Firozabad

Firozabad फ़िरोज़ाबाद فیروزآباد
city
Firozabad
Coordinates: 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42Coordinates: 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Firozabad
Government
• Body	Congress
Population (2011 census)
• Total	603,797
Languages
• Official	Hindi Urdu
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	283203
Telephone code	05612
Vehicle registration	UP 83
Website	firozabad.nic.in

Firozabad (Hindi: फ़िरोज़ाबाद; Urdu: فیروزآباد‎) is a city in India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh also known as City of Bangle.

The ancient name of this town was Chandwar Nagar. It is said that during the reign of Akbar the great, revenue was brought through the city, which was looted by the people who lived there. Akbar sent his army led by a man named "Firoz" to make the city a cantonment to improve thieves who lived here. The tomb of Firoz is still present today. From early times, it was famous for glass and bangle works, and its related small scale industry is famous throughout the world. Due to underdeveloped industry, literacy rates are very low. The city suffers from low literacy and pollution. The landowners of Firozabad hail from the Sayed, Manihar, Pathan and the Hindu Rajput castes. Firozabad is located in north central India, in eastern Uttar Pradesh , 40 km from Agra and around 240 km away from Delhi, at the northern edge of the Deccan Plateau, at 27°09′N 78°24′E / 27.150°N 78.400°E / 27.150; 78.400. It is located 164 meters (540 ft). \ above sea level.

The boundaries of Firozabad district touch Etah district in north and Mainpuri and Etawah districts in the east. The Yamuna river makes its southern boundary. The area of the district is about 0.8% of the total area of Uttar Pradesh, and the population is 1.1% of the state's total population. Approximately 73.6% of the population lives in rural areas. More than half of the workforce is engaged in manufacturing activities. The city is also an important market center. It has severe winter and summer seasons. Child labour is practiced widely in this city.^[1]

History

The ancient name of this town was Chandwar nager,The name Firozabad was given in the regime of Akbar by Faraz Shah Mansab Dar in 1566. It is said that Todarmal was passing through this town, on a pilgrimage to Gaya. He was robbed by robbers. At his request, Akbar, sent his Mansab Dar Faraz Shah here. He landed near or about Datauji, Rasoolpur, Mohammadpur Gajmalpur, Sukhmalpur Nizamabad, Prempur Raipura. The tomb of Firoz Shah and ruins of Katra Pathanan are the evidences of this fact.

Mr. Peter, a businessman working for the Dutch East India Company visited Firozabad on 9 August 1632 and found the town in good condition. It is written in the gazetteer of Agra and Mathura that in 1596 Faraz was upgraded to a pargana. Faraz was bestowed to Nawab Sadulla Khan as jagir, in the regime of Shahjahan. Jahangir ruled here from 1605 to 1627. Etawah, Budaun, Mainpuri, Faraz were under first class mansabdar of emperor Farrukhsiar. Bajirao peshwa looted Firozabad and Etmadpur in 1737 in the regime of Mohammad Shah. Jats of Mahawan attacked Faujdar Hakim Kajim ali bahadur jang at Firozabad and killed him on 9 May 1739. Jats ruled Firozabad for 30 years. Gajuddin, Hidayat Vaksh son of Alamgir second his nephew and Mirza baba the son in law, came to Firozabad. Mirza Nabab Khan stayed here till 1782. In the end of 18th century, Firozabad was ruled by Himmat Bahadur with cooperation of Marathas. The French Army chief of Marathas, D. Wayan, established an ordnance factory in November 1794. Mr. Thomas Traving also mentioned this fact in his book Travels in India. Marathas appointed his subedar Lakwadads here who made a fort near old tehsil, known at present as garie.

General Lek and General Vellajally attacked Firozabad in 1802. In the beginning of British regime Firozabad was in Etawah district but after some time it was attached to Aligarh district. When Sadabad was created as a new district in 1832, Firozabad was attached to it. Later on, in 1833 Firozabad was attached to Agra district. In 1847, the business of lac was flourishing at Firozabad.

In 1857, zamidar of Firozabad with local public took active parts in freedom struggle. Famous Urdu poet Munir Shikohabadi too was sentenced to Kala pani by the British East India Company government. People of this city took part in "Khilafat Movement", "Quit India Movement", and "Namak Satyagrah" and went to the jail during these national movements. In 1929, Father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi, in 1935 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, in 1937 Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru and in 1940 Subhas Chandra Bose visited Firozabad. Firozabad district was finally established on 5 February 1989.In 2015 it become a Nagar Nigam.

Geography

Firozabad is located at 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42.^[2] It has an average elevation of 164 metres (538 ft).

Climate

The lowest recorded temperature in Firozabad was −1 °C; the highest was 48 °C.

Demographics

As of 2011 India census,^[3] Firozabad City had a population of 603,797.Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Firozabad has an average literacy rate of 75.01% higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 85.32%, and female literacy is 63%. In Firozabad, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transport

Firozabad railway station served by the Delhi-Howrah trunk route of the Indian Railways. Several trains serve the city connecting it to long and short distanced destinations including New Delhi, Howrah, Mumbai, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jammu Tawi, Amritsar, Jamshedpur, Patna, Aligarh, Agra, Puri, Ajmer, Ambala, Bareilly, Etawah and Tundla.

Tundla Junction railway station in the Tundla town (20 km west of Firozabad city on National Highway 2) of the Firozabad District is a major railway station of North Central Railways. Due to its proximity to Agra several trains on the Delhi Howrah route which don't stop at Firozabad station make a stop at Tundla Junction hence serving Firozabad as well as Agra cities.

The city is 40 Km east from Agra on National Highway 2 which makes it an important stopover for the transport vehicles on this highway. Firozabad hence is connected to several bus services to the Western and Eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh state. Due to proximity to Agra and hence the borders of Uttar Pradesh with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh states several inter-state bus services also serve the city.Intra-city transport typically consists of Rickshaws and 3-wheelers.

Water problem

Since a few years, Firozabad has been suffering with a severe water pollution problem. The water has been polluted by the indiscriminate discharge of wastes by the industries, causing a literal water "crisis". The water has been tendered practically unusable. Citizens have no option but to install water purifiers at home and use packaged drinking water for consumption.

Air pollution

Air pollution by Firozabad's industries have been held responsible among other contributors for the corrosion of the famous Taj Mahal's white marbel, due to acid rain and polluted air.

Civil services

On recommendation of Union Public Service Commission, New Delhi Rajeshwar Prasad joined Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in the year of 1995.

Judges, Members of Tribunal/Board

Rajeshwar Prasad was appointed as a Member, Commercial Taxes Appellate Board, Madhya Pradesh in August, 2007

Holders of High Offices

Rajeshwar Prasad, former Advisor to the Government of Uttarakhand (with effect from 16 November 2010 till 11 May 2012) was born in the district of Etah but is a native of Firozabad.

Industry

Glass industry

During ancient times, invaders brought many glass articles to India. These glass articles when rejected, were collected and melted in locally made furnaces called "Bhainsa Bhatti." In this furnace, wood was used as a fuel. These old traditional furnaces are still in use in Sasani near Aligarh and at Purdal Nagar and were originally used only for making smaller bottles and bangles. By current production standards, only one bangle at a time can be made using these furnaces. These bangles had no joints and were locally known as "Kadechhal Ki Chudi". Over time, production slowly became more widespread among the locals. This was the start of the glass industry in Firozabad. Since then Firozabad has been the home of India's glass industry. White and coloured glass pieces being manufactured for the purpose of assembling jhad and fanus (chandeliers) which were in demand by royal courts and nobles for decorating their assembling and drawing rooms. Later on phials for Itra, scents, and other cosmetic products were made. Gradually, Indian marriage items like bangles, kangans, kada, etc. too began to be produced in bulk for the general public. Today, there is area known as Suhag Nagar that sells bangles, kadas, kangans and other items of suhagins (married women).

Since 1989, Firozabad has produced artistic glassware in different colours and shades used in chandeliers and other items. About four hundred glass industries are registered in Firozabad, making different types of glass products. They use natural gas instead of coal. Half of the production of these units is exported. Nowadays, blowing/modeling is done by the Pot Furnace & Regenerative tank furnace in the factories.

Firozabad with the changing time has entered into new era of Glass Manufacturing, it has become a major hub of manufacturing different Glass based items and has registered its global presence, diversifying its industrial base and encouraging ancillary industries including Chemicals, Packaging and more of service sector based industries have flourished in a short span of time.

All sorts of glass articles, including jars, candle stands, glasses, flower vases, and electric wares such as decorative lights, bulbs and every other sort of glass articles are prepared in this city. These articles are painted with vivid colours and innovative patterns. Etching is done on some products to enhance their beauty. Decoration work is also done on some products by fixing other material on them.

tourist places

1- kela devi temple- 2- vesno devi temple- 3- jain temple- 4- totaram Sandhya birth place- 5- Chandravar gate- 6- baba neem Karori temple & birth place- 7- gopal asram hanuman temple- 8- firojsaha tomb-

References

R B Group which is providing its services in Media, Education & Petroleum.

External links

• श्री वैष्णो देवी धाम (Shri Vaishno Devi Dham)
• Kithaut
• Hanumaan Bari
• Nagla Khushhali
• Firozabad
• Firozabad Yellow Pages | Firozabad Business Directory
• Firozabad City E-Portal
• Firozabad District Homepage
• R K College of Systems & Management, Firozabad (U.P.) affiliated with Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University | Agra University
• Glass City of India by Rajat Jain, Shri Vardhman Handicrafts, Firozabad, Uttar Pradesh, India