Fausto Coppi

Fausto Coppi

Coppi at the 1952 Tour de France
Personal information
Full name Angelo Fausto Coppi
Nickname Il Campionissimo
(Champion of Champions)
Born (1919-09-15)15 September 1919
Castellania, Piedmont, Italy
Died 2 January 1960(1960-01-02) (aged 40)
Tortona, Alessandria, Italy
Team information
Discipline Road and track
Role Rider
Rider type All-rounder
Professional team(s)
1938–1939 Dopolavoro Tortona
1939–1942 Legnano
1945 Cicli Nulli Roma
1945–1955 Bianchi
1956–1957 Carpano-Coppi
1958 Bianchi-Pirelli
1959 Tricofilina-Coppi
Major wins

Grand Tours

Tour de France
General classification (1949, 1952)
Mountain classification (1949, 1952)
9 individual stages (1949-1952)
Giro d'Italia
General classification (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953)
Mountain classification (1948, 1949, 1954)
22 individual stages (1940–1955)

One-day races and Classics

Milan–San Remo (1946, 1948, 1949)
Paris–Roubaix (1950)
Giro di Lombardia (1946, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1954)
La Flèche Wallonne (1950)
Grand Prix des Nations (1946, 1947)
National Road Race Championships (1942, 1945, 1949, 1955)
Giro dell'Emilia (1941, 1947, 1948)
Giro della Romagna (1946, 1947, 1949)
Giro del Veneto (1941, 1947, 1949)
Tre Valli Varesine (1941, 1948, 1955)

Other

Hour record (1942)

Angelo Fausto Coppi, (Italian pronunciation: [ˈfausto ˈkɔppi]; 15 September 1919 – 2 January 1960), was the dominant international cyclist of the years each side of the Second World War. His successes earned him the title Il Campionissimo, or champion of champions. He was an all-round racing cyclist: he excelled in both climbing and time trialing, and was also a great sprinter. He won the Giro d'Italia five times (1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953), the Tour de France twice (1949 and 1952), and the World Championship in 1953. Other notable results include winning the Giro di Lombardia five times, the Milan–San Remo three times, as well as wins at Paris–Roubaix and La Flèche Wallonne and setting the hour record (45.798 km) in 1942.

Early life and amateur career

Coppi was one of five children born to Domenico Coppi and Angiolina Boveri,[1] who married on 29 July 1914. Fausto was the fourth child, born at 5:00 pm on 15 September 1919. His mother wanted to call him Angelo, but his father preferred Fausto. He was named Angelo Fausto but was known most of his life as Fausto.[2]

Coppi had poor health as a child and showed little interest in school. In 1927 he was condemned to write "I ought to be at school, not riding my bicycle" after skipping lessons to spend the day riding a family bike which he had found in a cellar, rusty and without brake blocks.[3] He left school at age 13 to work for Domenico Merlani, a butcher in Novi Ligure more widely known as Signor Ettore.

Cycling to and from the shop and meeting cyclists who came there interested him in racing. The money to buy a bike came from his uncle, also called Fausto Coppi, and his father. Coppi said:

"... [My uncle] was a merchant navy officer on a petrol tanker, and a real cycling fan. He was touched when he heard of my passion for the bike and decided that I deserved a real tool for the job on which I had set my heart, instead of the rusty old crock I was pushing around. I just cried with joy when my kind uncle gave me the 600 lire that were to make my dream come true. I knew from advertisements I had seen in the local papers that for 600 lire I could get a frame built to my measurements in Genoa. Out of my slender savings I took enough for the train fare to Genoa and back, gave my measurements, and handed over the 600 lire. I would have to buy the fittings and tyres from my errand-boy salary. Oh how my legs used to ache at night through climbing all those stairs during the day! But I'm glad I did, because it surely made my legs so strong."[4] "Come back within a week; your frame will be ready" said the owner of the cycle shop."[4] "But it wasn't ready, and not the next week, and not the next. For eight weeks I threw precious money away taking the train to Genoa and still no made-to-measure bike for me. The fellow just couldn't be bothered making a frame for a skinny country kid who didn't look as if he could pedal a fairy-cycle, let alone a racing bike. I used to cry bitterly as I went back home without the frame. On the ninth journey I took a frame home. But it wasn't a 'made to measure'. The chap just took one down off the rack. I was furious inside, but too shy to do anything about it."[4]

Coppi rode his first race at age 15, among other boys not attached to cycling clubs, and won first prize: 20 lire and a salami sandwich. Coppi took a racing licence at the start of 1938 and won his first race, at Castelleto d'Orba, near the butcher's shop. He won alone, winning an alarm clock. A regular caller at the butcher's shop in Novi Ligure was a former boxer who had become a masseur, a job he could do after losing his sight, in 1938. Giuseppe Cavanna was known to friends as Biagio. Coppi met him that year, recommended by another of Cavanna's riders. Cavanna suggested in 1939 that Coppi should become an independent, a class of semi-professionals who could ride against both amateurs and professionals. He sent Coppi to the Tour of Tuscany that April with the advice: "Follow Gino Bartali!" He was forced to stop with a broken wheel. But at Varzi on 7 May 1939 he won one of the races counting to the season-long national independent championship. He finished seven minutes clear of the field and won his next race by six minutes.

Professional career

His first large success was in 1940, winning the Giro d'Italia at the age of 20. In 1942 he set a world hour record (45.798 km at the Velodromo Vigorelli in Milan) which stood for 14 years until it was broken by Jacques Anquetil in 1956. His career was then interrupted by the Second World War. In 1946 he resumed racing and achieved remarkable successes which would be exceeded only by Eddy Merckx. The veteran writer Pierre Chany said that from 1946 to 1954 Coppi was never once recaught once he had broken away from the rest.[5]

Twice, 1949 and 1952, Coppi won the Giro d'Italia and the Tour de France in the same year, the first to do so. He won the Giro five times, a record shared with Alfredo Binda and Eddy Merckx. During the 1949 Giro he left Gino Bartali by 11 minutes between Cuneo and Pinerolo. Coppi won the 1949 Tour de France by almost half an hour over everyone except Bartali. From the start of the mountains in the Pyrenees to their end in the Alps, Coppi took back the 55 minutes by which Jacques Marinelli led him.[6]

Coppi won the Giro di Lombardia a record five times (1946, 1947, 1948, 1949 and 1954). He won Milan–San Remo three times (1946, 1948 and 1949). In the 1946 Milan–San Remo he attacked with nine others, five kilometres into a race of 292 km. He dropped the rest on the Turchino climb and won by 14 minutes.[7][8] He also won Paris–Roubaix and La Flèche Wallonne (1950). He was also 1953 world road champion.

Coppi (right) riding the 1953 Giro d'Italia

In 1952 Coppi won on the Alpe d'Huez, which had been included for the first time that year. He attacked six kilometres from the summit to rid himself of the French rider, Jean Robic. Coppi said: "I knew he was no longer there when I couldn't hear his breathing any more or the sound of his tyres on the road behind me."[9][10] He rode like "a Martian on a bicycle", said Raphaël Géminiani. "He asked my advice about the gears to use, I was in the French team and he in the Italian, but he was a friend and normally my captain in our everyday team, so I could hardly refuse him. I saw a phenomenal rider that day."[11] Coppi won the Tour by 28m 27s and the organiser, Jacques Goddet, had to double the prizes for lower placings to keep other riders interested.[12] It was his last Tour, having ridden three and won two.

Bill McGann wrote:

Comparing riders from different eras is a risky business subject to the prejudices of the judge. But if Coppi isn't the greatest rider of all time, then he is second only to Eddy Merckx. One can't judge his accomplishments by his list of wins because World War II interrupted his career just as World War I interrupted that of Philippe Thys. Coppi won it all: the world hour record, the world championships, the grands tours, classics as well as time trials. The great French cycling journalist, Pierre Chany says that between 1946 and 1954, once Coppi had broken away from the peloton, the peloton never saw him again. Can this be said of any other racer? Informed observers who saw both ride agree that Coppi was the more elegant rider who won by dint of his physical gifts as opposed to Merckx who drove himself and hammered his competition relentlessly by being the very embodiment of pure will.[13]

Coppi broke the world hour record on the track in Milan on 7 November 1942.[14] He rode a 93.6 inch (7.47 metre) gear and pedaled with an average cadence of 103.3rpm.[15] The bike is on display in the chapel of Madonna del Ghisallo near Como, Italy.[16] Coppi beat Maurice Archambaud's 45.767 km, set five years earlier on the same track.[17] The record stood until it was beaten by Jacques Anquetil in 1956.[8]

Coppi's career declined after the scandal. He had already been hit in 1951 by the death of his younger brother, Serse Coppi, who crashed in a sprint in the Giro del Piemonte and died of a cerebral haemorrhage.[n 1] Coppi could never match his old successes. Pierre Chany said he was first to be dropped each day in the Vuelta a España in 1959. Criterium organisers frequently cut their races to 45 km to be certain that Coppi could finish, he said. "Physically, he wouldn't have been able to ride even 10km further. He charged himself [took drugs] before every race." Coppi, said Chany, was "a magnificent and grotesque washout of a man, ironical towards himself; nothing except the warmth of simple friendship could penetrate his melancholia. But I'm talking of the end of his career. The last year! In 1959! I'm not talking about the great era. In 1959, he wasn't a racing cyclist any more. He was just clinging on [il tentait de sauver les meubles]."[18]

Jacques Goddet wrote in an appreciation of Coppi's career in L'Équipe: We would like to have cried out to him 'Stop!' And as nobody dared to, destiny took care of it."

Raphaël Géminiani said of Coppi's domination:

When Fausto won and you wanted to check the time gap to the man in second place, you didn't need a Swiss stopwatch. The bell of the church clock tower would do the job just as well. Paris–Roubaix? Milan–San Remo? Lombardy? We're talking 10 minutes to a quarter of an hour. That's how Fausto Coppi was.[19]

Rivalry with Bartali

"This mercurial beginner [Fausto Coppi] joined Bartali's team in 1940, and then won the Giro d'ltalia with a massive lead over his team leader. Bartali was astonished and affronted.
Henceforward, the two riders were in personal combat—it often seemed that, as fierce rivals, they cared less about winning a race than beating each other."

Tim Hilton, 'The Guardian'[20]

Coppi's racing days are generally referred to as the beginning of the golden years of cycle racing. A factor is the competition between Coppi and Gino Bartali. Italian tifosi (fans) divided into coppiani and bartaliani. Bartali's rivalry with Coppi divided Italy.[21] Bartali, conservative, religious, was venerated in the rural, agrarian south, while Coppi, more worldly, secular, innovative in diet and training, was hero of the industrial north. The writer Curzio Malaparte said:

"Bartali belongs to those who believe in tradition... he is a metaphysical man protected by the saints. Coppi has nobody in heaven to take care of him. His manager, his masseur, have no wings. He is alone, alone on a bicycle... Bartali prays while he is pedalling: the rational Cartesian and sceptical Coppi is filled with doubts, believes only in his body, his motor."

Their lives came together on 7 January 1940 when Eberardo Pavesi, head of the Legnano team, took on Coppi to ride for Bartali. Their rivalry started when Coppi, the helping hand, won the Giro and Bartali, the star, marshalled the team to chase. By the 1948 world championship at Valkenburg (South Holland) in the Netherlands, both climbed off rather than help the other. The Italian cycling association said: "They have forgotten to honour the Italian prestige they represent. Thinking only of their personal rivalry, they abandoned the race, to the approbation of all sportsmen." They were suspended for three months.[22]

The thaw partly broke when the pair shared a bottle on the Col d'Izoard in the 1952 Tour[n 2] but the two fell out over who had offered it. "I did," Bartali insisted. "He never gave me anything."[23] Their rivalry was the subject of intense coverage and resulted in epic races.

Life during World War II

Coppi joined the army as soldier 7375 of the 38th Infantry when Italy entered World War II. Officers favoured him at first to keep him riding his bike, but in March 1943 they sent him to North Africa. There he was taken prisoner by the British between Mateur and Medjez-el-Bab on 13 April 1943. He was kept in a prisoner of war camp, where he shared plates with the father of Claudio Chiappucci, who rode the Tour in the 1990s. He was given odd jobs to do. The British cyclist Len Levesley said he was astonished to find Coppi giving him a haircut.[24] Levesley, who was on a stretcher with polio, said:

"I should think it took me all of a full second to realise who it was. He looked fine, he looked slim, and having been in the desert, he looked tanned. I'd only seen him in cycling magazines but I knew instantly who he was. So he cut away at my hair and I tried to have a conversation with him, but he didn't speak English and I don't speak Italian. But we managed one or two words and I got over to him that I did some club racing. And I gave him a bar of chocolate that I had with me and he was grateful for that and that was the end of it."[n 3]

The British moved Coppi to an RAF base at Caserta in Italy in 1945. There he worked for an officer who had never heard of him. Coppi was allowed liberal terms, the war being as good as over. On release he cycled and hitched lifts home. On Sunday 8 July 1945 he won the Circuit of the Aces in Milan after four years away from racing. The following season he won Milan–San Remo (about these years see also "Viva Coppi!", a historical novel written by Filippo Timo).

Personal life

Fausto Coppi and Giulia Occhini sitting on a sofa
Coppi and Giulia Occhini in 1954

The Woman in White was Giulia Occhini, described by the French broadcaster Jean-Paul Ollivier as "strikingly beautiful with thick chestnut hair divided into enormous plaits." She was married to an army captain, Enrico Locatelli. Coppi was married to Bruna Ciampolini. Locatelli was a cycling fan. His wife wasn't but she joined him on 8 August 1948 to see the Tre Valli Varesine race. Their car was caught beside Coppi's in a traffic jam. That evening Occhini went to Coppi's hotel and asked for a photograph. He wrote "With friendship to...", asked her name and then added it. From then on the two spent more and more time together.

Italy was a strait-laced country in which adultery was thought of poorly. In 1954, Luigi Boccaccini of La Stampa saw her waiting for Coppi at the end of a race in St-Moritz. She and Coppi hugged and La Stampa printed a picture in which she was described as la dama in bianco di Fausto Coppi—the "woman in white".

It took only a while to find out who she was. She and Coppi moved in together but so great was the scandal that the landlord of their apartment in Tortona demanded they move out. Reporters pursued them to a hotel in Casteletto d'Orba and again they moved, buying the Villa Carla, a house near Novi Ligure. There police raided them at night to see if they were sharing a bed. Pope Pius XII asked Coppi to return to his wife. He refused to bless the Giro d'Italia when Coppi rode it. The Pope then went through the Italian cycling federation. Its president, Bartolo Paschetta, wrote on 8 July 1954: "Dear Fausto, yesterday evening St. Peter made it known to me that the news [of adultery] had caused him great pain."

Bruna Ciampolini refused a divorce. To end a marriage was shameful and still illegal in some parts of the country. Coppi was shunned and spectators spat at him. He and Giulia Occhini had a son, Faustino.[25]

Death

Coppi's funeral in January 1960

In December 1959, the president of Burkina Faso, Maurice Yaméogo, invited Coppi, Raphaël Géminiani, Jacques Anquetil, Louison Bobet, Roger Hassenforder and Henry Anglade to ride against local riders and then go hunting. Géminiani remembered:

"I slept in the same room as Coppi in a house infested by mosquitos. I'd got used to them but Coppi hadn't. Well, when I say we 'slept', that's an overstatement. It was like the safari had been brought forward several hours, except that for the moment we were hunting mosquitos. Coppi was swiping at them with a towel. Right then, of course, I had no clue of what the tragic consequences of that night would be. Ten times, twenty times, I told Fausto 'Do what I'm doing and get your head under the sheets; they can't bite you there.'"[26]

Both caught malaria and fell ill when they got home. Géminiani said:

"My temperature got to 41.6... I was delirious and I couldn't stop talking. I imagined or maybe saw people all round but I didn't recognise anyone. The doctor treated me for hepatitis, then for yellow fever, finally for typhoid."[26]

Geminiani was diagnosed as being infected with plasmodium falciparum, one of the more lethal strains of malaria. Géminiani recovered but Coppi died, his doctors convinced he had a bronchial complaint. La Gazzetta dello Sport, the Italian daily sports paper, published a Coppi supplement. The editor wrote that he prayed that God would soon send another Coppi.[27] Coppi was an atheist.[28]

The memorial to Coppi at the Pordoi Pass in the Dolomites, the Alps

In January 2002 a man identified only as Giovanni, who lived in Burkina Faso until 1964, said Coppi died not of malaria but of an overdose of cocaine. The newspaper Corriere dello Sport said Giovanni had his information from Angelo Bonazzi. Giovanni said: "It is Angelo who told me that Coppi had been killed. I was a supporter of Coppi, and you can imagine my state when he told me that Coppi had been poisoned in Fada Gourma, at the time of a reception organised by the head of the village. Angelo also told me that [Raphael] Géminiani was also present... Fausto's plate fell, they replaced it, and then..."[29]

The story has also been attributed to a 75-year-old Benedictine monk called Brother Adrien. He told Mino Caudullo of the Italian National Olympic Committee: "Coppi was killed with a potion mixed with grass. Here in Burkina Faso this awful phenomenon happens. People are still being killed like that." Coppi's doctor, Ettore Allegri, dismissed the story as "absolute drivel."[30][31]

A court in Tortona opened an investigation and asked toxicologists about exhuming Coppi's body to look for poison. A year later, without exhumation, the case was dismissed.[32]

Legacy

The Giro remembers Coppi as it goes through the mountain stages. A mountain bonus, called the Cima Coppi, is awarded to the first rider who reaches the Giro's highest summit. In 1999, Coppi placed second in balloting for greatest Italian athlete of the 20th century.

Coppi's life story was depicted in the 1995 TV movie, Il Grande Fausto, written and directed by Alberto Sironi. Coppi was played by Sergio Castellitto and Giulia la 'Dama Bianca' (The Woman in White) was played by Ornella Muti.[33]

Doping

Gino Bartali took to raiding Coppi's room before races:
"The first thing was to make sure I always stayed at the same hotel for a race, and to have the room next to his so I could mount a surveillance. I would watch him leave with his mates, then I would tiptoe into the room which ten seconds earlier had been his headquarters. I would rush to the waste bin and the bedside table, go through the bottles, flasks, phials, tubes, cartons, boxes, suppositories – I swept up everything.
I became so expert in interpreting all these pharmaceuticals that I could predict how Fausto would behave during the course of the stage. I would work out, according to the traces of the product I found, how and when he would attack me."

Gino Bartali, Miroir des Sports, 1946,[34]

Coppi was often said to have introduced "modern" methods to cycling, particularly his diet. Gino Bartali established that some of those methods included taking drugs, which were not then against the rules.

Bartali and Coppi appeared on television revues and sang together, Bartali singing about "The drugs you used to take" as he looked at Coppi. Coppi spoke of the subject in a television interview:

Question: Do cyclists take la bomba (amphetamine)?
Answer: Yes, and those who claim otherwise, it's not worth talking to them about cycling.
Question: And you, did you take la bomba?
Answer: Yes. Whenever it was necessary.
Question: And when was it necessary?
Answer: Almost all the time![35][36]

Coppi "set the pace" in drug-taking, said his contemporary, the Dutchman, Wim van Est.[37] Rik van Steenbergen said Coppi was "the first I knew who took drugs."[38] That didn't stop Coppi's protesting against others using it. He told René de Latour:

"What is the good of having world champions if those boys are worn out before turning professional? Maybe the officials are proud to come back with a rainbow jersey.[n 4] but if this done at the expense of the boys' futures, then I say it's wrong. Do you think it normal that our best amateurs become nothing but 'gregari'?"[n 5][39]

Career achievements

Major results

Source:[40][41][42]

1939
2nd Coppa Bernocchi
3rd Giro dell'Appennino
3rd Giro del Piemonte
1940
1st Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stage 11
3rd Giro del Lazio
3rd Tre Valli Varesine
9th Giro dell'Emilia
9th Giro di Campania
1941
1st Giro di Toscana
1st Giro dell'Emilia
1st Giro del Veneto
1st Tre Valli Varesine
4th Giro di Lazio
5th Giro di Lombardia
10th Milan–San Remo
10th Coppa Bernocchi
1942
1st National Road Race Championship
4th Giro del Lazio
5th Giro di Toscana
5th Giro dell'Emilia
7th Giro di Lombardia
10th Giro di Campania
1945
5th Milano–Torino
1946
1st Milan–San Remo
1st Giro di Lombardia
1st Grand Prix des Nations
1st Giro della Romagna
2nd Overall Giro d'Italia
1st stages 4, 13 & 14
2nd Mountains classification
2nd Giro del Lazio
2nd Züri-Metzgete
1947
1st Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stages 4, 8 & 16
2nd Mountains classification
1st Giro di Lombardia
1st Grand Prix des Nations
1st National Road Race Championship
1st Giro dell'Emilia
1st Giro della Romagna
1st Giro del Veneto
1st Individual pursuit, Road World Championships
5th Overall Tour de Suisse
1st Stage 5b
1948
Giro d'Italia
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 16 & 17
1st Milan–San Remo
1st Giro dell'Emilia
1st Tre Valli Varesine
1st Giro di Lombardia
2nd Het Volk
2nd Individual pursuit, Road World Championships
5th Giro di Toscana
1949
1st Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 4, 11 & 17
1st Overall Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 7, 17 & 20
1st Milan–San Remo
1st Giro di Lombardia
1st National Road Race Championship
1st Giro della Romagna
1st Giro del Veneto
1st Individual pursuit, Road World Championships
2nd Critérium des As
2nd Giro del Piemonte
3rd La Flèche Wallonne
3rd Road race, Road World Championships
1950
1st Paris–Roubaix
1st La Flèche Wallonne
1st Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
2nd Trofeo Baracchi (with Serse Coppi)
3rd Giro di Lombardia
5th Giro del Piemonte
9th Milan–San Remo
1951
1st Gran Premio di Lugano
3rd Giro di Lombardia
4th Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stages 6 & 18
2nd Mountains classification
4th Critérium des As
4th Trofeo Baracchi (with Wim Van Est)
10th Overall Tour de France
1st Stage 20
3rd Mountains classification
1952
1st Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stages 5, 11 & 14
2nd Mountains classification
1st Overall Tour de France
1st Mountains classification
1st Stages 7, 10, 11, 18 & 21
1st Gran Premio di Lugano
2nd Paris–Roubaix
3rd Giro dell'Emilia
3rd Trofeo Baracchi (with Michele Gismondi)
4th Overall Tour de Romandie
1953
1st Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stages 4, 11 (TTT), 19 & 20
2nd Mountains classification
1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Riccardo Filippi)
1st Road race, Road World Championships
9th Milan–San Remo
1954
1st Giro di Lombardia
1st Coppa Bernocchi
1st Giro di Campania
1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Riccardo Filippi)
4th Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Mountains classification
1st Stage 20
4th Milan–San Remo
5th Overall Tour de Suisse
1st Stages 2 & 4
6th Road race, Road World Championships
1955
1st Giro dell'Appennino
1st Tre Valli Varesine
1st National Road Race Championship
1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Riccardo Filippi)
1st Giro di Campania
2nd Overall Giro d'Italia
1st Stage 20
2nd Paris–Roubaix
3rd Overall Roma–Napoli–Roma
1st Stage 5
4th Milano–Torino
5th Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria
1956
1st Gran Premio di Lugano
2nd Trofeo Baracchi (with Riccardo Filippi)
2nd Coppa Bernocchi
2nd Giro di Lombardia
9th Milano–Vignola
1957
1st Trofeo Baracchi (with Ercole Baldini)
1958
7th Tre Valli Varesine
9th Giro del Piemonte
1959
5th Trofeo Baracchi (with Louison Bobet)

Grand Tour results timeline

Source:[41]

1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
Giro 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 1 DNF 1 DNF 4 1 1 4 2 DNF DNE 32 DNE
Stages won 1 3 3 2 3 0 2 3 3 1 1 0  — 0  —
Mountains classification NR 2 2 1 1 NR 2 2 2 1  — NR  — NR  —
Points classification N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A NR  — NR  —
Tour N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A DNE DNE 1 DNE 10 1 DNE DNE DNE DNE DNE DNE DNE
Stages won  —  — 3  — 1 5  —  —  —  —  —  —  —
Mountains classification  —  — 1  — 3 1  —  —  —  —  —  —  —
Points classification N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A  —  —  —  —  —  —
Vuelta N/A DNE DNE N/A N/A DNE DNE DNE DNE N/A DNE N/A N/A N/A N/A DNE DNE DNE DNE DNF
Stages won  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 0
Mountains classification  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — NR
Points classification N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A  —  —  —  — NR
Legend
1 Winner
2–3 Top three-finish
4–10 Top ten-finish
11– Other finish
DNE Did Not Enter
DNF-x Did Not Finish (retired on stage x)
DNS-x Did Not Start (no started on stage x)
DSQ Disqualified
N/A Race/classification not held
NR Not Ranked in this classification

Monuments results timeline

Source:[40][41]

Monument 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
Milan–San Remo 17 10 21 — N/A N/A 1 — 1 1 9 — 37 9 4 63 — — — —
Tour of Flanders — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Paris–Roubaix N/A N/A N/A — — — — — — 12 1 — 2 — — 2 — — — 44
Liège–Bastogne–Liège N/A N/A N/A — N/A — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Giro di Lombardia 16 5 7 N/A N/A — 1 1 1 1 3 3 35 — 1 11 2 — — —
Legend
— Did not compete
N/A Race not held

See also

Notes and references

Footnotes

  1. ↑ A parallel with Bartali, who also lost a brother, Giulio, in a 1936 racing accident.
  2. ↑ Henry Anglade created a stained glass window of the incident; it is at the Notre Dame des Cyclistes chapel near Mont de Marsan, France.
  3. ↑ His cycling friends called him Holy Head for years afterwards.
  4. ↑ The award, along with a gold medal, given to the winner of a world championship
  5. ↑ "Gregari" are team riders, employed to help their better riders win. A gregario was a soldier of the Roman legions, "one into the group" Etimologia. They are equivalent to domestiques in France and knecht "servant" or "helper" in Belgium and the Netherlands.

References

  1. ↑ Ollivier 1981.
  2. ↑ Ollivier 1981, p. 12.
  3. ↑ Ollivier 1981, p. 13.
  4. 1 2 3 Sporting Cyclist, UK, undated cutting
  5. ↑ L'Équipe, France, 1960, cited Penot, Christophe (1996), Pierre Chany, l'homme aux 50 Tours de France, Cristel, France, ISBN 2-9510116-0-1, p. 805
  6. ↑ Ollivier 1981, p. 85.
  7. ↑ Penot, Christophe (1996), Pierre Chany, l'homme aux 50 Tours de France, Cristel, France, ISBN 2-9510116-0-1, p. 76
  8. 1 2 Dave Moulton, Thursday, 24 January 2008, Fausto Coppi: Il Campionissimo
  9. ↑ Vélo, France, June 2004
  10. ↑ L'Équipe Magazine, 17 July 2004
  11. ↑ Chany, Pierre (1988), La Fabuleuse Histoire de Tour de France, 1988, p. 408
  12. ↑ McGann & McGann 2006, p. 187.
  13. ↑ McGann & McGann 2006, p. 160.
  14. ↑ Clemitson, Suze (19 September 2014). "Why Jens Voigt and a new group of cyclists want to break the Hour record". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  15. ↑ "The Hour Record". Wolfgang-menn.de. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  16. ↑ Cycling News, 17 October 2008, News feature - Madonna del Ghisallo
  17. ↑ "www.cyclingnews.com news and analysis". Autobus.cyclingnews.com. Retrieved 2 October 2009.
  18. ↑ Cited de Mondenard, Jean-Pierre (2000), Dopage — l'imposture des Performances, Chiron, France, ISBN 2-7027-0639-8, p. 178
  19. ↑ Cycle Sport, UK, November 1996, p. 72
  20. ↑ The Guardian, 9 May 2000, Obituary, Gino Bartali
  21. ↑ Cycling Plus, UK, undated cutting
  22. ↑ Konrad, Gabor and Melanie, ed (2000), Bikelore: Some History and Heroes of Cycling, On the Wheel, USA, ISBN 1-892495-32-5, p. 134
  23. ↑ Vélo, France, 2000
  24. ↑ Journal, Fellowship of Cycling Old-Timers, UK, vol. 154
  25. ↑ Fausto Coppi
  26. 1 2 Sudres, Claude, Hors Course, privately published, France
  27. ↑ Een Man Alleen Op Kop, Wieler Revue, Netherlands, undated cutting
  28. ↑ Marco Innocenti, L'Italia del 1948: quando De Gasperi batté Togliatti, Mursia, 1997, p. 133
  29. ↑ Cited www.cyclingnews.com/news/2002/jan02/jan22news.php
  30. ↑ Cycling Weekly, UK, January 2002
  31. ↑ Procycling, UK, March 2002
  32. ↑ Procycling, UK, February 2003
  33. ↑ IMDB, TV Movie (1995) Il Grande Fausto
  34. ↑ Miroir des Sports, France, 1946
  35. ↑ Archive extract from Quando Volava l'Airone, part of a programme called Format, Rai Tre television, 1998
  36. ↑ Cited Nouvel Observateur, France, 19 November 2008
  37. ↑ Cycling, UK, 4 January 1990
  38. ↑ Koomen, Theo (1974), 25 Jaar Doping, De Stem, Netherlands, p144
  39. ↑ Miroir des Sports, France, cited "Fausto Drops a Bomb", Sporting Cyclist, UK, undated cutting
  40. 1 2 "Fausto Coppi (Italy)". The-Sports.org. Québec, Canada: Info Média Conseil. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  41. 1 2 3 "Palmarès de Fausto Coppi (Ita)" [Awards of Fausto Coppi (Ita)]. Memoire du cyclisme (in French). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  42. ↑ "Fausto Coppi". Cycling Archives. de Wielersite. Retrieved 16 September 2015.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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Records
Preceded by
Maurice Archambaud		 UCI hour record (45.798 km)
7 November 1942 – 29 June 1956 		Succeeded by
Jacques Anquetil
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