Full results
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Referee:
- Wolfgang Kunz
Assistant Referee:
Judges:
- Jean Senft
- Halina Gordon-Półtorak
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Eugenia Gasiorowska - Yuri Balkov
- Ulf Denzer
- Jarmila Portová
- Alla Shekiovtseva
- Walter Zuccaro
- Jean-Bernard Hamel
- Robert J. Horen (substitute)
References
- ↑ Olympics at Sports-Reference.com
- ↑ http://articles.nydailynews.com/1998-02-17/sports/18065525_1_loop-combination-champion-world-bronze-medalist
- ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/17/sports/the-xviii-winter-games-figure-skating-russian-duo-remain-unbeatable.html?ref=iceskating
- ↑ Canadians dig for gold on ice: Bourne and Kraatz will battle opponents and judges in Nagano, Steve Milton, 7 February 1998
- ↑ Skating federation to investigate judging, sportsillustrated.cnn.com, 12 February 2002
External links
- 1998 Winter Olympics at Skate Canada
- 1998 Winter Olympics at Ice Skating International
- Judges Scoring of Ladies Free Skating-all skaters
Men
- THE XVIII WINTER GAMES: FIGURE SKATING; Kulik of Russia Rides His Quad to Figure-Skating Gold
- Stojko wins silver for second time L.A. Times
Ladies
Pairs
Dance
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